Illustrated  History  of  the  Civil  War. 


FRANK   LESLIE'S 

ILLUSTRATED    HISTORY 


OF  THE 


CIVIL  WAR 


THE 


MOST  IMPORTANT  EVENTS  OF  THE  CONFLICT  BETWEEN  THE  STATES 

GRAPHICALLY     PICTURED. 

STIRRING  BATTLE  SCENES  AND  GRAND  NAVAL  ENGAGEMENTS, 

DRAWN  BY  SPECIAL  ARTISTS  ON  THE  SPOT. 

PORTRAITS   OF  PRINCIPAL  PARTICIPANTS,  MILITARY  AND  CIVIL;  FAMOUS  FORTS: 

PATHETIC  EPISODES,  ETC..   ETC 


THE    WHOLE    FORMING 


AN   AUTHENTIC   PICTORIAL   HISTORY  OF  THE   WAR, 

BY    SUCH    WELL-KNOWN    ARTISTS   AS 

BECKER.  CRANE,  BEARD,  SCHELL,  LUMLEY,  FORBES,  NEVILL,  DAVIS,  SIMONS,  OSBORN,  WILCOX,  WEAVER, 

BOSSE,  NEWTON,  RAWSON,  RUSSELL,  SARTORIOUS,  CHAMBERLAIN, 

AND   OTHERS. 
A  CONCISE   HISTORY   OF  THE   CIVIL  WAR,  BEING   OFFICIAL  DATA  SECURED   FROM  THE  WAR  RECORDS. 

EDITED  BY 

LOUIS    SHEPHEARD     MOAT. 

WITH   AN  INTRODUCTION   BY 

JOSEPH     B.    CARR, 

MAJOR-GENERAL. 

i  ^ 

MRS.    ERANK    LESLIE,    PUBLISHER, 

NEW    YORK. 


•  7 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-five,  by 

MRS.  FRANK   LESLIK. 
in    the   Office   of  the    Librarian   of  Congress  at  Washington,  R  ('. 


INTRODUCTION. 


A      GENERATION   has  passed  away  since  the  last  battle  of  the   Civil  War  was  fought,  and  since  the   victorious  armies  of 
the    Union   passed  in  review,   on  the    22d  and  23d   of  May,  1865,  before  the   President  of  the  United  States  in  the  City 
of  Washington. 

Upward  of  one  million  of  men  were  on  the  rolls  of  the  army  when  the  work  of  mustering  out  officers  and  men 
began  on  the  ist  of  June,  1865,  and  by  the  middle  of  November  upward  of  800,000  of  this  vast  host  had  returned  to  the 
pursuits  of  peace. 

Altogether  the  whole  number  of  men  who  had  answered  to  their  country's  call  during  the  war  was  2,656,000.  Out  of 
this  number  300,000  had  sealed  their  patriotism  with  their  blood. 

As  long  as  this  nation  lasts  the  memory  of  these  defenders  of  the  Union  will  be  one  of  its  holiest  treasures.  "Your 
marches,'  said  General  Grant  in  his  farewell  address,  "your  sieges  and  battles,  in  distance,  duration,  resolution  and  orilliancy 
of  results,  dim  the  lustre  of  the  world's  past  military  achievements,  and  will  be  the  patriot's  precedents  in  defense  of  liberty 
and  right  in  all  time  to  come.1 

Many  of  those  to  whom  these  words  were  addressed  have  already  passed  away,  but  the  new  generation  still  remembers 
with  pride  some  relative  to  whose  stories  of  battle  and  of  march  it  has  often  listened.  B'-t  as  these  veterans  become  fewer 
the  tales  of  their  deeds  become  less  vivid  ;  and  it  is  to  impress  on  trie  rieW  age  ana  to  fix  on  posterity  the  memory  of  these 
heroes  that  this  work  is  designed. 

Nothing  recalls  the  past  so  forcibly  as  pictures  of  the  scenes  taken  at  the  time  and  on  the  very  spot.  A  picture,  too, 
is  impartial.  It  cannot  represent  the  success  of  the  victors  without  representing  the  heroism  of  their  opponents.  It  does 
justice  to  all  sides,  like  Decoration  Day,  whicji  North  and  South  alike  keep  holy,  and  strengthens  the  bonds  of  sympathy 
between  all  true  citizens. 

This  work  will  bt,  a  supplement  to  every  written  history,  portraying  as  it  does  the  striking  incidents  of  battle,  and 
giving  the  likenesses  of  the  leaders  whose  names  were  on  every  lip  in  the  days  of  strife. 

Here  the  veterans  will  find  the  past  recalled,  and  here  the  young  may  gain  inspiration  to  emulate  their  patriotism  and 
devotion. 


V 


850901 


ll|c      $m\<       §oldierr      \\lio       poik]l|t      the      Runlet      IHTC 


IIJ 


BOQ-K  IS  bhik)lCATO. 


PREFACE. 


A    S    the   years    roll   by,  and  the  reverberating-  echoes  of  the  great  Civil   War  that  shook  our  country  from  one  end  to  the 

other  slowly  die  away  in  the  distance,  the  pictures  of  the  stirring  scenes  of  '61  to  '65,  drawn  in  the  very  midst  of  the 
strife,  become  not  only  interesting  and  attractive  to  the  eye,  but  highly  important  and  valuable  as  real,  authentic  representa 
tions  of  the  way  in  which  the  events  actually  took  place  that  no  word  description  could  possibly  give. 

To  preserve  in  convenient  and  permanent  form  these  valuable  illustrations  and  to  present  to  the  public  a  grand  pano 
rama  ol  the  leading  events  of  the  war  is  the  purpose  of  this  book.  The  brave  soldiers  who,  clad  in  the  "Blue"  or  the 
"  Gray,"  participated  in  the  fierce  struggles  that  marked  the  four  years  of  war,  will  find  here  familiar  scenes,  and  will  be  taken 
back,  through  the  medium  of  excellent  pictures,  to  the  days  they  will  never  forget ;  those  who  remained  at  home  will  be 
reminded,  in  looking  over  these  pages,  of  the  exciting  eagerness  with  which  the  appearance  of  each  number  of  Frank  Leslie's 
publications,  with  their  famous  war  pictures,  was  awaited,  and  how  every  piece  of  news  and  illustration  from  the  seat  of  battle 
was  anxiously  scanned ;  while  those  who  were  not  born  or  were  too  young  to  remember  now  those  stirring  times  will  find 
much  interest  and  instruction  in  studying  the  views  of  battles  that  became  famous  and  have  taken  a  prominent  place  in 
the  nation's  history. 

The  pictures  in  this  work  have  been  reproduced  from  the  original  cuts  made  by  Frank  Leslie's  corps  of  war  artists. 
They  were  taken  from  his  publications  because  of  their  assured  authenticity.  They  were  drawn  and  engraved  directly  from 
sketches  made  on  the  scene  of  battle  by  the  most  famous  artists  of  the  time,  and  can  therefore  be  relied  upon  as 
absolutely  accurate.  They  are  really  the  most  authentic  war  illustrations  that  have  ever  been  published. 

The  short,  concise  history  of  the  war  which  appears  at  the  end  of  this  volume  is  intended  to  give  the  reader,  in  as  few 
words  as  possible,  a  complete  and  accurate  account  of  the  great  conflict  from  beginning  to  end ;  describing,  in  entertaining 
language,  the  circumstances  that  led  to  the  struggle,  the  important  battles  both  on  land  and  sea.  the  men  who  participated 
in  them,  and  the  causes  that  brought  about  the  downfall  of  the  Confederacy.  This  description,  with  the  graphic  illustrations, 
will,  it  is  hoped,  bring  about  a  better  knowledge  and  a  more  correct  idea  of  the  Civil  War  than  any  yet  presented  to 
the  public. 

Neither  trouble  nor  expense  has  been  spared  to  make  FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR  per 
fectly  reliable  in  every  way.  Editors  of  experience  have  gone  over  the  whole  work  carefully  and  verified  every  date,  so  as  to 
prevent  the  possibility  of  error. 


INDEX  TO  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


A. 

A  Confederate  Treed  — Capture  of  Lii'iitenaut  It.  J.  Se 
gal,  of  the  Confederate  Army,  near  Full*  Church.  .      1(17 
Admiral  Dupout's  Machine  Shop,  Station  Creek,  S.  C. .     4G3 

Advance  of  Federal  Troops  on  Corinth 216,     217 

Advance  of  General  Rosocraus's  Division  through  the 
Forests  of  Laurel  Hill  to  Attack  the  Confederate 

Intrenchments  at  Rich  Mountain 154 

Advance  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac— Occupation  of 

Winchester,  Va.,  March   12th,  1862 2(58 

Advance  of  the  Federal  Army  under  General  McClellan 

toward  Yorktowu.  Va. ,  April  5th,  1H(!2 130 

Advance  of  the  Federal  Troops  near  Howard's  Bridge 

and  Mill   205 

Advance  on  Port  Hudson.  March  13th.  18(53 315 

Advance  upon  Charleston,  S.  C.— Entrance  to  the  Stono 

River 34K 

Advance  upon  Charleston,  S.  C.,  March  28th,  1863 305  I 

Anglo-Confederate  Steamer  A  nglia,  Captured  off  Bull's 

Bay,  S.  C..  October  19th.  18(52 323 

inuaudale  Chapel.  Va 35  : 

U-my  Cookhouse  on  the  Rappahannock,  Falmouth,  Va.      154 
Army  at   Belmont,  Mo.,  Opposite  Columbus,  Ky.,  No 
vember  7th,  1801 C,2 

Army  of  General  Fremont  on  its  March  up  the  Shenan- 

doah  Valley Kid 

Army  of  the  Cumberland — Wilder's  Mounted  Infantry 
Passing  a  Blockhouse  on  the  Nashville  and  Chat 
tanooga  Railroad 37;) 

Army  of  the  Potomac  Recrossing  the  Kappahanuock 
from  Fredericksburg  to  Falmouth,  December  15th, 

18G2 3M 

Arrny  of  the  Potomac — See'ie  at  the  Crossing  of  Kettle 

Kun .|r>7 

Arrival  and  Departure  of  Federal  Troops,  on  their  Way 
to  Washington,  at  the  Union  Volunteers  Refresh 
ment  Saloon.  Philadelphia,  Pa 77 

Arrival  of  General  McClellan.  April  5th,  18(52,  to  Take 
Personal  Command  of  the  Federal  Army  ih  its  Ad 
vance  on  Yorktowu i:U 

Artillery  Practice  with  the  Dahlgreii  Howitzer  Boat  Gun     2(i8  j 
Assault  of  the  Second  Louisiana  Colored  Regiment  on 
the  Confederate  Works  at  Port  Hudson,  May  27th, 

1863 440,     111 

Attack   on   Enemy's   Train   by   the   Forty-eighth    New 

York  Volunteer  Regiment 270 

Attack  upon  the  Batteries  at  the  Entrance  of  Acquia 
Creek,  Potomac  Rivef ,  by  the  United  States  Vessels 
Pawnee,  Yankee,  Thomas  Freeborn,  Aiiacaatil  and 

Resolute,  June  1st,  1861 43 

Attack  upon  the  United  States  Sloop  of  War  Semttwle, 

October  loth,  1861 274 


B. 

Bauks's  Expedition  : 

A  Confederate  Schooner  Running  into  the  United 
States  Transport  Cht-kiiing,  off  the  Florida 
Reefs,  on  the  Night  of  December  llth,  1802  380 

Burning  of  the  State  Capitol  of  Louisiana,  Baton 

Rouge,  December  30th,  1862 407 

Hoisting  the  National  Standard  on  the  State  Capitol 

at  Baton  Rouge,  La.,  December  17th,  1863. . . .     476 

Scene  on  the  Hurricane  Deck  of  the  United  States 

Transport  North  Star 330 

Scene  on  the  Levee,  Baton  Rouge,  La 378 

Battles : 

Autietam — Bumside's  Division  Carrying  the  Bridge 

over  the  Antietam  Creek,  September  17th,  1862     266 

Antietam — Burnside's  Division — Brilliant  and  De 
cisive  Bayonet  Charge  of  Hawkins's  Zouaves.  .  293 

Autietam — The  Centre  and  Right  Wing  of  General 

McClellan's  Army 316 

Antietam— The  Opening  of  the  Fight 295 

Baker's  Creek,  May  16th,  1863— Defeat  of  the  Con 
federates  under  Pemberton  by  General  Grant  303 

Bentonville,  N.  C.,  March  20th.  1865 431 

Blue  Ridge  Pass,  September  14th,  1862— The  First 

Federal  Victory  in  Maryland 332 

Bull  Run,  Va.,  July  21st,  1861,  between  the  Federal 
Army,  commanded  by  Major  General  McDow 
ell,  and  the  Confederate  Army,  under  Generals 
Johnston  and  Beauregard 30,  56,  57 

Carrick's  Ford,  July  13th,  1861 44 

Carrick's  Ford,  W.  Va. — Discovery  of  the  Body  of 

General  Garnett,  after  the  Battle 247 


Battles—  Continued  : 

Cedar  Mountain,  August  'Jth,  1862— Repulse  of  the 

Confederates 228 

Champion  Hills,  May  16th,  1863 376,     377 

Chauoellorsville,  Va.,  May  1st,  18(13 324 

Chaucellorsville.Va.,  May  3d,  18(53— (ieueral  Hooker 

Repulsing  the  Attack  of  the  Enemy 3(i(),     :((il 

Chancellorsville,  Va.— The  Attack  on  General  Sedg- 

vick's  Corps,  May  Jth,  1803 325 

Charles  City  Road,  June  30th,  18(52— Charge  of  tin- 
Jersey  Brigade 203 

Chickamauga.  Ga.,  September  I'.lfh  20th,  18(53,  be 
tween  Generals  Rosecraus  and  Bragg 3112,  3'.K! 

Chickamauga— Repulse  of  the  Confederates  at  <  'raw- 
fish  Creek 351; 

Corinth.  Miss..  October  -1th,  18(52  — Scene  in  the 
Roundabouts  of  Fort  Robinett.  after  the  Re 
pulse  of  the  Confederates 3 1C 

Cross  Keys,  June  8th,  18(52— Opening  tin-   Fight..      15'.) 
Cross  Keys — The  Centre  and  Front  of  the  Federal 

Army  in  the  Engagement 2:i(i 

Dam  No.  4,  Potomac  River— Battle  between  Butter- 
field's  Brigade  and  a  Large  Confederate  Force  2(!0 

Dnmesville,  Va. ,  December  20th,  18(52 83 

Gaines's  Mill.  June  27th,  1862 207 

Gettysburg.  July  2d,  18(53.  as  Seen  from  Rocky  Hill     351 
Gettysburg— Charge  of  the  Confederates  on  Ceme 
tery  Hill :V.K 

Gettysburg  —  Cemetery   Hill  during  the  Attack  of 

the  Confederates 31; 

Grand  Coteau,  La.,  November  3d,   1863       Furious 

Attack  on  the  Sixteenth  Indiana  Regiment  .  .      :i!)l 

Great  Bethel,  June  10th,  18(51 

Malveru  Hill,  near  Turkey  Bend,  James  River,  Va., 

July  1st,  18(52 232, 

Middletowu,   October    l!Hh,   18(54  —  Great    Victory 

Won  by  Major  General  Sheridan 443 

Mill  Spring,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  near  James 
town,  Ky., Sunday,  January  19th,  1862— Flight 

of  the  Confederate  Army 200.     201 

Muufordville,  Ky.,  September  14th,  18(52 261 

New  Berne — Lieutenant  Hammond  Capturing  Colo 
nel  A  very,  of  South  Carolina,  while  he  was  En 
deavoring  to  Rally  the  Flying  Confederates. .  .  311 
Pea  Ridge,  Ark.,  March  6th,  7th  and  8th,  1862,  be 
tween  the  Federal  Forces,  13,000  Strong,  and 
the  Combined  Confederate  Army  of  the  South 
west,  25,000  Strong 11)7 

Pittsburg  Lauding,  April  6th,   1862  —  Charge  and 

Repulse  of  Confederates  at  Peach  Orchard...      110 
Pittsburg  Landing — Burning  the  Dead  Horses  near 

the  Peach  Orchard 10(1 

Pittsburg  Landing — Desperate  Defense  of  General 
McClernand's    Second   Line    by  the    Federal 
Troops,  Sunday  Morning,  April  6th,  1862.  . . .     117 
Pittsburg  Landing — Retreat  of  Dresser's   Battery, 

Captain  Tiniony,  April  6th,  1862 Ill 

Pittsburg  Landing — The  Recapture  of  Artillery  by 
the  First  Ohio  and  other  Regiments,  under  Gen 
eral  Rousseau,  April  7th,  1862 11(1 

Resaca,  Ga. ,  May  14th ,  1 864— Geary's  Brigade  Charg 
ing  up  the  Mountain 436 

Rich    Mountain,    Beverly    Pike,    Va. ,    July    llth, 

1861 40,       41 

Rich  Mountain,  Va.,  July  12th,   1861— Thirteenth 

Indiana  Regiment  Capturing  a  Gun 90 

Roauoke  Island,  February  8th,  1862 — Decisive  Bay 
onet  Charge  of  the  Hawkins  Zouaves 120,  121 

Savage's  Station,  June  28th,  1862 226 

Secessiouville,  James  Island,  S.  C.  —  Bayonet  Charge 

of  Federal  Troops,  June  16th,  1862 222 

Shiloh,  or  Pittsburg   Lauding  —  Colonel   Johnson 

Endeavoring  to  Capture  a  Confederate  Officer     151 
Shiloh,  or  Pittsburg  Lauding — The  Woods  on  Fire 

during  the  Engagement  of  April  6th,  1862. .  .     165 

Stone  River,  Teim,  January  2d,  1863 317 

Stone  River,  Tenn. — The  Decisive  Charge  of  Gen 
eral  Negley's  Division  across  the  River. .  .  .312,     313 
White  Oak  Swamp  Bridge.  June  30th,  1862—  Ayres's, 
Mott's  and   Randall's   Batteries  Checking  the 

Advance  of  the  Confederates 248,     249 

Williamsburg,  Va. .  on  the  Peninsula  between  York 

and  James  Rivers,  May  6th,  1861 143 

Willis  Church,  June  30th,  1862  —  The  Federal 
Forces,  under  General  Heintzelinan,  Engaged 
with  the  Enemy 206 


31 
71 


181 


51 
30(5 


127 


187 


42!) 


297 


17!) 


441 


208 


1(52 


BaMea— Continued : 

Wilson's  Creek,  near  Springfield,  Mo.,  between  5,500 
Union  Troops,  under  Generals  Lyon  and  Sigel, 
and  23,000  Confederates,  under  Generals  Mc- 

Culloch  and  Price,  August   10th,   1861 72, 

Wilson's  Creek  — Charge  of  the  First  Iowa  Regi 
ment,  under  General  Lyon 

Wilson's  Creek-Death   of  General  Nathaniel  Lyon 
Winchester,  Va.,  March  23d,  18(52— Decisive    Bay 
onet  Charge  of  the  Federal  Troops,  Led  by  Gen 
eral  Tyler 

Belleaire,  O.— Steamboats  Conveying  Troops  and  Muni 
tions  of  War  on  the  Great  Kanawha 

(Billy)  Wilson  Zouaves,  at  Tammany  Hall.  Taking  the 

Oath  of  Fidelity  to  the  Flag.  April  24th,  18(51 

Bird's-eye  View  of  Camp  Douglas.  Chicago,  111 

Bird's-eye    View    of    the     Burning    of    a     Confederate 
Schooner  in    Quantico    or    Dumfries    Creek,    Potn- 

mac  River,  on  the  Night  of  October  llth,  18(51 

Bivouac  of  the  Eleventh  Indiana  Volunteer  Regiment 

(Zouaves),  at  Cumberland.  Md 

Bivouac  of  the  Field  and  Staff  Officers  of  the  Twelfth 
Massachusetts   Regiment,  during  a  Stormy  Night, 

on  their  March  from  Hyattstown.  Md 

Blowing  out  the  Bulkhead  of  Dutch  Gap  Canal,  James 

River,  Va.,  January  1st,  1865 

Blowing  up  the  Confederate  Forts  on  Craney  Island  by 

Commodore  Goldsborough,  June  2d,  18(12..  .  .  17!) 

Bombardment  of  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  by  tin-  Army  of 

the  Potomac,  December  llth,  1862 2'.M5, 

Bombardment  of  Island   No.  10  and  the  Fortifications 

Opposite  on  the  Kentucky  Shore,  March  17th,  18(52 

Bombardment  of  Port  Hudson  by  Admiral  Karragut's 

1''lt'et 440, 

Bouquet   Battery,   Commanding   th<«   Viaduct   over  the 

Patapsco  River,  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad 

Burning  of  the  American  Merchantman  Iliinty  Birch, 
of  New  York,  in  the  British  Channel,  by  the  Con 
federate  Steamer  JYftx/irille,  November  17th,  1861.  . 
Burning   of  the  Confederate   Gunboats,  Rams,  etc.,  at 
New  Orleans  and  Algiers  on  the  Approach  of  the 

Federal  Fleet 1114 

Burning  of  the  Gunpowder  Creek  Railroad  Bridge,  on 

the  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore  Railroad 226 

Burning  of  the  United  States  Arsenal  at  Harper's  Ferry, 

April  18th,  1861 50 

Burning  of  the  White  House— The  Federal  Troops,  by 
Command  of  General  McClellau,  Abandoning  their 
Position  at  the  White  House,  and  Breaking  up  the 
Commissariat  Depot  on  the  Pamunkey  River,  June 

26th,  1862 193 

Burnside's  Expedition : 

Melancholy  Death  of  Colonel  J.  W.  Allen,  Surgeon 
Waller  and  the  Second  Mate  of  the  Ann  K. 
Thompson,  on  January  15th,  1862,  near  Hat 
teras  Inlet 122 

The  Fleet  and  Transports  off  Hatteras  during  the 

Storm — The  General  Giving  Orders 171 

Butchering  and  Dressing  Cattle  for  Distribution  to  (he 

Federal  Army 331 


C. 

Campaign  in  Georgia : 

A  Baggage  Train  Crossing  the  Mountains  in  a  Storm 
Federal  Troops  Foraging  near  Warsaw  Sound 

Campaign  in  Kentucky — Federal  Troops,  under  General 
Johnson,  Advancing  on  the  Nashville  and  Louisville 
Turnpike 284 

Campaign  on  the  James  River— General  Butler  Landing; 

at  Fort  Powhatan 435 

Camp  Corcoran,  on  Arlington  Heights,  Va 27 

Camp  Deuuison,  on  the  Banks  of  the  Miami  River. . . .        i',)4 

Camp  Life  in  the  West 

Camn  Lillie,  Headquarters  of  General  Fremont,  Jeffer 
son  Cily,  Mo 

Camp  of  the  Garibaldi  Guards,  near  Roche's  Mills.  Va. 

Camp  of  the  Ninth  Massachusetts  Regiment  in  the 
Woods,  One  Mile  from  the  Confederate  Fortifica 
tions,  Y'orktown 215 

Camp   Princeton,   Va. ,  the    Headquarters    of   General 

Runyon's  New  Jersey  Brigade 192 

Camp  Wool.  Two  Miles  from  Fort  Clark.  Hatteras  Isl 
and.  Occupied  by  Hawkins's  Zouaves  in  18(51  ....  259 

Camp   Zagonyi — Encampment   of   Fremont's  Army  on 

the  Prairie,  near  Wheatland,  Mo 244 


439 
459 


256 


r"     Battles  not  found  in  index  under  B,  see  War  in  different  States. 


INDEX     TO    ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Cap.'  Girarde.m.  Mo.,  an   Im--...ant  Strategic   Position 

on  the  Mississippi  Kiver 

Captain  Muller's  Battery  Company  of  the  Seventy- 
seventh  Pennsylvania  Rcgimeut  Making  Fascines 

and  Gabions  for  Breastworks 172 

Captain  Knapp's    Battery  Engaging  the  Confederates  at 

the  Battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  August  9th,  1862. . .      1  (3 
Capture  of  Arkansas   Post,  Ark.-General  Stephen  G. 
Burbridge  Planting  the  Stars  aud   Stripes  on  Fort 

Hiudmau.  January  llth,  1863 

Capture  of  the  Anglo-Confederate  Steamer  Arie»  off 
Bull's  Bay,  near  Charleston,  S.  C.,  by  the  United 

States  Gunboat  Stettin 354 

Capture  of  the   British    Steamer    Amu-  by  the   United 

States  Gunboat  KiiiKiirhn,  June   28th.  1862 333 

Capture  of  the  Propeller  Funny  iu  Pauilico  Sound  by 

Three  Confederate   Steamers 68 

Capture  of  the  United  States  Mail  Steamer  Ariel.  Cap 
tain  Jones,  off  the  East  End  of  Cuba,  by  the  .1  Mxima 

("  290"),  Captain  Semmes.  December  7th.  1862 330 

Carlisle,  Pa..  Showing  General  Sriith's  Headquarters 
aud  the  Barracks  Destroyed  by  General  W.  II.  F. 

Lee .' '. 306 

Cavalry  Skirmishers  Advancing  on  the  Confederate  Po 
sition  iu  the  Pass  of  the  Blue  Ridge 482 

Centreville.  Va.,  with  the  Battlefield  of  Bull  Run.  Bull 
Run  Mountains,  Thoroughfare  Gap  aud  the  Blue 

Ridge  in  the    Distance 366 

Charleston   Harlxir   during   the    Bombardment   of  Fort 

Sumter 42 

City  of  Fredericksburg,  Va..  from  the  North  Side  of  the 

Rappahannock 154 

Colonel  I,ewis  Wallace,  of  the  Eleventh  Indiana  Volun 
teers  (/ouavesi,  and  his  Staff,  on  Service  iu  West 
ern  Virginia  00 

Colonel  Pilson's  Battery  Shelling  the  Rear  Guard  of  (he 
Confederate  General  Jackson's  Army,  at  the  Cross 
ing  of  the  Sheiiandoah  River.  June  :td.  1862 203 

Commissariat    Depot  of  the   United   States  Army  of  the 

Rappahannock,  at  Manassas,  Va 

Confederate  Army,  under  Early.  Surpris'iig  the  Federal 

Forces  at  Cedar  ( 'reek 

Confederate  Batteries  Shelling  the  Federal  Position  on 
the  Night  of  the  Battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  August 

9th.  18112 I  M> 

Confederate  Cavalry  Attacking  a   Federal  Supply  Train 

near  Jasper.  Tenn 3H.'t 

Confederate    Cavalry    Driving    Stragglers  and   Skulkers 

Back  to  their   Duty  at   fhe    Battle  of  Antietam.  .  .  .      295 
Confederate   Forces  under  General  Jackson  Advancing 
upon  the  Kappahannock  Station  at  the  Kiver  -  Fed 
eral  Batteries  Replying  to  the  Confederate  Artillery.      237 
Confederate    Invasion   of  Maryland   and    Pennsylvania, 

June   llth,  lxr,3 350 

Confederate  Ironclad  Ham  Itnirijin  Lying  off  Fort  Jack 
son,  Savannah  River,  (la  322 

Confederate  Position  at  Centreville.  Va. ,  at  the  Cross 
ing  of  the  Orange  and  Alexandria  Railway  over 

Bull   Run 284 

Confederate   Prisoners  Brought   in   after  the   Battle  of 

Chancellorsville 462 

Confederate  Privateer  Steamer  Alnhninti  ("290"),  Cap 
tain  Raphael  Semmes 287 

Confederate   Raid  into   Kentucky     Excitement  at   Cov- 

iugton 231 

Confederate  Raid  into  Kentucky  The  Fight  at  the  Lick 
ing  Bridge  between  the  Federal  Troops  and  the 

Morgan   Confederate   Guerrillas 231 

Confederate  Rams  from  Charleston  Harbor  Attacking 
the  Federal  Blockading  Squadron,  January  31st, 

1863 354 

Confederates   iu    Ambush    Firing   on   a    Reconnoitring 

Expedition  to  Oyster  Creek,  Roanoke  Island,  N.  C.     269 
Conrad's  Ferry,  Md.,  above   Harrison's  Island,  on  the 

Potomac  River 263 

Construction  of  Floating  Mortar  Batteries,  etc.,  Upper 

Ferry,  St.  Louis,  Mo 109 

Cooking  in  Camp- -The  Kitchen  of  the  Fremont  Dra 
goons  at  Tiptou,  Mo 139 

Crew  of  the  United  States  Gunboat  ilahnxkii  Destroying 
the  Water  Battery  Built  by  the  Confederates  at  West 

Point,  York  River 349 

Culpcper  Courthouse,  or  Fairfax,  Va 371 

Cumberland  Gap  and  Heights.  Teiin 372 

Cutting  the  LeveeH  near  the  State  Line  of  Louisiana  and 

Arkansas,  by  Order  of  General  Grant 386 

D. 

I ..  ,ith  of  Colonel  Baker  at  the  Battle  of  Ball's  Buff,  Va., 

October  21st,  1861 87 

Death  of  the  Confederate  General  /ollicoffer  in  the  Bat 
tle  of  Mill  Spring.  Ky.,  January  19th.  1862 103 

Delaware  Indians  Acting  as  Scouts  for  the  Federal  Army     257 

1 1,  parture  of  Colonel  Ellsworth's  /ouaves  from  New 
York  City,  Escorted  by  the  Fire  Department,  April 
21.'!)!.  1-61 212 

DeBjM'ratc  Kngagemeiit.  April  24th,  1MV2.  between  the 
United  States  (riinbont  \' urn  mi.  Commander  Boggs, 
and  the  Confederate  Steam  Ram./.  (!.  llreek-inriil'/i . 

•id  the  (iiinbont  florrrnor  Mi*trt Ill: 

II  in  I  to  hand  Combat  between  Federal  Cav 
alry  and  StiiTt's  Confederate  Troops,  at  Kelley's 
Ford,  on  the  Rappahannock.  Va  ,  March  17th.  1863  395 

Des]>crute  N.ual  Battle  between  the  Confederate  Iron 
clad  Ram  Arkiiimii*  and  the  Fed.  ral  Gunboat  Co- 
riiiiilrltt.  at  the  Mouth  of  the  Ya/.oo  River,  July 
15th.  1862 224 


Desperate  Skirmish  at  Old  Church,  near  Tuustall's  Sta 
tion,  Va.,  June  13th,  1862  -Death  of  tho  Confeder 
ate  Captain  Lataue 1"° 

Destruction  of  Guns  and  Gun  Carriages  at  the  Arsenal, 

Beaufort,  8.  C.,  November  14th,  1801 01 

Destruction  of  the  Confederate  Ironclad  Steamer  Merri- 

maf,  May  llth,  1862 2W 

Destruction  of  the  Famous  Confederate  Privateer  Jiuxtt- 

rillf  in  the  Ogecchec  River,  Ga.,  February  28th,  1863  -286 

Destruction  of  Railroad  Track  by  Federal  Troops. .  270 

Detachment  of  the  First  South  Carolina  "Colored" 
Federal  Volunteers  Picking  off  Confederate  Sharp 
shooters  Concealed  in  the  Trees  on  the  Banks  of 
the  Sapelo  River.  Ga 339 

Detachment  of  the  First  South  Carolina  (Colored)  Vol 
unteers  Repelling-  the  Attack  of  the  Confederates  in 
the  Vicinity  of  Dobny  River.  Ga 221 

Detachment  of  the  New  York  Rifles  Firing  upon  Com 
pany  B  of  the  Same  Regiment,  near  Willett's  Point, 
September  Oth.  1861 

Detachment  of  United  States  Sailors  Burning  the  Con 
traband  Vessel  Y»rk.  near  Beaufort,  N.  C.,  Janu- 
uary  23d.  1862 

Disabling  and  Capture  of  the  Federal  Gunboats  tfitrhem 
and  Clifton.  September  8th,  1863 

Discovery  of  a  Confederate  Battery  at  Messech's  Point. . 

Distributing  Rations  near  Warrenton.  Va 

Drurv's  Bluff,  a  Confederate  Position  on  the  James 

River,  near  Richmond.  Va 362 

Durvee  Zouaves  Carrying  the  Body  of  Lieutenant 

Greble  from  the  Field  at  Great  Bethel 71 


138 


253 

3S1 
123 
343 


E. 


i  if  Paducah, 

i.n  the 


103 


23 

101 


283 
242 

201 


45 


195 


Earthwork   Batteries  Surrounding  the  City 

Ky 

Edward's  Ferry,  Md.,  Below  Harrison's  Island, 

Potomac  River 

Effect  of  the  Gunboat  Shells  on  the  Confederates  in  the 

Woods.  Port  Royal,  S.  C..  January  1st,  1862 

Eleventh  Indiana  /ouaves  in  Camp  McGinnis,  after  the 

Battle   of    Romney 

Ellsworth  Chicago  /ouave  Cadets.  Group  of 

Ellsworth,  Colonel,  Murder  of.  at  the  Marshall  House, 

Alexandria,  Va.,  May  21th,  1861 

Embarking  Troops  and  Artillery  at  Bird's  Point.  Mo..  . 
Ennnittslinrg.    Md.     -General    Meade's  Army  Pursuing 

General  Lee 31'.* 

Encampment  of  Colonel  Ellsworth's  New  York  Fire  Xou- 

avcs.  Washington.  I).  C 204 

Encampment  of  Colonel   Max  Weber's  German  Turner 

Rifle   Regiment  at    Hampton   Creek.  Va 

Encampment  of  the  Federal  Army  near  Rolla.  Mo 

Encampment  of  the  First  Vermont  Regiment  at  New 
port  News.  Va 

Engagement  at  Bealington,  Va. ,  between  Ohio  and  In 
diana  Regiments  and  a  Detachment  of  Georgia 

Troops 

Engagement  at  Romney,  Va. ,  June  llth,  1861 196 

Engagement  between  the  Federal  Troops  and  the  Con 
federates  011  the  Virginia  Side  of  the  Potomac.  Oc 
tober  22d.  1861 

Enthusiasm  of  the  Northern  Armies — Re-enlisting  of  the 

Seventeenth  Army  Corps 389 

Erecting  Stockades  at  Newport  News,  Va 2x.> 

Escorting  Major  Taylor,  of  New  Orleans.  Bearer  of  a 
Flag  of  Truce,  Blindfolded,  to  the  Confederate 

Lines,   after  his    Unsuccessful    Mission 173 

Evacuation  of  Corinth,  Miss.  : 

Entry  of  Federal  Troops 128 

Pursuit  of  the  Retreating  Confederates  by  Federal 

Cavalry  under  General  Smith 126 

Expedition  to  Port  Royal : 

Camps  of  the  Eighth  Maine,  Third  New  Hampshire, 
Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth  New  York  Reg 
iments,  etc 

( lovernmcnt  Buildings  Erected  at  Hilton  Head.  S.  C. 
Explosion  of  a  Shell  in  the  Cutter  of  the  United  States 

Steamer  Xiagnra,  November  3d.  1861 48 

Explosion  of  3. (MM)  Musket  Cartridges  in  a  Tent  at  Fort 

Totten,  New  Berne,  N.  C 327 

Extempore  Musical  and  Terpsichorean  Entertainment  at 

the  United  States  Arsenal,  Baton  Rouge,  La 288 

Exterior  View  of  Fortifications  at  Hilton  Head,  Port 

Royal,  S.  C 300 

F. 

Falmouth,  Va.,  on  the  Rappahanuock.  Headquarters  of 

General  Burnside 349 

Farragut's  Naval  Victory  iu  Mobile  Harbor 435 

Federal   Army,  under  General   Pope,   Landing  on  the 

Kentucky  Shore,  April  1st,  1862 338 

Federal  Artillery  Taking  up  Position   at  the   Battle  of 

South  Mountain 279 

Federal  Baggage  Traiu  on  its  Way  to  the  Army  at  Fal 
mouth.  Va 272 

Federal  Cavalry  Covering  the  Escape  of  Federal  Pris 
oners  from  Libby  Prison.  Richmond,  Va 388 

Federal  Cavalry  Leaders  Making  a  Reconuoissance  near 

Fredericksburg.  Va 311 

Federal  Hill.  Baltimore.  Occupied  by  Federal  Troops.        290 

Federal  Kitchen  on  the  March  to  Fredericksburg 172 

Federal  Siege  Works  on  Rogue  Island.  N.  C 355 

Federal  Signal  Station  on  Londoun  Heights,  Harper's 

Ferry 402 

Federal  Soldiers  Shootini;  Cattle 331 

Federal  Troops  Building  a  Itoad  across  Low  Island,  iu 

the  Ohio  River,  Opposite  Paducah,  Ky 90 


221 
220 


PAOB 

Federal  Troops  Driving  the  Confederates  across  the  Po- 
cotaligo  liruige,  near  tlie  v  narlestou  and  Savannah 

Railroad,  October  22d,  1862 270 

Federal  Troops  Lauding  on  the  Kentucky  Shore  Oppo 
site  Cairo 94 

Federal  Troops   Marching   Back  to  Falwouth  after  the 

Battle  of   Chaucellorsville 332 

Federal  Troops  Marching  through  Second  Street,  New 

Feruaudiua,   Fla 235 

Federal  Volunteers  Crossing  from  Cincinnati  to  Coving- 
ton  on  a  Bridge  of  Coal  Boats,  September  5th,  1862  292 

Fight  at  Philippi,  Va.,  June  3d,  1861 53 

Fire  Raft  Sent  Down  from  Fort  Jackson  to  Destroy  the 

Federal  Fleet  below  the  Fort 166 

Firiug  on  the  Schooner  tfhtinniin  from  the  Battery  on 
Morris  Island.  Charleston  Harbor.  S.  C.,  April  3d, 

18(11 :«'7 

First  and  Last  Review  of  the  First  Regiment.  South 
Carolina  Negro  Volunteers,  on  Hilton  Head,  S.  C., 

June  25th.  1862 174 

First  Charge  of  Fremont's  Bodyguard,  at  Springfield. 

Mo..  October    25th,  1861 •r>8 

First  Division  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  Entering  Bal 
timore  Harbor.  May  15th.  1861 135 

First  Naval  Battle  in  Hampton  Roads,  between  the  Con 
federate  Iron-plated  Steamers  Merrimar.  Y<irkt'>irn 
and  Jamf»t»irn.  and  the  Federal  Wooden  Sailing 
Frigates  Cumberland  and  Con-gre**,  March  8th, 

1862 1HK 

Flag  of  Truce  from  the  Confederates  for  a  Suspension 

of  Firing,  to   Bury  their   Dead.  at.  Port  Royal,  S.  C.      482 
Fording  of  the  Osage  River  at  Warsaw,  Mo.,  by  the  Fre 
mont  Hussars,  October  18th.  1861 75 

Forging  Ironwork  for  Gun  Carriages  at  the  Watervliet 

Arsenal.  West  Troy.  N.  Y 78 

Fort    Built  around   the   Officers'   Quarters  of  the  First 

Minnesota  Regiment,  near  Fair  Oaks,  Va 202 

Fortifications  Erected  by  the  Federal  Troops  at  Bird's 

Point,  Mo 268 

Forts : 

Beauregard,  on   Bay  Point,   Opposite   Port  Royal, 

S.  C.    -Interior   View 124 

Castle  Pinckney.  Charleston  Harbor.  S.C..  1861.  .24,       25 
Calhoun,  on  the  Ripraps,  in  Hampton  Roads,  Va.  .      370 

Clinch,  on  Amelia  Island.  Fla. —Interior  View 291 

De  Russy.  La.  —  Capture  of.  March  14th.  18(14.   by 

the  Federal  Forces 309 

Douelsou,  Capture  of  — Charge  of  the  Eighth  Mis 
souri  Regiment  and  the  Eleventh  Indiana  Zou 
aves.  February  15th.  1862 85 

Feuwick's  Island.  South  Edisto  River.  S.  C 355 

Heurv,  Tennessee  River,  Tenn..  Bombardment  of, 

February  6th,  1862 252 

Henry,  Bombardment  of — Interior  View  -  Bursting 

of  a  42-pounder  Gun 152,     153 

Lafayette,  New  York  Harbor— Lauding  State  Pris 
oners  in  1861 251 

Macon.  Ga.,  Surrender  of.  April  26th.  1862 266,      267 

McAllister.  Ogeechco  River.  Ga.,  Bombardment  of, 

March  5th.  1863 364 

Moultrie,  Bombardment  of 382 

Moultrie,  Spiking  the  (inns  of,  by  Major  Anderson, 

before  its  Evacuation,  December  26th,  I860.  .  .        55 
Norfolk,   Old,   Built   by  the   Federal   Government, 
but  Altered  and  Strengthened  by  the  Confed 
erates  105 

Pulaski,  at  the  Entrance  of  the  Savannah  River,  Ga.     140 

Pulaski,  Bombardment  of,  April  llth,  1862 141 

Sumter,  Charleston  Harbor,  S.  C 24,       25 

Taylor,  Key  West,  Fla 322 

Pickens,  on  Santa  Rosa  Island,  Fla 55 

Thompson,  near  New  Berne,  on  the  Neuse  River — 
Bombardment  and  Capture  of,  March  14th, 

1862 269 

Vulcan,  Jones's  Island,  Savannah  River,  Ga 339 

Walker.  Port  Royal  Harbor,  S.  C.— View  of  the  In 
terior  during  the  Bombardment  by  the  Vessels 

of  the  Federal  Fleet.  November  7th,  1861 69 

Frederickslmrg,  Va..  and  the  Confederate  Batteries  and 

Pickets,  as  Seen  from  Falmouth  Heights 348 

'•  Fresh  Bread  I" — Impromptu  Oven  Built  by  the  Nine 
teenth  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers 263 

Front  Royal,  Manas!- as  Gap  Railroad.  Blue  Ridge  Mount 
ains  in  the  Distance— The  Federal  Army  Entering 

the  Town 14£ 

Funeral  Cortege,  at  Boston,  Mass. ,  of  the  Sixth  Massa 
chusetts  Soldiers  Killed  at  Baltimore 55 


G. 

Gallant  Attack  by  One  Hundred  and  Fifty  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  Bncktails.  Led  by  Colonel  Kane,  upon  a 
Portion  of  General  Stonewall  Jackson's  Confederate 
Army,  near  Harrisburg,  June  6th,  1862 184,  185 

Gallant  Charge  of  the  Sixth  Michigan  Cavalry,  near 

Falling  Waters,  Md.,  July  14th,  1862 395 

Gallant  Charge  of  the  Sixth  Regiment,  United  States 
Regular  Cavalry,  upon  the  Confederate  Stuart's 
Cavalry.  May  9th.  1862 155 

Gallant  Charge  on  the  Outworks  of  Fort  Donelson,  Feb 
ruary  13th,  1862 136,  137 

Gathering  Confederate  Onts— an  Incidi  nt  in  the  March 

of  General  Prentiss's  Division 106 

Gathering  of  Fremont's  Troops  on  the  Prairie  near  Tip- 
ton,  Mo.,  on  the  Eve  of  Departure  in  Pursuit  of 
General  Price 25S 

General  Asboth  and  Staff  at  the  Battle  of  Pea  Ridge. 

Ark.,  March  6Ui  and  8th,  1862 11.) 


INDEX     TO    ILLUSTRATIONS. 


xi 


Genera)  Banks's  Division  Kecrossing  tlie  Potomac  from 
Williamsport,  Md.,  to  Attack  the  Confederate  Army 
under  General  Jackson 149 

General  Bauks's  Headquarters  near  Edward's  Ferry,  Md.     259 

General  Fremont's  Army  on  its  March  from  Tipton  to 

Warsaw  over  the  Prairies  to  Haw  Creek 75 

General  Fremont's  Division  Crossing  the  Pontoon  Bridge 
over  the  Shenandoah  River  in  Pursuit  of  the  Con 
federate  General  JacLson  ami  his  Army 186 

General  Hooker's  Headquarters,  Chnncelloreville 325 

General  McClellan  and  the  Federal  Troops  Passing 
through  Frederick  City,  Md.,  in  Pursuit  of  the 
Confederate  Army,  September  lath,  18fi2 239 

General  McGowen  Addressing  the  Thirty-fifth  Abbeville 

(S.  C.)  Volunteers  in  Front  of  the  Charleston  Hotel       37 

General  McPherson  Entering  Clinton,  Mississippi 391 

General    Rosecraus   Surrounded    by  his   Staff  at  their 

Headquarters,  Clarksburg,  Va 156 

General  Schenck,  with  Four  Companies  of  the  First 
Ohio  Regiment,  Fired  into  by  a  Confederate  Masked 
Battery,  near  Vienna,  Va. ,  June  17th.  18(51 29 

General  Stevens's  Brigade  Entering  Beaufort,  S.  C 70 

General  View  of  Columbus,  Ky.,  and  its  Fortifications.  .      275 

General  View  of  Forts  Hatteras  and  Clark,  N.  C 190 

Going  into  Camp  at  Stafford's  Store,  Va 341 

Gordon's  and  Crawford's  Brigades  Driving  the  Confed 
erate  Forces  from  the  Woods  at  the  Battle  of  Cedar 
Mountain.  August  9th,  1862 175 

Government  Buildings  for  "Contrabands"  Erected  at 

Hilton  Head,  S.  C 304 

Grafton,   Western   Virginia,   Occupied   by  the   Federal 

Troops  under  the  Command  of  General  McClellau     205 

Grand  Eeview  in  Washington  by  President  Lincoln, 
General  McClellan  and  a  Portion  of  the  Cabinet, 
September  24th,  18G1 88,  89 

Grand  Review  of  General  Thomas's  Brigade  by  Major 

General  Bunks  and  Staff 03 

"  Grand  Skedaddle  "  of  the  Inhabitants  from  Charles 
ton,  S.C 302 

Grant's  Campaign  in  Virginia : 

Battle  of  Bethesda  Church,  May  3(>th,  1804 1113 

Battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  June  1st.  181', I 387 

Repulse  of  Lee's  Night  Attack  on  Smith's  Brigade, 

Hancock's  Corps.  June  3d,  18(54 472,     473 

Great  Bakery  for  the  "United  States  Army  at  the  Capitol, 

Washington.  D.  C 107 

Great  Naval  Battle  on  the  Mississippi : 

First  Day's  Bombardment 132 

Passage    of   the    Second    Division   of   the    Federal 

Squadron  Past  Fort  St.  Philip,  April  24th,  1802     133 

Group  of  Confederate  Prisoners  Captured  at  Fort  Don- 

elson 1^7 

Gunboat   and    Mortar-boat    Attack   on    Island    No.    10, 

March    l(5th,   18(52 17* 

H. 

Harbor  of  Charleston,  S.  C.  : 

Fort  Moultrie,  on  Sullivan's  Island 300 

Fort  Pinckney 301 

Harrison's  Landing,  James  Rivor,  Va. ,  Occupied  by  the 

Federal  Army,  July  1st.  1862  323 

Headquarters  of  General  Butterfield,  near  Harrison's 

Landing.  James  River.  Va '237 

Headquarters  of  the  Federal  Army  near  Vicksburg 277 

Headquarters  of  Vincent  Collyer.  Superintendent  of  the 

Poor  at  New  Berne,  N.  C 9(1 

Heroic  Conduct  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Morrison 209 

Horseshoeing  in  the  Army 400 

Howlett's  Confederate  Battery  on  the  James  River,  Va.  427 
How  the  Daughters  of  Maryland  Received  the  Sons  of 

the  North  as  they  Marched  against  the  Confederate 

Invaders 458 

Humors  of  a  Prison— Scene  in  a  Station-house  Cell, 

Washington,   D^C 183 

I. 

Incident  in  the  March  of  General  Bauks's  Division  dur 
ing  a  Storm  in  Western  Maryland 183 

Infernal  Machine  Designed  by  the  Confederates  to  De 
stroy  the  Federal  Flotilla  in  the  Potomac 1G3 

Interior  of  the  Outbuilding  Attached  to  Marshal  Kane's 
Police  Headquarters,  Holliday  Street,  Baltimore — 
Discovery  of  Cannon,  Muskets  and  Ammunition  In 
tended  for  the  Service  of  the  Secessionists 

Interior  of  the  Principal  Confederate  Fortifications  near 
New  Berne,  N.  C 

lu  the  Shenandoah  Valley  : 

General  Fremont's  Division  Marching  through  the 

Woods  to  Attack  the  Confederates 215 

Mount  Jackson,  General  Fremont's  Headquarters.  .     220 

Invasion  of  Maryland  : 

Citizens  of  Baltimore  Barricading  the  Streets 469 

General  Kilpatrick  Repulsing  the  Confederate  Stu 
art  at  Boonsborough 394 

Invasion  of  Pennsylvania : 

Battle  of  Gettysburg,  July  3d,  18(53 468 

Working   on   the    Fortifications   near   Harrisburg, 

June  16th,  1803 411 

Investment  of  Fort  Hindman.  Arkansas  Post.  Ark.,  Jan 
uary  llth.  18(53 340 

Ironclad  Weeliawken  Returning  to  Fire  a  Parting  Shot 
at  Fort  Sumter,  after  the  Bombardment,  April  7th, 
1863 460 

J. 

Jefferson  City.  Capital  of  Missouri — Arrival  of  General 

Fremont's  Division 258 


K. 

Kelley's  Ford,  on  the  Rappahauuock 401 

Klliug's  Cave,  on  the  Banks  of  the  Potomac,  near 
Sharpsburg,  the  Place  of  Refuge  of  Many  Citizens 
during  the  Battle  of  Autietam. 207 

L. 

Lake  Providence,  La.,  Headquarters  of  General  Mc 
Pherson  315 

Lauding  of  Captain  Bailey  and  Lieutenant  Perkins  on 
the  Levee,  New  Orleans,  La.,  with  a  Flag  of  Truce  to 
Demand  the  Surrender  of  the  City 129 

Lauding  of  Federal  Troops  at  Parkersburg,  Western 

Virginia 238 

Lauding  of  United  States  Troops  at  Fort  Walker,  after 

the  Bombardment,  November  7th,  1801 03 

Laud  Practice  of  Sailors  with  the  Dahlgren  Howit/or 

Boat  Gun 208 

Lee's  Army  Crossing  the  Potomac  at  Williamsport,  after 

the  Invasion  of  Maryland 397 

Lieutenant  J.  H.  Raymond  Capturing  the  Confederate 
Flag  from  the  Burning  Confederate  Steamer 
Funny,  February  llth.  1802 391 

Lieutenant  Tillotsou's  Naval  Battery  of  Boat  Howitzers 

at  the  Battle  of  New  Berne,  N.  C 107 

Lieutenant  Tompkins,  at  the  Head  of  Company  B,  United 
States  Dragoons,  Charging  into  the  Town  of  Fair- 
fnx  Courthouse,  in  the  Face  of  1,500  Confederate 
Troops,  June  1st,  1801 26 

Lighthouse,  Jupiter  Inlet,  East  Coast  of  Florida 380 

Lighthouse,  Tampa  Bay,  West  Coast  of  Florida 387 

Loading  a  15-inch  Gun 450 

Locomotives  Built  at  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  by  the  Federal 

Soldiers 369 

Loss  of  the  MutMur- • -Gallant  Attempt  to  Rescue  the 
Crew  off  Cape  Hatteras.  at  Midnight,  December 
30th,  1802 122 

Loudouu  Heights.  Va. ,  Showing  Harper's  Ferry,  Mary- 
laud  Heights,  Bolivar,  etc 373 

M. 

Major    General    Bnrnsidi"    Assuming  Command    of    the 

Army  of  the  Potomac 204,     205 

Manassas  Junction.  Showing  the  Evacuated  Confederate 

Fortifications 157 

Maps  : 

Battlefield  of  Belmont,  Mo 444 

Fort  Pulaski,  Ga.,  with  the  Positions  of  the  Fed 
eral  Batteries  on  Tybee  Island 445 

Harbor  and  City  of  Charleston.  S.  C 444 

Hilton  Head  Island.  Showing  the  Topography 411 

Pensacola  Bay,  Fla.,  Showing  the  Situation  of  the 
United  States  Navy  Yard,  Fort  Pickeus.  Fort 
Me  Rue,  Water  Battery  and  Fort  San  Carlos  de 

Barrancas 445 

I'ittsburg   Landing— Plan    of   the    Defense   at   the 

Peach   Orchard 445 

I'ittsburg  Lauding — Plan  Showing  the  Positions  of 

the  Forces  during  the.  Great  Artillery  Fight.  .  .  .     445 

Plan  of  the  Battle  of  Great  Bethel 445 

Roanoke  Island  and  Croatan  and  Roauoke  Sounds     444 

Seat  of  War  in  Virginia 445 

Southern  Coast  of  the  United  States  from  Pensa 
cola  to  New  Orleans 441 

Martin's  Massachusetts  Battery  C  Opening  Fire  on  the 
Confederate  Fortifications  Commanding  the  Ap 
proaches  to  Yorktown,  April  5th.  1862 171 

Masquerade  of  War — Ingenious  Method  of  Disguising 
the  Masts  and  Hulls  of  Commodore  Porter's  Mor 
tar  Flotilla 274 

Military  Authorities   at  Washington,  D.  C.,  Examining 

Passes  in  1801 199 

Morning  Detail  of  the  Fourth  New  Hampshire  Volun 
teers  Going  to  Work  on  the  Hilton  Head  Forti 
fications 66 

Morning  Mustering  of  the  "  Contrabands  "  at  Fortress 

Monroe 64 

Mortar  Practice  : 

Rear  View  of  13-inch  Mortar 218 

13-inch  Shell  Mortar,  as  Used  by  the  Federal  Gov 
ernment '218 

Mouth  of  the  Y'azoo  River,  Miss.,  with  the  Union  Flo 
tilla  308 

Movement    of   Troops   from    the    Collins   Line   Dock, 

Canal  Street,  New  York 33 

Mule  Corral  at  Pittsburg  Lauding 466 

N. 

Naval  Action  off  the  Mouth  of  the  Pass  a  1'Outre,  New 

Orleans.  January  1st,  1862 282 

Naval  Brigade  Constructing  the  Main  Battery  on  Shut 
ter's  Hill,  to  Guard  Alexandria,  Va 115 

Naval  Hospital  and  Battery  at  Portsmouth,  Va 189 

Naval  Practice  Battery,  Washington.  D.  C 146 

Negro  Drivers  Watering  Mules  in  the  Rappahannock. .  161 

New  Berne,  N.  C 108,  223 

New  General  Hospital,  Hilton  Head,  S.  C.,  Exterior  and 

Interior 309 

New   Jersey  Troops  Crossing  the  Chesapeake   Bay,  on 

their  Way  to  Washington.  May  4th,  1801 188 

New   Year's  Day  Contraband   Ball   at  Vicksburg,  Miss.  337 
Night  Attack  on  the  Federal  Forces  under  Major  Boweu, 

Occupying  Salem,  Mo.,  December  8th,  1861 82 

Night  Expedition  to  Island  No.  10,  April  2d.  1802 100 

North  Battery  of  the  Confederates   at   Shipping  Point, 

on  the  Potomac 64 


o. 

Occupation  of  Norfolk,  Va. ,  by  the   Federal    Troops — 

View  of  the  City — Federal  Vessels  at  Anchor 210 

Old  Flag  Again  on  Sumter — Raised  on  a  Temporary  Staff 

Formed  of  an  Oar  and  Boathook 496 

Old  Harrison  Mansion,  Harrison's  Landing,  Va.,  the 

Birthplace  of  President  William  Henry  Harrison. . .  375 
Operations  near  Washington — Scene  of  the  Fight  in 

Front  of  Fort  Stevens,  July  12th-13th,  1864 414 

Ordnance  Armory,  Charleston,  S.  C 79 

P. 

Panoramic  View  of  the  Federal  Fleet  Passing  the  Forts 

of  the  Mississippi,  April  19th.  18152 

Paris,  Capital  of  Bourbon   County,   Ky.,  Occupied   by 

Morgan's  Guerrillas  in  1862 

Passage  down  the  Ohio  River  of  General  Negley's  Penn 
sylvania  Brigade 

Passage   of  the  Rappahannock  by  the  Grand  Army  of 

the  Potomac,  December  10th,  1862 

Plantation  Police,  or  Home  Guard 

Pontoon  Bridge  "  On  the  March  " 

Portraits  : 

Aldeu,  Rear  Admiral  .Tames 

Anderson,  Major  Robert 

Arthur,  General  Chester  A 

Augur,  General  Christopher  C 

Averill,  General  W.  W 

Baker,  Colonel  E.  I) 

Baker,  General  Lafayette  C 

Barlow,  General  Francis  C 

Bayard,  General  George  D 

Beauregard,  General    P.  G.  T 

Benham,  General  Henry  W 

Berry,  General  Hiram  G 

Blenker,  General  Louis 

Braunan,  General  John  M 

Buell,  Major  General  Don  Carlos 

Buford,  General  John 

Butler,  General  Benjamin  F 

Canby,  General  Edward  R.  S 

Corcoran,  General  Michael 

Couch ,  General  1  )arius  H 

Crittenden,  General  Thomas  L 

Crook,  General  George 

Cross,  Colonel  E.  E 

Cullum ,  General  George  W 

Custer,  General  George  A 

Dahlgren.  Colonel  IJlric 

Davis,  Jefferson 

Dix,  General  John  A 

Dupout,  Admiral  Samuel  F 

Ellsworth,  Colonel  Elmer  E 

Ewell,  General  Richard  S 

Farragut,  Admiral  David  G 

Ferrero,  General  Edward 

Foster,  General  John  G 

Franklin,  General  William  B 

Garfield,  General  James  A 

Gorman,  General  Willis  A   

Granger,  General  Gordon 

Grant,  General  U.  S 

Gresham,  General  Walter  Q 

Grierson,  General  Benjamin  H 

Grover,  General  Cuvier 

Hancock,  General  Winfield  Scott 

Haruey,  General  William  S 

Harrison,  General  Benjamin 

Hayes,  General  Rutherford  B 

Hooker,  General  Joseph 

Howard,  General  Oliver  0 

Hunter,  General  David 

Jackson,  General  Thomas  J.  (Stonewall) 

Kilpatrick,  General  Judson 

King,  General  Rufus 

Lee,  General  Robert  E 

Lincoln,  Abraham 

Logan,  General  John  A 

Lyon,  General  Nathaniel 

Mansfield,  General  J.  K.  F 

McClellau,  Major  General  George  B 

McCulloch,  General  Ben 

McDowell,  Major  General  Irwiu 

McPherson,  General  James  B 

Meade,  General  George  G 

Milroy,  General  Robert  H 

Mitchel,  General  Ormsby  MacKuight 

Morgan,  General  George  W 

Morgan,  General  John  H 

Myer,  General  Albert  J 

Negley,  Brigadier  General  J.  S 

Oglesby,  General  Richard  J 

Ord,  General  Edward  O.  C 

Patterson,  General  Robert   

Peabody ,  Colonel  Everett 

Peck,  General  John  James 

Pleasonton,  General  Alfred 

Pope,  General  John 

Porter,  Admiral  Dnvid  D 

Porter,  General  Fitzjohu 

Ransom,  General  T.  E. . .". 

Reno,  General  Jesse  L 

Reynolds,  General  John  Fulton 

Rosecrans,  General  W.  S 

Rusk.  General  Jeremiah  M 

Schofield.  General  John  M 

Scott,  Lieutenant  General  Wiufield 


210 
338 
32 

271 
336 
343 

358 
38 

304 

262 

104 
87 

385 

294 

202 
38 

390 

202 
70 

240 
54 

278 

214 

374 

198 

10-.' 

278 

214 

1(14 

310 

182 

182 
81 

113 

481 
23 

400 

321 

198 

278 

405 

241 

102 

104 

170 

384 

410 

390 

145 
70 

417 

240 

305 
342 
230 

406 
164 
374 
80 
17 
150 
86 
86 
49 
86 
54 
150 
150 
262 
246 
278 
406 
353 
54 
214 
294 
326 
118 
310 
230 
342 
144 
246 
230 
246 
134 
54 
390 
118 
22 


XII 


TNDKX     T(  ?     //,  L  US  TRA  TIONS. 


Portraits — Continued : 

Sedgwirk.  ( i.  neral   John I'M 

Shftrpe,  General  George  H 294 

Shepley,  General  George  F 102 

Sheridan.  General  Philip  H 112 

Sherman,  General  William  Tecumseh 31) 

Shields,  General  James 118 

Sickles,  General  Daniel  E US 

8igel,  General  Franz 80 

Sprague,  General  J.I' 182 

Stoni'iimn,  General  George 326 

Stringham,  Hear  Admiral  Silas  H 273 

Strong,  General  George  C 134 

Sturgis   General  Samuel  D 102 

Snmner,  General  .  ..1  \\  in  V 358 

Sykes,  General  George 198 

'riioin.is.  General  George  H 150 

Thomas.  General  Lorenzo 182 

Totten,  General  Joseph  G 214 

Tyler,  General  Daniel 374 

Wallace,  General  Lewis l'.)8 

Ward,  General  J.  H.  Hobart 3i>8 

Warren,  General  Gouvertieur  K 310 

Webb,  General  Alexander  S 2SO 

Weitzel,  General  Godfrey. ...    134 

Wilkes,  Rear  Admiral  Charles 320 

Wiuslow,  Rear  Admiral  John  A 342 

Wool,  General  Johii  E 140 

Practicing  with  the  Celebrated   Sawyer  Gun  tit    Scwcll's 

Point,  near  Norfolk.  Va 250 

Presentation  of  Colors   to  the  Twontiiith  United  States 

Colored  Infantry.  March  5th,  1804 3'.W 

President  Lincoln  Reviewing  the  Federal  Army  on  Tiles- 
day,   July    Hth,    1802,    nunr    Harrison's     Landing, 

Va 230 

R. 

Ruid   in   Kentucky — The  Confederate  Morgan  with  liis 

Gnerrilliw  Bivouacking  in  Courthouse  Square,  Paris     :U  1 

Railroad  Battery  Proteetiu     Workmen '7 

Rebuilding   Railroad  Bridge  over  (he   Rappalianndtfk  to 

Frederioksburg 

Reee])tion  by  the  People  of  New  York  of  the  Slity-niilth 

Regiment,  on  tlieir  Return  from  the  Seat  of  War   . 

Reception    of    Brigadier    General    Corcoran,    at    Castle 

Garden.  Aiif-u.it    22.1,  1802 

Heeeptiou  of  Wounded  Soldiers  by  the  Federal  Authur- 

ities  at  Fortress  Monroe.  Va 

ReConnoissance  by  Colonel  Max  Weber's  Turner  Rifles. 

in  the  Vicinity  of  Newmarket  Bridge.  ^  a 

Beconnolssance  in  Force,  by  General  Grant  toward  Co 
lumbus,  Ky 

Reconnoissaiice  in  the  (treat  Ogeechee  Kiver,  (la..  .Jan 
uary  27th,  IHIi:) 

Reconuoiss&nce   of  the    Confederate  Position  at    Stras- 

burg,  Va 

Rcconnoissanee  of  Warsaw  Sound,  December  5th,  18111 
Reconnoitring  Detachment  of  General  Hanks'*  Cavalrv. 

Hyattstown.  Md..  in  the  Distance 251 

Recruiting  for  Hawkins's  New  York  /ouaves 78 

Recruiting  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  for  the  Bucktail  Penn 
sylvania  Regiment,  August,  1K02 375 

Re-enforcements  for   Grant's  Army  Leaving  Memphis, 

Teun 378 

Refugees  from  Sinitliern  Missouri  Rncamped  near  Rolla..       00 

RrmaiuH  of  a  Confederate  Camp  at  M.tnassas 152 

Removing  Sunken  Schooners  from  Core  Hmtnd.  N.  C  .  234 
Repulse  of  the  Confederates  at  James  Island,  near 

Charleston,  H.  C.,  June  10th,  18C2 227 

Rescue  of  Major  Reynolds'.?  Battalion  of  Marines  from 

the  Foundering  Steamer  (rarrrnnf 48 

Retreat  of  Confederate  Garrison  frotn  Fort  Walker. .  101.  105 
Kftreat  of  the  Federal  Troops  frolll  the  Virginia  Mlwre 

on  the  Night  of  October  2!)i1,  1WU 213 

Ueturn  of  a  Foraging  Party  with  their  Spoils 280 

Return  of  Wonuded  Soldiers  of  the  Federal  Army  Capt 
ured  at  Hull  Run 

Review  of  the  Clinch   Rifles   on  the  Parade  Ground  In 

Front  of  the  Arsenal,  Augusta.  Gil 

Review  of  Confederate  Troops  in  Front  of  the  Pulaski 

Monument,  Savannah,  Ga..  August  7th,  1801 

Richmond.  Va.,  from   the   Prison  Camp  at   Belle  Isle, 

James  River 430 

Rhode  Island  Regiments  Embarking  at  Providence 01 

Uuins  of  a  Confederate  Fort 434 

I'.ush's  Lancers  Guarding  the  Roads  the  Day  lifter  the 

Rattle  of  Aiitietam 359 

s. 

Savannah.  Ga.,  Looking  East  toward  Fort  Jackson 428 

Scfiir  in  Adams  Express  Office  at  Fortress  Monroe,  Va. .  1HO 
ricene  in  Camp  Life — Company  Mess  of  the  Thirteenth 

Illinois  Volunteers 202 

Scene  in  Camp  near  Fulmouth.  Va. — Army  Blacksmith 

Shoeing  a  Refractory  Mule 451 

Scene  in  the  Military  Market  ai  Beaufort,  8.  C 05 

Scouting  Party  of  ••  The  Tigers  of  the  Bloody  Ninth.".  123 
Kreoud  Charge  upon  the  Confederates  by  Fremont's 

Bodyguard,  near  Springfield,  Mo r>9 

i id     Naval    Battle     in    Hampton    Roads,   Sunday, 

March  nth.  1802 189 

Section  of  Fort  Rnnvon.  Va.,  Guarding  the  Road  to 

Alexandria,  August,  1861 250 

Seventh  Regiment  en  route  fur  Washington,  D.  C,,  April 

19th.  18fil 10 

of  Atlanta.  Ga.  — Confederate  attack  on  General 

Logan's  Corps,  July  2Htu,  1864 433 


Siege  of  Charleston,  S.  C.  : 

Bombardment  of  Fort   Moultrie  and    Batteries  Bee 

and  Bcauregard 382 

Engineer  Depot,  Morris  Island.  S.  C 474 

Federal  Sharpshooters  Approaching  Fort  Wagner. .     484 

Ordnance  Depot,  Morris  Island,  S.  C 475 

The    Doomed  City  Fired   by  Gillmore's  Explosive 

Shells  from  Fort  Putnam,  January  3d,  1804. . .     485 
Siege    of    Inland    No,   10,  on    the    Mississippi    River — 
Night  Bombardment  by  the  Federal  Mortar  Boats, 

March  18th,  1802 177 

Siege  of  Petersburg : 

Battle  of  Ream's  Station,  August  iiutu,  1804 420 

Charge  of  the  Second  Division,  Ninth  Army  Corps. 

into  the  Crater,  July  30th.  1804 423 

Colored  Infantry  Bringing  in  Captured  Guns 438 

The  Fifth  Corps  Awaiting  the   Order  to  Advance, 

July  30th,  1804 495 

The  Ninth  Corps  Charging  on  the  Enemy's  Works 

after  the  Explosion  of  the  Mine 488,     489 

Siege  of  Vicksburg  : 

Attack    upon    the     Confederate    Works,   May    22d, 

1803 344,      345 

Cannon  Dismounted  Inside  the  Confederate  Works     305 
General    Grant    Meeting   the   Confederate   General 

Pembertou.  July  4th,  1H03 453 

General  Sherman's  Fight  with  Hand  Grenades 359 

Life  in  the  Trenches 334 

Sharpshooters  in  the  Rifle  Pits 347 

Storming  Fort  Hill  after  the  Explosion  of  the  Mine.      340 
The  Fight  in  the  Crater  of  Fort  Hill  after  the  Ex 
plosion  318 

Sixteenth    Regiment,  Ohio    Volunteers,    under    Colonel 
Irwine,  Crossing    the  Tray   Run  Viaduct,  near   the 
Cheat  Itivi-r.  on  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad.  .        00 
Sixth    Regiment    of  Massachusetts  Volunteers    Leaving 

Jersey  City  Railroad  Depot  to  Defend  Washington,  18 
Shelling  Confederate  Cavalry  across  the  Potomac  River, 

October  4th,  180] 17(1 

Shelling  of  a  Confederate  Camp  on  the  Potomac.  ......      -17 

Shelling    of  the    Batteries  at  Galvestoii    by  the    United 

States  War  Steamer  ,S'»v<//  ('itr»liini '227 

Sheridan's  Campaign  iu'the  Shenandoah  Valley: 

The  Federal  Forces  Falling   Hack  through   Charles- 
town,  August  '21st.  18(!4 433 

RafUc    of  Winchester — Charge    of   Crook's    Eighth 

Corps 412 

Buttle  of  Winchester — Position    of  thu    Nineteenth 

Corps,  September  l!)th,  1803 112 

Sherman's4'  Bummers"  Foraging  in  South  Carolina.  .  .  .      t32 
Sherman's  Campaign  in   Georgia 

Attack  on  the   Keuesaw  Mountain,  June  22d.  1*01     422 
Capture  of    Buzzard's    Roost    at    Hovey   Gap.   Cm.. 

May  Hth.  1804 ." 430 

The  Battle  of  Resaea 438 

Sherman's  Seventeenth  Corps  Crossing  the  South  Kdisto 

River.  S.  C 430 

Ship  Island,  near  the  Mouth  of  the  Mississippi 110 

Shiloh   Log    Chapel,  where  the    Battle    of   Shiloh   Com 
menced,  April  Oth,  1802 155 

Sketches  in  Beaufort.  S.  C. ,  and  its  Vicinity 3I!8 

Sketches  of  Ai-ihy  Life— Weighing  Out  Rations 403 

Skirmishing  between  Pickets  hear  Muhson's  Hill 170 

Skirmishing  hi  the  Woods,  on  the  Advance  to  Vicksburg     327 

Skirmish  near  Be.iufoit,  S.  C..  December  5th.  1H01 135 

Soldiers'  Graveyard  near  Falmoiith.  Va 455 

Soldier's    Rest — Friends    of    the    Seventh    and    Eighth 
Regiments.  New  York  Volunteers,    Welcoming  (lie 

Return  of  their  Heroes  to  New  York 404 

Southern  Caricature 177 

Steuben  Volunteers  (German  Regiment)  Receiving  the 
American  and   Steubeu  Flags  in   Front  of  the  City 

Hull,  New  York.  May  24th.  1801 20 

Storming  Fort  Dohelsoh— Decisive  Bayonet  Charge,  108,      101) 
Street  iii   Frederieksburg,   Va.,  Showing   the  Result  of 

the  Bombardment 303 

Street  in  Harper's  Ferry.  Va. ,  during  the  Passage  of  the 
Potomac  by   the   Federal   Troops   from    Maryland, 

October  24th,  IHI',2 210 

Stuart's  Confederate  Cavalry  Escaping  with  their  Stolen 

Horses  into  Virginia 204 

Successful  Attack  on  the  Confederate  Fortifications  on 

and  near  Port  Royal  Ferry,  January  1st,  1802 243 

Successful  Charge  of  Company  H,  First  Massachusetts 
Regiment,  on  a  Confederate  Redan  before  Yorktown, 

April  20th,  1802 151 

Surprise    and    Capture   of   the   I'nited   States  Gunboat 
Hiirfiet  Lnne  by  the  Confederates  under  General 
Magruder.  and    Destruction   of  the  Flagship    Went- 
$M,  in  Galveston  Harbor,  January  1st,  1803.  .  .328,     320 
Sutler's  Htore,  Harper's  Ferry,  Va 209 

T. 

Taking  Away  the  Colors  of  the  Seventy-ninth  New  York 

Regiment  for  Insubordination  and  Mutiny 199 

Terrible  Effect  of  a  Charge  of  Grape  from  Fort  Jackson, 

April  21th.  1802 117 

Thanksgiving  Festivities  at  Fort  Pulaskl.  Ga 32t) 

The  Forlorn  Hope  Volunteer  Storming  Party  Crossing 

the  Rappahannock  in  Advance  of  the  Grand  Army, 

December  10th,  18fia 280,  281 

"The  Pirate's  Decoy" — Captain  Seinmes  Decoying 

Shipi  toward  him  by  Burning  a  Prize  Vessel. .  .  .  299 
The  Quaker  <'it//  Engaging  Confederate  Dragoons  near 

Cape  Henry.  Va 299 

Third  Rhode  Island  Volunteers  Driving  the  Confederate 

Sharpshooters  from  the  Woods  on  James  Island,  S.  C.     138 


FAOK 

Thoroughfare  Gap,  Va 863 

Towing    Wounded    Federal    Soldiers   down   the    Bayou 

after  the  Battle  of  Bayou  Teche,  La 362 

Transfer  of  Released  Federal  Prisoners 178 

Traveling  in  State— General  Buruside  on  thu  Road  from 

New  Berne  to  Beaufort,  N.  0 162 

Troops  Drilling  in  Washington.  D.  C 21 

Tuscumbia,  Ala.,  One  of  the  Scenes  of  Colonel  Gri»r- 

sou's  Exploits 371 

Tybee  Island,  Savannah  River,  Ga. — View  of  the  Light 
house  and  Barracks 307 


u. 


36 


United  States  Arsenal  at  Charleston,  S.  C 

United  States  Cavalry  Scouting  in  the  Neighborhood  of 

Fairfax  Courthouse,  Va 34 

United  States  Gunboat  Molutirk  Chasing  the  Confeder 
ate  Steamer  Sprtty 252 

United  States  Transport  7'<r/y/  Pushing  her  Way  to  the 

Assistance  of  General  Pope  at  Island  No.  10 08 

V. 

Valley  of  the  Chickahominy,  Looking  Southeast  from 
the  Vicinity  of  Meohauicsville 

Victory  at  Blue  Ridge  Pass,  September  14th.  1802 

View  from  the  Intoriorof  Fort  Walker,  Hilton  Head,  S.  C. 

View  of  Rolla,  Mo..  Taken  from  the  Fort 

View  of  the  Camp  of  the  Twentieth  Indiana  Regiment; 
Also  of  Fort  Hatteras,  N.  C 

View  of  the  Town  of  Paducah,  Ky 

View  of  Strasburg,  Valley  of  the  Sheiiaudoah 

Village  of  Clarksburg,  Western  Virginia.  Headquarter! 
of  General  Rosecraus,  . . 


191 
219 

370 
242 

125 

270 
254 

245 


W. 

War  in  Georgia.  The  : 

Capture  of  Lost  Mountain  by  General  Hooker 421 

Stevenson,  Ala.,  Depot  for  General  Rosecrans's  Army  411 
The  Sixteenth  Army  Corps  Fording  the  Chattahoo- 

chee 483 

War  in  Louisiana,  The  : 

Army  of  General  liauks  Crossing  Vermilion  liayou.      410 

Battle  of  Grand  Coteau,  November  3d.  1803 4112 

Battle  of  Mansfield,  April  8th,  1804 400 

General   Bimks's  Army  Crossing  Cane  River 418 

General  Franklin's   Army   Crossing   the   Prairie    in 

Lafayette  Parish,  November  10th,  1801! 494 

New  Iberia 413 

War  in  Mississippi,  The  : 

Defeat  of  Wirt  Adams's  Confederate  Cavalry 478 

General  McPherson  Driving  tin;  Enemy  from  their 

Position  near  Brownsville 487 

General  McPhersou's  Army  Crossing  the  Big  Black 

at  Messenger's  Ferry.  October  15th,  1803 410 

General   McPherson's  Troops  Foraging  at  the  Con 
federate  General  Whitficld's  Headquarters,:  .  . .     479 
War  in  Tennessee,  The: 

Capture  of  Missionary  Ridge,  November.  18(53.  .450,  457 
Confederate  Massacre  of  Federal  Troops  after  the 

Surrender  of  Fort  Pillow,  April  12th.  1804.  .  .  .  401 
Federal  Pickets  Approached  by  Confederates  in 

Cedar  Bushes  near  Chattanooga 407 

General  Hooker's  liattle  above  the  Clouds 408,     400 

Lookout  Mountain  and  its  Vicinity , 480 

War  in  Texas,  The  : 

Brownsville,  Occupied   by  the   Army  under   Major 

General  N.  P.  Banks  in  1K03 4ia 

War  in  Virginia,  The  : 

At  the   Battle   of  the   Wilderness,  May  Oth,  1804— 

Waiting  for  the  Enemy 404 

Battery  Captured  by  the  Eighteenth  Army  Corps.  .     396 
Battle  of  Spottsylvania  Courthouse.  May  8th,  1804.      405 
Hurnside's  Corps  Charging  the  Confederate  Posi 
tion  in  Front  of  Petersburg 307 

Caissons  and  Horses  on  the  Field  at  Bristoe  Station.  403 
Capture  of  Three  Confederate  Guns  by  General 

Custer's  Cavalry  Brigade !)57 

Carrying  a  Portion  of  Deaurcgard's  Line  in  Front 

of  Petersburg 420 

Confederate  Station  near  Bcvcrley  Ford ; . .     412 

Contrabands  Coming  into  the  Federal  Camp 401 

Discovering   Unburled  Federal  Dead   on  the  Old 

Battlefield  of  Hull  Run 367 

Explosion   of    a   Torpedo    under    the    Ovmmwlore 

Hartley,  on  Jatnes  River,  August  4th,  1803...  434 
General  Butler's  Lines  South  of  the  James,  Va.  .  .  .  419 
General  Hooker's  Army  Marching  past  Mauassns.  Va.  4?1 
General  Meade  Recrossitig  the  Rappahannock 

before  Lee's  Advance 413 

Hospital  Scene  after  the  Battle  of  Bristoe;  Station .  .  486 
Railroad  Bridge  over  the  Rappahanhock  Station.  .  .  470 
Roemer's  Battery,  Third  Division,  Ninth  Artiiy 

Corps,  Shelling  Petersburg 415 

Sheridan's  Great  Battle  with  J.  E.  B.  Stuart  at  Yel 
low  Tavern,  May  llth,  1864 424.  425 

Storming  a  Fort  on  the  Right  of  the  Confederate 

Line  before  Petersburg 437 

The  Twenty-second  Colored  Regiment,  Duncan's 
Brigade,  Carrying  the  First  Line  of  Confed 
erate  Works  before  Petersburg 437 

War  on  the  Red  itiver.  The  : 

Admiral    Porter's   Fleet    Passing    through    Colonel 

Bailey's  Dam  above  Alexandria 402 

Waterhouse's    Battery  before   Vicksburg 363 

Wharf  Boat  at  Carrollton,  111..  Opposite  Howesville,  Ky.     275 

Winter  Quarters  on  the  Rappahanuock 316 

White  House  Landing,  Pamuukey  River,  Va 142 


INDEX  TO  HISTORY. 


A. 

Allatoona  Pass,  Capture  of 498,  499 

Antietam  Creek.  Battle  of 474,  475.  47G 

Army  of  the  Potomac  Goes  into  Winter  Quarters.  .48],  482 

Army  of  the  Potomac,  Movement  of  the.  .494,  495,  49(i,  497 

Atlanta  Taken 498,  499 

Averill.  Brilliant  Exploit  of  General 482,  483 

B. 

Bauks's  Attempt  to  Recover  Texas 492,     494 

Baton  Rouge,  Battle  of 47(5.  477,     478 

Beauregard  Transferred  to  the  West 463,  4G4,     405 

Belmont,  Battle  of 461,  4(12,     463 

Bentonville,  Battle  of 499,  500,     501 

Big  Bethel.  Battle  of 451,  452,     453 

Bowling  Green,  Confederate  Retreat  from 4C>5,  46fi, 

Buchanan,  Election  of 449, 

Bull  Kun,  Battle  of 459,  460, 

Bull  Run,  Second  Battle  of 469,  470,  471, 

Buruside  Made  Commander,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  474, 

475 

Butler  at  Bermuda  Hundred 497, 

Bragg  Evacuates  Chattanooga. 482, 

Brave  Drummer  Boy.  A 474.  475, 

Brown,  Raid  of  John 449, 

Brown's  Ferry,  Capture  of 485,  486,  487, 


467 
450 
461 
474 

476 
498 
483 
476 
450 
490 


c. 

Call  for  Troops,  Answering  the 451,  452,  453 

Carnifex  Ferry,  Battle  at 461,  462,  463 

Carthage,  Engagement  at 459,  460,  461 

Charleston,  Desolation  of 490,  491 

Charleston  Taken 499,  500,  501 

Chickamanga,  Battle  of 483,  484,  485 

Cold  Harbor,  Battle  of 497,  498 

Columbus,  Bombardment  of 461,  462,  463 

Conclusion 510,  511.  512 

Confederacy,  Formation  of 449,  450 

Confederacy,  Great  Britain  Ignores  the 491,  492 

Confederate  Government  Made  a  Permanent  One,  478. 

479,  480 481 

Confederate  Government,  President  and  Cabinet  of,  478, 

479,  480 481 

Confederate  Ram  Arkanmn 476,  477,  478 

Congress  Authorizes  the  Raising  of  Troops  and  Money, 

453,  454,  458 459 

Congress,  Extraordinary  Session  of 453,  454,  458,  459 

Constitution,  Amendments  to  the 510,  511,  512 

Oorinth,  Battle  of 474,  475,  476 

D. 

Dahlgren,  Death  of  Colonel 494,  495,  496,  497 

Davis  and  his  Cabinet,  Flight  of 503,  506,  507 

Davis  Captured 503,  506,  507 

Dpvis's  Declaration 501,  502,  503 

Destruction  of  the  Albemarle  498,  499 

Destructive  Raid,  A 497,  498 

Donelson,  Fall  of 465,  466,  467 

Dorothea  L.  Dix's  Benevolence 453,  454,  458,  459 

Draft  Riots  in  New  V-  '•    482,  483 

Dred  Scott  Case  Decision 449,  450 

E. 

Early's  Invasion  of  Maryland 497,  498 

Efforts  to  Secure  Peace 501 ,  502,  503 

Ellsworth,  Assassination  of  Colonel 451,  452,  453 

Events  Leading  to  the  War 449,  450 

Exchange  of  Prisoners 508,  509,  510 

F. 

Jfarragnt's  Bravery 499,  300,  501 

Five  Forks,  Battle  of 501,  502,  503 

Floyd  and  Pillow,  Cowardly  Flight  of 465,  466,  467 

Fort  Donelson,  Assault  on 465,  466,  467 

Fort  Gaiues,  Capture  of 499,  500,  501 

Fort  Hindmau,  Capture  of 478,  479,  480,  481 

Fort  Morgan,  Capture  of 499,  500,  501 

Fort  Pillow,  Massacre  at 492,  494 

Forts  Henry  andHeiman,  Siege  and  Capture  of.. 463,  464,  465 

Fort  Sumter,  Attempts  to  Take 490,  491 

Fort  Sumter,  Bombardment,  and  Destruction  of. . .  .490,  491 

Fort  Sumter,  Bombardment  of 450,  451 


Fort  Sumter,  Evacuation  of 450,  451 

Franklin,  Battle  near 482.  483 

Fremont's  Plan  for  Reaching  New  Orleans. .  .  .459,  460,  461 

Fredericksburg.  Battle  of 474,  475,  476 

G. 

Gaines's  Mill,  Struggle  at 469.  470,  471,  474 

Gallant  Charge 481,  482 

Galveston,  Surrender  of 476,  477,  478 

Gettysburg,  Battle  of 481,  482 

"  Give  Them  the  Cold  Steel  " 483,  484.  485 

Glendale,  Battle  of 469,  470.  471.  474 

Government  Buildings  at  Harper's  Ferrry.  Burning  of, 

450 ' 451 

Government  Resources,  Condition  of  the 450,  451 

Government  Peculiar  Position  of  the 508,  509,  510 

Grant  and  Lee,  Correspondence  between 501,  502,  503 

Grant    in    Command,  Military   Division    of  the   Missis 
sippi 485,486,487,  490 

Grant  Made  Lieutenant  General 491,  492 

Grant's  Army  before  Petersburg 497,  498 

Grant  Takes  Jackson 478,  479,  480,  481 

Gosport  Navy  Yard,  Loss  of  the 450,  451 

Growing  Antagonism  of  the  North  and  South 449.  450 

Guerrillas,  The 474,  475,  476 

H. 

Helena,  Confederate  Attack  on 491,  492 

Hooker  Succeeds  Burnside 474.  475,  476 

Horrible  Scene,  A 491,  492 

Hostilities  Ended 503,  506,  507 

I. 

Island  No.  10,  Capture  of 465,  466,  467 

luka,  Battle  of 474,  475,  476 

J- 

Johnson  and  Congress,  President 510,  511,  512 

Johnston  Succeeded  by  General  J.  B.  Hood 498,  499 

Johnston  Surrenders  to  Sherman 503,  506,  507 

K. 

Kautz's  Raid,  General 497,  498 

Kea/rsa/rge  and  Alnbamn,  The 499,  500,  501 

Kilpatrick's  Raid 494,  495,  496,  497 

Knoxville  Besieged 485,  486,  487,  490 

L. 

Lawrence,  Kalis.,  Massacre  at 491,  492 

Lee's  Retreat 481,  482 

Lexington,  Siege  of 461,  462,  463 

Liberal  Contributions .507,  508 

Lincoln,  Assassination  of . .    503,  506,  507 

Lincoln,  Election  of 449,  450 

Lincoln's  Inauguration 450,  451 

Little  John  Clem  and  the  Confederate  Colonel. . 483,  484,  485 

Lookout  Mountain,  Battle  of 485,  486,  487.  490 

Lyon,  Death  of  General 459,  460,  461 

M. 

Malvern  Hill 469,  470,  471,  474 

McClellan  Appointed  General  in  Chief 461,  462,  463 

McClellan  Seeks  a  New  Position 469,  470,  471  474 

McClellan's  Hesitation 474,  475,  476 

McPherson,  Death  of  General  James  B 498,  499 

McRae,  Bravery  of  Captain 463,  464,  465 

Mechanicsville.  Battle  of 469,  470,  471,  474 

Mill  Springs,  Battle  of 463,  464,  465 

Missionary  Ridge,  Battle  of  485,  486,  487,  490 

Missouri,  Events  in 476,  477,  478 

Missouri,  War  in 459,  460.  461 

Mobile,  Fall  of 499,  500,  501 

Monitor  and  Merrimac 463,  464,  465 

Monster  Gun,  A 490,  491 

Morgan's  Raid 482,  483 

Munfordville,  Battle  of 474.  475,  476 

Murfreesborough,  Battle  of 476,  477,  478 

N. 

Navy  in  the  War,  The 503,  506,  507 

Negro  in  the  War,  The 507,  508 

' '  No  Quarter  " 492,  494 


P. 

Pea  Ridge,  Battle  of 4f,3, 

Perryville,  Battle  of 474, 

Petersburg,  Fall  of 501 , 

1'etrfCs  Mistake,  The 453,  454, 

Pickeus,  Speech  of  Governor .... 

Plotting  for  Disunion 

Polk,  Death  of  Bishop 

Prairie  Grove  and  Labadieville,  Battle  at 476, 

Preparations  for  Seizing  the  Capital 451, 

President  and  McClellan,  Disagreement  of  the,  467, 

President's  Call  for  Troops,  The 

Price  Driven  into  Arkansas 463, 

Price  Invades  Missouri 

Proclamation  of  Emancipation 478,  479. 

Putnam,  Death  of  Colonel 


464 
475 


465 
476 


502,  503 

458,  459 

450,  451 

449,  450 
498,  499 
477,  478 
452,  453 
468,  469 

450,  451 
464,  465 
492,  494 
480,  481 
490,  491 


R. 


Rappahannock  Station,  Capture  of 481,  482 

Reconstruction  Committee 510.  511,  512 

Reorganization 510,  511,  512 

Return  of  the  Seceding  States  to  the  Union.  .  .  .510,  511,  512 

Richmond  Captured 501 .  502,  503 

Rich  Mountain,  Capture  of 453,  454,  458,  459 

Roanoke  Island,  Capture  of 461,  462.  463 

Rosecrans  Driven  Back  to  Chattanooga 483,  484,  485 

Rosecrans's  Supplies  Cut  Off 485,  486,  487,  490 

s. 

Sabine  Pass,  Attempt  to  Capture 491,  492 

Savage's  Station,  Conflict  at 4jl'>9,  470,  471,  474 

Sedgwick,  Death  of  General 494,  495,  496,  497 

Shaw,  Death  of  Colonel 490,  491 

Sheridan's  Ride 497,  498 

Sherman  Moves  toward  Atlanta .498,  499 

Sherman's  March  to  the  Sea 498,  499 

Sherman's  Raid 492,  494 

Hhiloh,  or  Pittsburg  Landing,  Battle  of 465,  466,  467 

Sick  and  Wounded,  Care  of 507,  508 

Sixth  Massachusetts  Regiment  Attacked  by  a  Mob,  451, 

452 453 

Slavery  Abolished  by  Congress 507,  508 

Slavery  Considered  a  National  Institution 449,  450 

Steele  Takes  Little  Rock,  General 491,  492 

Southern  People.  The 508,  509,  510 

Spottsylvania,  Conflict  at 494,  495,  496,  497 

Stoneman'B  Raid 499,  500,  501 

"  Stonewall  "  Jackson 459,  460,  461 

Streight,  Expedition  of  General.    482,  483 

Strong.  Death  of  General 490,  491 

Stuart's  Raid 469,  470,  471,  474 

Surrender  of  Lee's  Army 501,  502,  503 

Surrender,  Terms  of 501,  502,  503 

T. 

Terrible  Cannonade ,  .  .482,  483 

Terrible  Loss  of  Life 494,  495,  496,  497 

Thomas's  Gallant  Stand 485,  486 

Treatment  of  Union  Soldiers  in  Confederate  Prisons, 

508 510 

Trent  Affair 461,  462,  463 

Two  Noble  Organizations 507,  508 

u. 

Unconditional  Surrender 485,  466,  467 

Unfair  Exchange,  An 508,  509,  519 

V. 

Vicksburg  Batteries,  Running  by  the 478,  479,  480,  481 

Vicksburg,  Efforts  «o  Take 476,  477,  478 

Vicksburg,  Siege  of 478,  479,  480,  481 

Virginia  Peninsula,  Opening  the  Campaign  in,  467,  468,  469 

w. 

Wagner,  Assault  on  Fort 490,  491 

Washington,  Critical  Condition  of 451,  452,  453 

Western  Virginia,  War  in 453,  454,  459  460 

Winchester,  Battle  of 467,  468,  469 

Wilderness,  Battle  of  the 494,  495,  496^  497 

Williamsburg,  Engagement  at 467,  468,  469 

Wilson's  Creek,  Battle  of 459,  460,  461 

Woman's  Work  in  the  War .453,  454   458,  459 


THE  CIVIL  WAR  OF  1861  65. 

NU&TBER     OF     MEN    IN    THE     UNION     ARMY     FURNISHED     BY     EACH     STATE     AND     TERRITORY,    FROM     APRIL     15™.    18(51,    TO     CLOSE     OF     WAR. 


STATES    AND    TERRITORIES. 

NUMBER 
OF  MEN 
FURNISHED. 

AGGREGATE 
REDUCED  TO  A 
THREE  VEAB8' 
STANDING. 

STATES    AND    TERRITORIES. 

NUMBER 
OP  MEN 

FURNISHED. 

AGGREGATE 
REDUCED  TO  A 
THREE  YEARS' 
STANDING. 

2,55(5 
8.280 
15.725 
4,903 
56,864 
12,284 
1,290 

1,611 

7,836 
15,725 
3.697 
50,633 
10,322 
1,290 

New  York  

448,850 
3,166 

313.180 
1.810 
337,936 
23,236 

392,270 
3.150 
240,514 
1,773 
265,517 
17,866 

North  Carolina   . 

Ohio  .  . 

Oregon 

Connecticut  

Pennsylvania.  .. 

Rhode  Island 

Florida     

South  Carolina  

Georgia  .          .  .            

Tennessee   .    ... 

31,092 
1.965 
33,288 

26,391 
1,632 
29,068 

Illinois                  .        .            259.09-' 

214.133 
153,576 
68,630 

18,706 
70.832 
4,654 
56.776 
41,275 
124,104 
80.111 
19.693 
545 
80.530 
2.175 
1.080 
30.849 
57.908 

Texas. 

Indiana  

196,363 
76,242 
20,149 
75,760 
5,221 
70,107 
46.638 
146.730 
87,364 
24,020 
545 
109,111 
3,157 
1,080 
33,937 
76,814 

Vermont  

Iowa                ...              

Virginia  

West  Virginia 

82,068 

91,327 
206 
16,534 

3.530 

27,714 
79,260 
206 
1,506 
3.530 

Louisiana      .  .            

Dakota 

District  of  Columbia 

Massachusetts  

Montana  

6,561 

4,432 

Minnesota     

Utah  . 

964 

964 

Missouri  

U.  S.  Armv  

Nebraska  

U.  S.  Volunteers  

'.11.789 
2,326.168 

93,441 
2.778.304 

New  Hampshire     .  .        

Total 

The  number  of  casualties  in  the  volunteer  and  regular  armies  of  the  United  States  during  the  War  of  1861  65  according  to  a  statement  prepared  by  the  Adjutant  General's 
Office,  was  as  follows:  Killed  in  battle.  (57,058:  died  of  wounds.  43,012  ;  died  of  disease,  199,720:  other  causes,  such  as  accidents,  murder.  Confederate  prisons' etc..  40, 154  ;  total  died, 
349,944:  total  deserted.  199.1(15.  Number  of  soldiers  in  the  Confederate  service  who  died  of  wounds  or  disease  (partial  statement).  133.821.  Deserted  (partial  statement).  104.428. 
Number  of  United  States  troops  captured  during  the  war.  212,608:  Confederate  troops  captured,  476,11)9.  Number  of  United  States  troops  paroled  on  the  field,  1(5,431  :  Confederate  troops 
paroled  on  the  field,  248.599.  Number  of  United  States  troops  who  died  while  prisoners,  30,15(1:  Confederate  troops  who  died  while  prisoners,  30.152. 


NAMES    AND    PLACFS 
OF    BATTLES. 


PRINCIPAL  BATTLES  OF  THE  LATE  CIVIL  WAR. 


FEDERAL. 


COMMANDERS. 


KILLED,    WOUNDED,   PRISONERS. 


CONFEDERATE. 


CONFEDERATE. 


1861. 

April  12  

Bombardment  Fort  Suinter. 

Major  Anderson  

General  Beauregard  

no  one  hurt. 

5  w. 

April  19  

Riot  at  Baltimore  

Sixth  Regiment  Mass.  Vols.  . 

:!  k.  7  w. 

7k.  and  8  w. 

June  10  

Big   Bethel.  Va  

lirigadier  General  Pierce.  .  . 

Major  General  Magruder  

1C.  k.  34  w.  (i  in. 

no  report 

July  5  

Carthage.  Mo  

Colonel  Sigel*  

Generals  Price  and  Jackson.  .  .  . 

13  k.  31  \v. 

250  k.  and  w. 

July  12  

Rich  Mountain,  \V.  Va  

General  McClellan*  

Colonel    Pegrain  

11  k.  35  w. 

140  k.  150  w. 

July  21  

Bull  Run.  Va  

General  Irwiu   McDowell... 

General  Beauregard*  

4.50(1  k.  w.  p.  28  c. 
.  .481  k.  1,011  w.  700  p. 

'-  1.852  k.  and  w. 

Aug.  10  

Wilson's  Creek.  Mo  

General  Lvon*  

Generals  Price  and  McCulloch.  . 

...223k.  721  w.  292  m. 

.  .  .421    k.   1.317  \v.  3  m. 

Sept.  12  14.  . 

Cheat  Mountain.  \\  .  Va  

General  J.  J.  Reynolds  

General  R.   K.  Lee  

13  k.  20  w.  60  p. 

..    ..100  k.  and  w.  20  p. 

Sept.  20  

Lexington,  Mo  

Colonel  Mulligan  

General  Price*  

.  .  .42  k.  108  w.  1,624  p. 

25  k.  75  w. 

Sept.  21  

Ball's  Hluff.  Va        

Colonel  K.  I).  Baker  

General  Evans*  

.  ...220  k.  26(5  w.  500  p. 

36  k.  204  w.  2  p. 

Nov.  7  

Belniont,  Mil  

General  Grant*  

84  k.  288  w.  285  in. 

.  .  ..2(11  k.  427  w.  278m. 

Nov.  7  

Port  R..yal.  S.  ('  

(  Commodore    Dupont    A:  1 
'l      Gen.  T.  W.  Sherman*   \ 

General  Dravton  

8  k.  23  w.  250  p. 

*  k.  and  w.  no  report.  ) 
1  2.500  p.  42  guns  cap  i 

Nov.  8  

Piketon.  Kv  

General  Nelson*  

6  k.  24.  w. 

.  .400  k.  and  w.  2.000  p. 

Dec.   18 

Milford,  Mo  

(  Colonel  J.  C.  Davis  and) 
j       General    Steele*  i 

2k.  17  w. 

1.300  p. 

1862. 
Jan.  19 

Feb.   8 

Feb.  8 

Feb.  16 

March  8. .  . . 
March  14. . . 
March  23.  . 


Mill  Spring,  Ky 

Roauoke  Island,  N.  C 
Fort  Henry.  Tenn.  .. 
Fort  Donelson.  Tenn. 


Pea  Ri<: 


Ark. 


t'ea  Kidge. 

New  Berne.  N.  C. 

Winchester.  Va.  . . 


General  Thomas* 

i  Coin.  Goldsborough  and  / 
(      General  Burnside*.  . .  \ 

Surrendered  to  Com.  Koote. 
(  Commodore    Foote   and  > 
/       General  Grunt* ) 

General  Curtis* 


General  Burnside*. 
General   Shields*.  . 


April   6  7.  . .      Pittsburg  Landing    Tenn. .  .      Generals  Grant  and  Buell*  . 

April    10 Island  No.  10 

May  5 Williamsburg.  Va 


(Commodore   Foote  and' 
i      General   Pope* 


(ieueral  Zollicoffer 39.  k.  207  w. 

General  Wise 50  k.  150  w. 

General  Tilghman 

General  Buckner 44(1  k.  1.735  w.  150  p. 

Generals  Van  Dorn  and  Price 1.351  k    w.  and  m. 

General  Branch 91  k.  466  w. 

General  T.  J.  Jackson 100  k.  400  w. 

Generals  Johnston  it  Beauregard  ;,  'f.',,~. 

General  Maekall.  . 


150  p.,  loss  of  camp. 

(  Beauregard's  report. 

i  Federal  report. 
General  Lvou  killed. 


Colonel  Baker  killed. 


'70  wagons   with  stores 
(     and  equipage. 


192  k.  140  p      General  Zollicoffer  kill'd. 

... .30  k.  50  w.  2.500  p. 


231  k.  1.007  w.  15.000  p. 

1,100k.  2.500  w.  1.600]). 

50  k.  200  w.  200  p. 

.  .  .600  k.  and  w.  300  p. 

1,728  k.  8,012  w.  959m. 


May  25 

May  29 

May  30 

May  31 

June  1 

June  8 

June  9 

June  26 

June  27 

Jnly  1 

August  5. .  . . 
August  9. . . . 
August  22... 
August  27. . . 

August  29.  .. 

August  30.  . . 
Aug.  29-30.. 

Sept.  1 

Sept.    14.  ... 

Sept.     15... 

Sept.  17 

Sept.  19  20. 

Oct.  3-5.... 

Oct.  8 

Dec.  7 

Dec.  13 

Dec.  27  29 
1868. 

Jan.  2 

Jan. 11 

Feb.  3.  . 
May    1. 


Winchester,  Va 

Hanover  Courthouse,  Va. 

Corinth,  Miss 

Fair  Oaks,  Va 

Fair  Oaks,  Va 

Cross  Keys,  Va 

Port  Republic,  Va 

Chickahoniiny.  Va 

Gaines's  Mill,  Va... 


<  Generals     Kearny 

(      Hooker* 

General  Banks. . 


and' 


General  Morell*.  .. 
General  Halleck*.  . 
General  McClellau. 


.53  k.  526  m. 


General  McClellan*. 
General  Fremont.  .  . 

General  Shields 

General  McClellan*. . 
(ieneral  Porter . . 


General  Lougstreet 2,073  k.  and  w.  623  p. 

Generals  Ewell  &  Johnson* '   

General  Branch .... 

General  Beauregard 

General  J.  E.  Johnston* 890  k.  3.627  w.  1 

General  J.  E.  Johnston 5.739  k. 

General  T.  J.  Jackson* 125  k. 

General  T.  J.  Jackson* i 67  k.  361  w. 

General  R.  E    Lee..  .  .80  k. 


17  k.  6,300  p. 

..700k.  1,000  w.  300  p. 

.  .  .400  ic.  and  w.  600  p. 


Malvern  Hill,  Va 

Baton  Rouge,  La 

Cedar  Mountain,  Va. . 

Gallatin,  Tenn 

Kettle  Run,  Va. . 


General  McClellan*... 
General  Williams*.  . .  . 
General  N.  P.  Banks*. 


.222  p. 
and  w. 
500  w. 
574  m. 
150  w. 
and  m. 
and  m. 
and  m. 
and  m. 


General  Johnson 

(ieneral  Hooker 

(Generals  Hooker,  Sigel,  I 
<     Kearny,   Reno* j 

(ieneral   Pope 


Groveton,  Va 

Bull  Run  2d 

Richmond.  Ky 

Chantilly,  Va". 

South  Mountain,  Md 

Harper's  Ferry,  3  days'  siege 

Antietam,   Md" 

luka,  Miss 

Corinth,   Miss   

Perryville,  Ky   

Prairie  Grove,  Ark...  Generals  Blunt  &  Hernui.. 


Generals  Manson  <fe  Cruft. . . 

General  Pope 

Generals  Hooker  and  Reno* 

Colonel   Miles 

General  McClellan* 

General  Rosecrans* 

I  Generals   Ord,   Hurlbut' 
I      and  Veatch* i 

General   Buell  • .  . 


Fredericksbnrg.  Va. 
Vickslmrg,  Miss 


General  Burnside. 
(ieneral  Sherman . 


General  R.  E.  Lee* 7.500  k.  w. 

General  R.  E.  Lee 1,000  k.  w. 

General  J.  C.  Breckinridge 250  k.  w. 

General  Jackson 1.500  k.  w. 

General  Morgan* 64  k.  100  w 

General  Ewell 800  k.  w. 

Generals  Jackson  <fe  Longstreet 6,000  k.  and  w. 

General  Lee* 800  k.  4,000  w.  3,000  p. 

General  Kirby  Smith* 200  k.  700  w.  2,000  p. 

General  Lee* 1,300  k.  and  w. 

General  Lee 443  k.  1,806  w.  76  m. 

General  A.  P.  Hill* 80  k.  120  w.  11.583  p. 

General  R.  E.  Lee 12.500  loss. 

General  Price 135  k.  527  w. 

(Generals    Price,    Van    Dorn:        ..315  k.  j  8i2  w.  232  in. 

I     and  Lovell > 

Geuer.-l  Bragg 3,200  k.  w.  and  m. 

(Generals   Ilindman.  Marina- >  ,()-  ^    (;oo  w' 

i      duke.  Parsons  and  Front.) 

General  R.  E.  Lee* 1.512k.  (1,000  w.  2.078  p. 

General  Johnston*. .  .  .191  k.  982  w.  756  m. 


May   1 

May   2     ... 


;  Stone  River,  Tenn General  Rosecrans* '. 

Fort  Hindnmn,  Ark. .  .<  Admiral  Porter  &  (Jen-) 

i     eral  MeClernand*.  ...» 

Fort  Donelson,  Tenn Colonel  Harding* 

Suffylk,  Va Colonel  Nixon* 

La  Grange,  Ark j  Captain  DeHuff 

Frederii-ksburg,  Va. .....       |  General  Sedgwick 


2,800  k.  3897  w. 

8,000  k.  and  w. 

600  k.  and  w. 

.  .  .  .1.000  k.  w.  and  m. 

1.000  k.  and  w. 

About  the  same. 

Nearly  5.000 

600  k.  w.  and  in. 

1,000k.  1.500  w. 

200  p.  |   110  k.  and  w. 

and  m.      ..800  k.  and  w.  1,000  p. 

12,000k.  w.  and  m. 

700k.  3.000  w. 

250  k.  500  w. 

800  k.  and  w. 

500  k.  2,343  w.  1.500  p. 

1,500  k.  and  w. 

15.000  loss. 

263  k.  400  w.  600  p. 

1,423k.  2.268  p.  5,C92w. 
1,300  k.  3,000  w.  200  ji. 
1,500  k.  and  w. 

1.800  k.  and  w. 

no  report. 


(6  forts.  65  guns,  17.500 

I      small  arms  captured. 

Generals    McCulloch, 

Mclntosh     and     Slack 

killed. 


( 6  forts  captured. 
"(Confederate  report. 


Federals  retreated,  2,000 
prisoners  captured. 

Federals     were      driven 
back. 


General  Williams  killed. 
Confederates  repulsed. 
General  Johnson  cap'd. 


Kearuy  and  Stevens  kd. 
General  Reno  killed. 
Colonel  Milui  killed. 


General  Bragg 1,533  k.  6.000  w.     9,000  k.  and  w.  1.000  p. 

General  Churchill 1.000  k.  w.  and  m.      ..550k.  and  w.  5.000  p. 

Generals  Wheeler  and  Forrest 12  k.  20  w 100  k.  400  w.  300  p. 

130  k.  718  w.  5  m 1.500  k.  w.  and  m. 

2,000  k.  w.  ami  m 

General  Longstreet* 2,000  k.  and  w.  | 


Confederu'es  repulsed. 


*  Indicates  the  victorious  party. 


PRINCIPAL  BATTLES  OF  THE  LATE  CIVIL  WAR- (Continued). 


DATES. 

NAMES    AND   PLACES 
OP    BATTLES. 

COMMANDERS. 

KILLED,    WOUNDED,   PRI8ONKB8. 

REMARKS. 

FEDERAL. 

CONFEDERATE. 

FEDERAL. 

CONFEDERATE. 

. 

General  E.  E.  Lee  
General  Johnston     

..15.000k.  &w.  17,000  p. 
40  k.  240  w   6  m 

18,000k.  and  w.  5,000  p 
400  k   and  w 

29  cannon  captured. 
17  cannon  captured. 

Cavalry  fight 

Rear    guard  Johnston's 
army. 

Longstreet  wounded. 

2    Confederate   generals, 
30  guns  captured. 

Johnston  flanked. 

McPherBon  killed. 
150  guns  captured. 

Mav  12                   Jiu-kwon     Miss                                    (it'neral  Grant*    . 

Lli«»tT     *  • 

May  14  
May  16  

May  18  22.  .  . 

May  27 

Champion  Hills,  Miss  
liig  Black  River,  Miss  

General  Grant*           

General  Pemberton  

.   426  k    1  842  w. 

General  Pemberton 

29  k    242  w 

2  600  k    w   and  m 

•  General  til-nut.  Admirals' 
I     Porter  and  Farragut.  > 

General  Pemberton*  

.2,500  loss 

Port  Hudson  
Milliken's  B'  ul    La         ... 

General  Gardner*  
General  McCulloch  

900  k.  w.  and  m. 
.  .  .127  k.  287  w.  157  m. 

600  k.  w.  and  m. 
•200  k   500  w 

General  Thomas*  

June  9  
Juuo  14  

June  20  
July   1-23.. 
July  4 

Julv  4 

Beverly  Vonl,  Vn  

Generals  Buford  and  Gregg* 
General  Milroy  

(Generals  J.  E.  B.  Stuart  and> 

380  k.  w.  and  m. 

750  k.  w.  and  m. 

General  Ewell*  

2,000  k   w   and  m 

General  Rosecraus*  
General  Meade*  
General  Grant* 

General  Bragg  
General  R.  E.  Lee  
General  Pemberton  
<  Generals  Price,  Holmes  and  > 

85  k.  468  w.  13m. 
total  loss  23,198 
.  .245  k.  3,688  w.  303  p. 

250  k.  \v.  and  m. 

1,634  p.  no  report  k.tt  w. 
total  loss  37  000 

9,000k.  andw.  30,000  p. 
..500  k.  and  w.  1,000  p. 
4  000  p 

1  (Vlmm.   Ark  .  . 

General  Preutiss*  

General  Grant*  

General  Joseph  E.  Johnston  

*  '•'„'     '  
Julv   8 

Port  Hudson  surrenders  .... 
Fort  Wagner,  8.  C  

General  Banks*  

General  Gardner  

5  500  p 

July   18-19.. 
Sept    9 

General  Gillmore  
General  Burnside* 

General  Beauregard*  
General  Fraz'er  

700  k.  w.  andm. 

500  k.  331  w. 
2  000  p 

Sept.  19-20.. 
Sept.  14  
Dec.  4  
Dec.   23-25.. 
Dec.   25  
Dec.  27 

rhiokamauga  
Bristow  Station,  Va  
Knoxville,  Tenn  

General  Rosecrans 

General  Bragg*.          .        ... 

1.  1144  k.  9,262  w.  4,945m. 

51  k.  329  w 

17.000  k.  w.  and  m. 
1  200  k    and  w    800  p 

General  Warren*  
General  Burnside*  
General  Grant*    

General  A.  P.  Hill  

General  Longstivet  

1  600  p 

General  Bragg  
General  Bragg  

4,000k.  and  w. 

16,000  k.  w.  and  m. 

Missionary  Kidge  

General  Hooker*  
General  Hooker*  
General  Meade*    . 

General  Hardee  

800  k.  w    and  m 

300  i) 

Dec    27-30 

General  Lee  
General  Forrest  

1,000  k.  w.  and  m. 
14  k.  46  w. 

2.5(1(1  k.  \v.  and  p. 

1.000  k.  and  w. 
2  000  p 

1864. 
March  5.  ...     '  Pmlnrah.  Kv        Colonel  Hii-ks*  

April  8-9.  ... 
April  17-20.. 
May  5-7 

Mansfield,   La  
Plymouth     NO.           

General  Banks*  

General  Kirby  Smith  

.  .  500  k.  and  w.  1  500  p 

General  Wcssclls. 

General  Hoke*  

.150  k    1  700  p 

1  500  k   and  w 

Wilderness,   Va  General  Grant  

General  Lee  

loss  30.000 

loss  30  000 

May  5  7  .... 
May  12  
May  12-1  5.  . 
May  13-15.  . 
May  25  -28.  .. 
June  1  
June  15  18 

Spottsylvania,  Va  General  Grant  
Spottsylvania    Va      General  Grant. 

General  Lee  
General  Lee  
General  Beauregard. 

loss  10,000 

loss  10,000 
4  000  p 

Fort  Darling    Va     .  .           .          General  Butler* 

.">  000  k    w    and  in 

Kesaea,  Ga  General  Sherman*  
Dallas   Ga                 .               .          General   Sherman* 

General  Joseph  K.  Johnston 

700  k    2  SOO  \v 

General  Longstreet  
General  Lee*  

1.KOO  k.  and  w. 
'.l.OOO  k    \v   and  m 

.  .:*(«)  p.  4,000  k.  and  w. 
H  000  k    w    and  m 

Cold   Harbor    Va                     .      General  Grant 

Pptprslmrp.  YJI                                  General  Grant 

General  Lee*  

loss  10  000 

June  22                 Wplrlon  M.  It.    Vn,          .                General   ATeade 

General  Lee*  

1100  k.  and  w.  1  250  p 

Julie  27 

Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga  

General  Johnston  

1  000  k    and  w 

July  9 

General  Early*.    .  . 

1  000  k    and  w 

July  20  Peach  Tree  Creek,  (ia  General  Sherman*  

General  Hood  
(ieneral  Hood  

1,713  k.  w.  and  in. 

5,000  k.  and  w.  1.000  p. 
10  000  k    and  w 

July  27-30... 
Aug.  5  -20  .  .  . 

Aug.  15-18.. 
Aug.  19  
Aug.  25  
Aue    31. 

General  Lee*  
(General   Page    and    Admiral1 

5.000  k.  w.  and  m. 
120  k.  88  w. 

1.200  k.  w.  and  m. 
1  no  report  k.  and  w.  > 

f  Admiral    Farratmt    and  » 
'l     General  Granger*...., 

General  Lee*  

loss  4  000 

loss  °  5011 

Six  Mile  Station,  Va  
Weldou  11.  K..  Va  
Atlanta,   Ga  
Hunker  Hill,  Va  
Fisher's   Hill  
Ironton,  Mo  

General  Warren*  
General  Grant  
General  Sherman*  

General  Picket!  
General  Lee*  
General  Hood  
General  Early  

3,000k.  and  w. 
1.000  k.  and  w.  3,000  p. 
50  k.  50  in.  439  w. 
3  000  k   and  w 

1,500  p. 
1  ,500  k    and  w. 
5,000  k.  and  w.  l  Confederates  repulsed. 
500  k.  4,000  w.  2,500  p.      Rhodes  &  Gordon  killed. 
.  .400  k.  and  w.  1.100  p.      Federals    captured    16 
1.500  k.  and  w.         pieces  artillery, 
o  HOO  k    and  w 

Sept,  19  
Sept.  21  
Sept.  2(i 

General  Sheridan*  
General  Fwing*  

General  Early  
General  Price  
(ieneral  Lee*  

1100  k.  and  \v. 
'.»  k.  (',0  \v. 
5  000  k    and  w 

Sept.  29-30.. 
Oct.  19  
Oct.  20  
Oct  27 

General  Early  
General  Price  
General  Lee*  
General  Hood  ... 

4,000  k.  and  w.  1.300  p. 
2.000  p.  1.000  k.  and  w. 
..400  k.  1.500  w.  150m. 
189  k.  1.033  w.  1.104  m. 

2,800  k.  and  w.  1.300  p. 
900  k.  3,800  p. 
1,600  k.  \v.  and  m. 
1.750  k.  3,800  w.  702  p. 
''3  000  k    w    and  m 

Generals    Marmaduke   <t 
Cabell  captured. 

(ieneral     Johnson     capt 
ured  and  47  guns. 
Fort  and  72    guns    capt 
ured. 

All  of  Early's  guns. 

All  Lee's  artillery  capt'd. 

Forrest,  Rhoddy  capt'd. 
Richmond  captured. 
Gens.     Ewell,     Kershaw, 
Corse  it  Cnstis  Lee  capt. 

32  guns  captured. 
14  guns. 

This    was    the    last    en 
gagement  of  the  Civil 
War. 

Niiu's  Creek.  Mo  
TTn.t<*her's  Rmi.  Va.  . 

General  Pleasonton*. 

Nov    80                Frauklin   Tenu   ....                    General  Sohotield* 

Dec.  15.    .    .  .      Nashville    Tenn                           General  Thomas* 

General  Hood 

1865. 

Jan.  15  Fort  Fisher    .       .       General  Terrv* 

110  k    53(1  w 

440  k    and  w    2  500  p 

Jan.   20-22.. 

Feb.  27  
Feb   27 

Wilmington,  N.  C  

'Admiral  Porter  &  Gen-> 
I      eral  Schofield*  i 
General  Sheridan*  
General  Schofield*    . 

General  Bragg  

250  k   and  w 

1  072  p 

Waynesborough,  Va  
Kinston.   N.  C  .  . 

General  Early      .  . 

5  k    1  352  p 

General  Bragg  

loss  1  000 

1.200  k.  and  w.  2,400  p. 
327  k    373  p 

Feb.   27  Avervshoronedt.  N.  C  <  General  Sherman     .  .  . 

General  Johnston 

March  19.  .  .  . 
March  25  27. 

April  1... 

Bentouville.  N.  C  .  .  .  .                 General  Sherman* 

General  Johnston 

loss  1  646 

1(17  k    1  695  p 

Petersburg,  Va  Generals  Grant  and  Meade*. 

T,.       T-.     i      -IT                                 'Generals    Sheridan    and' 
Five  Forks,   va.  . 

General  Lee  
General  Lee  

.180  k.  1,240  w.  990  m. 
loss  3,000 

2,200  k.  and  w.  2,800  p. 
5,000  p 

i      \\  arreu"  i 
April  2  Selma.  Ala  General  Wilson*  

General  Forrest  ... 

3  000  p 

April  2-3.... 
April  6  

Petersburg  &  Richmond..  . 
Farmville  &  Sailor's  Creek.  . 
Appoinattox  C.  H  

General  Grant*.              .    . 

General  Lee  

.8,000  k.  w    and  m 

9  000  k    w   and  m 

6  000  p 

April  9  

Surrendered  to  Gen.  Grant* 
(  Admiral    Thatcher    and) 
^      General  Canby  ) 

General  Lee  

26  115  p 

April  11  

April  12  ... 
April  12  
April  26  
May  1  
May  4 

Fort  Blakely,  Mobile. 

General  Taylor  

2,000  k.  and  w. 

''   ..500  k.  and  w.  4,300  p. 

!       .       .               .2  700  p 

Montgomery,  Ala  

Surrendered  to  Gen.  Wilson. 
General  Stoueman*  

Salisbury,  N.  C  
Surrender  of  J.  E.  Johnston 
Surrender  of  Gen.  Morgan. 
Surrender  of  Gen.  Taylor.  . 
Tallahassee,  Fla   

General  Gardner  

1  800  p 

General  Sherman*  

27,500  p 

General  Hobson*  

.1,200  p. 

10  000  p 

May  10  
May  10  

May  10  
May  26  

Surrendered  to  Gen.  McCook 
Colonel  Barrett. 

Admiral  Jones  

70  k. 

8  000  p 

Palmetto  Ranch,  Tex. 

General  Slaughter  

.70  k. 

Capture  of  Jefferson  Davis) 
at  Irwinsville,  Ga  >~ 
Surrender  of  Gen.  K.  Smith 

.  .  .20,000  p. 

*  Indicates  the  victorious  party. 
In  addition  to  the  battles  given  above,  there  were  421  battles,  engagements  and  skirmishes. 


TOTAL   NUMBER    OF    TROOPS    CALLED    INTO    SERVICE    FROM    THE 
NORTHERN    STATES    DURING    THE    CIVIL   WAR. 

PRINCIPAL  NAVAL   BATTLES    OF  THE   CIVIL  WAK. 

1862,  Feb.    6  —  Fort  Henry,  Tenn.,  captured  by  Commodore  Foote. 
Feb.     8  —  Roanoke  Island,  N.   C.,  captured   by  Commodore  Goldsborough   and  Gen 
eral  Burnside. 
Feb.  16—  Fort   Donelson,   Teen.,   combined   forces   o.    General  Grant   and    Commo 
dore  Foote. 
Mar.    8  —  Confederate  ram  Jferrimac  sinks  United  States   frigates    Cumberhintl  and 
Congress,  Hampton  Roads,  Va. 
Mar.    9  —  Federal  Monitor  disables  the  Mem'mac. 
Apr.     6—  Pittsburg  Landing. 
Apr.     8—  Capture  of  Island  No.  10. 
Apr.   11  —  Fort  Pulaski,  Ga.,  captured  by  land  and  naval   forces. 
Apr.  24—  Forts  Jackson,  St.  Philip,  and  New  Orleans. 
May   13  —  Natchez,  Miss.,  captured  by  Admiral  Farragut. 
July     1  —  Malvern  Hill. 
1863,  Jan.    11—  Fort  Hindman,  Ark.,  Admiral  Porter. 
Jan.    11  —  United  States  steamer  Hattera*  sunk  by  Confederate  Alabama. 
Jan.   17  —  Monitor  Weehfiwken  captures  Confederate  ram  Atlanta. 
May   18  —  Vicksbnrg,  Miss.,  Admiral  Porter. 
July     8—  Port  Hudson,  Miss.,  captured. 
July     8—  Natchez.  Miss. 

NUMBER 

DATE  OF  PRESIDENT'S  PROCLAMATION-. 
CALLED  FOR. 

PERIOD  OF 
SERVICE. 

NUMBER 
OBTAINED. 

April  15th,  1861.          .    ..             ..                                     75000 

3  months. 
3  years. 

3  months. 
3  years. 
9  months. 
6  months. 

2  years. 

3  years. 
100  days. 
1,  2,  3'yrs. 
1,  2,  3  yrs. 

93,326 

714,231 

15,007 
431.958 
87,588 
16,361 

374,807 

284,021 
83,652 
384,882 
204.568 

May  3d.  1861  .         .                         .                                     82  748  ) 

July  22d  and   25th,  1861  500.000  )' 

Mav  and  June,   1862.. 

July  2d,  1862  .                                      300  000 

August  4th,  1862  ...                                                    300  000 

June  15i!i    1863.      ...                                                     100000 

October  17tl  >.    1863  .                                 300  000  ) 

February  1st,  1864  200  000  \ 

March  14th,   lK6t  200000 

April  23d,  1864  85  000 

Julv  18th,  1864  500000 

December  19th,  1864  300  000 

Total  :    2942748 

2,690.401 

1864,  June   19  —  United  States  steamer  Kearsarf/e  sinks  the  Alabama  off  Cherbourg.  France. 
Aug.     5—  Mobile.  Ala..  Admiral  Farragut. 
1865.  Jan.    15  —  Fort  Fisher,  N.  C.,  captured  by  General  Terry  and  Commodore  Porter. 

During  the  Civil  War  the  Federal  Navy  was  increased  in  two  years  to  over  400  vessels, 
the  greater  part  of  which   were  used  in  blockading  Southern  ports. 

Not  including  the  militia  brought  into  service  during  the  invasions  of  General  Lee  into 
Maryland  and  Pennsylvania. 

BIOGRAPHY 


OF 


ABRAHAM  LINCOLN 


Abraham  Lincoln,  sixteenth  President  of  the  Fnited  States,  born  in  Hard  in  County,  Ky.,  February  12th,  1809:  died  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  April  loth, 
18C5.  His  father,  Thomas  Lincoln,  remained  in  Kentucky  until  1810,  when  he  resolved  to  remove  to  the  still  newer  country  of  Indiana,  and  settled  in  u 
rich  and  fertile  forest  country  near  Little  Pigeon  Creek,  not  far  distant  from  the  Ohio  River.  The  family  suffered  from  diseases  incident  to  pioneer  life 
and  Mrs.  Lincoln  died  in  1818  at  the  age  of  thirty-five.  Thomas  Lincoln,  while  on  a  visit  to  Kentucky,  married  a  worthy,  industrious  and  intelligent  widow 
named  Sarah  Hush  .Johnston.  She  was  a  woman  of  admirable  order  and  system  in  her  habits,  and  brought  to  the  home  of  the  pioneer  in  the  Indiana  timber 
many  of  the  comforts  of  civilized  life.  The  neighborhood  was  one  of  the  roughest.  The  President  once  said  of  it  :  "  It  was  a  wild  region,  with  many  bears 
find  other  wild  animals  still  in  trie  woods,  and  there  were  some  schools,  so  called  ;  but  no  qualification  was  ever  required  of  a  teacher  beyond  readin',  writiu' 
and  cipherin'  to  the  rule  of  three.  There  was  absolutely  nothing  to  excite  ambition  for  education.''  But  in  spite  of  this  the  boy  Abraham  made  the  best  use 
of  the  limited  opportunities  afforded  him,  and  learned  all  that  the  half-educated  backwoods  teacher  could  impart  ;  and  besides  this  he  read  over  and  over  ail 
the  books  lie  could  find.  By  the  time  he  was  nineteen  years  of  age  he  had  acquired  a  remarkab'u,  clear  and  serviceable  handwriting,  and  showed  sufficient 
business  capacity  to  bo  intrusted  with  a  cargo  of  farm  products,  which  he  took  to  New  Orleans  and  sold.  In  1830  his  father  emigrated  once  more — to  Macon 
County,  111.  Lincoln  had  by  this  time  attained  his  extraordinary  stature  of  six  feet  four  inches,  and  with  it  enormous  muscular  strength,  which  was  at  once 
put  ut  the  disposal  of  his  father  in  building  his  cabin,  clearing  the  field  and  splitting  from  the  walnut  forests,  which  were  plentiful  in  that  country,  the 
rails  with  which  the  farm  was  fenced.  Thomas  Lincoln,  however,  soon  deserted  this  new  home,  his  last  emigration  being  to  (loose  Nest  Prairie,  in  Coles 
County,  where  he  died  in  1861,  seventy-three  years  of  age.  In  his  last  days  he  was  tenderly  cared  for  by  his  son.  Abraham  Lincoln  left  his  father's  house 
as  soon  as  the  farm  was  fenced  and  cleared,  hired  himself  to  a  man  named  Denton  Offiitt,  in  Sangamon  County,  assisted  him  to  build  a  flatboat,  accompanied 
him  to  .New  Orleans  on  a  trading  voyage,  and  returned  with  him  to  New  Salem,  where  Offtitt  opened  a  store  for  the  sale  of  general  merchandise.  Little 
was  accomplished  in  this  way.  find  Lincoln  employed  his  too-abundant  leisure  in  constant  reading  and  study,  lie  learned  during  this  time  the  elements  of 
F/nglish  grammar,  and  made  a  beginning  in  the  studv  of  surveying  and  the  principles  of  law.  But  the  next  year  an  Indian  war  began,  occasioned  by  the 
return  of  Black  Hawk  with  his  band  of  Sacs  and  Foxes  from  Iowa  to  Illinois.  Lincoln  volunteered  in  a  company  raised  in  Sangamon  County,  and  was 
immediately  elected  captain.  His  company  was  organized  at  Kichland,  April  21st,  1832;  but  his  service  in  command  of  it  was  brief,  for  it  was  mustered 
out  on  May  ~Tth.  Lincoln  immediately  re-enlisted  as  a  private,  and  served  for  several  weeks  in  that  capacity,  being  finally  mustered  out  on  June  ](3th,  1832. 
by  Lieutenant  Robert  Anderson,  who  afterward  commanded  Fort  Sumter  at  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War.  lie  was  appointed  postmaster  of  New  Salem  in 
1833 — an  office  which  he  held  for  three  years.  The  emoluments  of  the  place  were  very  slight,  but  it  gave  him  opportunities  for  reading.  At  the  same  time 
he  was  appointed  deputy  to  John  Calhoun,  the  county  surveyor  :  and  his  modest  wants  being  supplied  by  these  two  functions,  he  gave  his  remaining  leisure 
unreservedly  to  the  study  of  law  and  politics.  He  was  a  candidate  for  the  legislature  in  August,  1834,  and  was  elected  this  time  at  the  head  of  the  list.  He 
was  re-elected  in  1830,  1838  and  1840,  after  which  he  declined  further  election.  After  entering  the  legislature  he  did  not  return  to  New  Salem  ;  but  having 
by  this  time  attained  some  proficiency  in  the  law,  he  removed  to  Springfield,  where  he  went  into  partnership  with  John  T.  Stuart,  whose  acquaintance  he 
had  begun  in  the  Black  Hawk  war  and  continued  at  Vandalia.  He  took  rank  from  the  first  among  the  leading  members  of  the  legislature.  In  1840  he  was 
elected  to  Congress,  his  opponent  being  the  Rev.  Peter  Cartwright.  After  his  return  from  Congress  he  devoted  himself  with  great  assiduity  and  success 
to  the  practice  of  law,  and  speedily  gained  a  commanding  position  at  the  bar.  In  1800  he  was  nominated  for  the  Presidency  on  the  third  ballot  by  the 
Chicago  Convention  over  William  II.  Seward,  who  waa  his  principal  competitor.  The  Democratic  Convention,  which  met  in  Charleston,  S.  C..  broke  up  after 
numerous  fruitless  ballotingg,  and  divided  into  two  sections.  The  Southern  half,  unable  to  trust  Mr.  Douglas  with  the  interests  of  slavery  after  his  Freeport 
speech,  first  adjourned  to  Richmond,  but  again  joined  the  other  half  at  Baltimore,  whore  a  second  disruption  took  place,  after  which  the  Southern  half  nomi 
nated  John  C.  Breckiundge,  of  Kentucky,  and  the  Northern  portion  nominated  Mr.  Douglas.  John  Bell,  of  Tennessee,  was  nominated  by  the  so-called 
Constitutional  Union  party.  Lincoln,  therefore,  supported  by  the  entire  anti-slavery  sentiment  of  the  North,  gained  an  easy  victory  over  the  three  other 
parties.  He  was  inaugurated  President  of  the  United  States,  Marcli  4th,  1801.  His  election  by  a  sectional  vote  and  on  a  sectional  issue  hostile  to  the  South 
was  followed  by  the  secession  of  eleven  Southern  States  and  a  war  for  the  restoration  of  the  Union.  On  January  1st,  1863,  the  President  proclaimed  the 
freedom  of  all  slaves  in  the  Confederate  States,  arid  was  re-elected  to  the  Presidency  in  1861.  The  war  was  brought  to  a  close,  April  2d,  1805,  and  on 
the  15th  of  the  game  mouth,  while  attending  a  performance  of  "  Our  American  Cousin  "  at  Ford's  Theatre,  Washington,  he  fell  by  the  hand  of  an  assassin. 


v>. 


•c 


£ 


\ 


v 

'/vr'"-v***-    "Vv       '    "— '-/ 


'^k'^S^d 

'  sWiv  "•vjWSP'S  _^^ 


/   '„    ,•  /  •  ,flOl      .'A  •O^fsr    ''•  .'      .''''/'r;i\  V.          /..    . 


li'^^^^-iS'     '' 


m  <<%.£>'  vmfli:-&-*i 
S,  «wi  v^j 

SM^S-  f  >;« 


A^^^^l 

fe,R»5^ 


is; 


i  II 


*  s6 


S  SC    _. 

3  0  a 

>  «•  B» 

0  a-  a 

1  3  * 

O  09     ft 


• 


§•: 


r1  s>  z; 

o  2. 


|-=f| 

Cj  3    ~  £^ 

2.crq  OQ  o 

r:M  £  o 

M  o  3  *"d 

EM*  r/i 


Si    §    CO 

a  3  g 


8  -o. 
§.11 

g'ffo 

1  HI. 


'""^ 
*^        O 


^-   --  c& 

S  ^3      o 

2   w   P-       5^ 

•*il  3 

£•    *^ 

—  .  3    C^          f^ 

CO      ~  ,  -"  • 

J"  ^-.3" 

3  W 

gOQ    CD  ^ 

§  ri  w 

•-•So 

£,'     C         CO 

""      B 

W*      ^  i-j« 

O    h^  —          X 

*%i 

_<1     CD  O 


H 
W 
M 


°    3    2,  2 

P  S~cT  H 

r*    — _  M  U 

sis--  -^ 


CD     SC  ^ 

-•3  GO 

^^  M 

=tcr  S 

•2  §  Q 

CD     3  ^ 

00   ST.  O 

O      r"  2^ 

E-  3  O 

—    ^J 

Iff  Q 


Bb 

00 
3 

O 


~  o 


2.2. 

ri 


LIEUTENANT    GENERAL    WINFIELD    SCOTT, 


General  Scott  was  born  near  Petersburg,  Va.,  in  1786;  was  educated  for  a  lawyer  and  admitted  to  the  bar  at  the  age  of  twenty.  \Vhen  the  War 
of  1812  broke  out  he  was  appointed  captain  of  artillery,  thus  beginning  a  military  career  unparalleled  in  brilliancy  and  success.  Before  long  he  became 
lieutenant  colonel  and  was  sent  to  the  Niagara  frontier.  For  his  gallant  services  there  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major  general,  the  nighest  then 
known  in  the  American  Army.  His  exploits  in  Mexico,  in  our  war  vith  that  country,  are  too  familiar  to  need  repetition,  llis  conduct  of  that  war 
elicited  from  the  veteran  Wellington  the  declaration  that  that  campaign  was  unsurpassed  in  military  annals.  Although 
gave  his  services  to  the  North  in  the  Civil  War,  and  was  commander  in  chief  of  the  army  during  the  summer  of  18b'l 
his  winters  in  New  tfork  and  his  summers  at  West  Poiut.  lie  died  May  29th.  1866. 


Although  born  in  the  South,  General  Scott 
After  his  resignation  he  spent 


COLONEL  ELMER  E.  ELLSWORTH. 


THE  MURDER  OF  COLONEL  ELLSWORTH  AT  THE  MARSHALL  HOUSE,  ALEXANDRIA,  VA.,  MAY  24Tn,  1861. 


Colonel  Ellsworth  was  passing  the  Marshall  House  in  Alexandria,  Va.,  when  he  saw  a  Confederate  flag  waving  above  it.  On  the  spur  of  the  mo 
raent  he  entered  the  hotel,  and  ascending  to  the  roof  with  two  or  three  friends,  cut  the  halyards  and  took  possession  of  the  flag.  As  he  descended  the 
«tairs  he  was  fired  at  by  James  W.  Jackson,  proprietor  of  the  hotel.  Colonel  Ellsworth  fell  to  the  ground,  mortally  wounded. 


FOliT     SUMTKIt,    CHAKLKSTo 


CASTLE    PINCKNEY,   CHARLE.ST 

Sumteri"hose  ™pture   by  the  Confederate  soldiers  marked   the  real  beginning  of  the  Civil  War,  was  built  on  an  artificial  island,  immediately  ». 
r  '  ,  L  iftyfeet  in  height,  and  from  eight  to  ten   feet  in   thickness,  and  were  pierced  for  three  tiers  of  guns,  besides  necessary  k| 

ifiKne         s  a  small  fort  on  the  southern  extremity  of  Shnte'*  Folly  Island,  in  Charleston  harbor,  S.  C.     Though  it  was  not  in  itself  formidable,  i(- 
ich  were  about  seven  feet  above  low-water  mark,  and  the  upper  being  en  barbette.     The  armament  of  the  Castle  consisted  of  about  f 


brick  masonry 
the 


I.KBOli,    SOUTH     CAROLINA,    1801. 


HRBOR,    SOUTH     CAROLINA,    1861. 


le  mouth  of  Charleston   Bay,  8.  G.      It  took   ten  years  to  build,  and  cost  half  a  million  of  dollars.     The  fortification  was  of  a  pentagonal  form,  built  of  solid 

musketry,  and   designed   for  an  armament  of  140  pieces  of  ordnance  of  all  calibres. 

ii  gave  it  great  local  importance,  as  it  commanded  the  whole  line  of  the  eastern  wharves.      It  had  two  rows  of  guns,  the  lower  being  in  bombproof  Casemates 
ire  pipros,  24-  and  32-pounders,  a  few  seacoast  mortars  and  six  columbiads. 


WA 

-^ff 


•Illl  - 

\    }' 


s 


cr  s  o 
re  o  o 


O 


o 

O 
» 
O 

o 


—  •  2  ra 
~  x  o 


ill 


^=.ST  a 

^     »'  tc  ^H 

CD  Q 

g  §  a 

S~     "^     C  — ' 

E  ,3  2  GC 
13  •    o 

s=       X'  ^ 


—  CD 

s  ^  o 


rD   <  J~-         t> 
r-    O  04 

-ira  J3 


CO 

S  =  _  w 

P  2  ^  S 

c"  5-'  ^  ^ 

SS  "3 

§  H  o 

•5  •<".  o  'i 

=  P^  H 

s;  5  £•  a 


co 


«  S          H 
^'•rfjo      12; 

III      I 


CTQ  ^ 

nn'  i 

-.^   <-»- 


03  c~ 

*ro  2  K  « 

&1  °  ^ 

re  3  t»r 

Pffl    •  y 

o  ^  H 

M«Q  Q 

—  S  c 

3  S 

32.  Q 

c   £t 

S  jf  ^ 


B 

CT5    o, 
r^    ^ 

p'S. 


H 

I 


—.  s  ,_, 

t"    2  M 

^»  g 

s.1  ^ 

~5'  Q 

CO     °° 

ll  I 


I  sr     2 
o"     ° 

£  -o      co 
£  ' 
I  ? 


la 

Ct  C» 

•t 

SO    rt; 

CS? 


11" 


&s°  c     o 
°^S     g 
§     I 


'to 


u 

II 


2  >, 


S3 

O 


w 

O 

1-5 


O 
O 

o 


- 

3 


--    o 


w 

Q 


PH 


"C    « 

I  s 

II 


S.c 


o§ 


S3 
~ 

8 


. 
QQ  o  a 

.8-gJI 

s>?  t 

O  •"    c 


, 
i-H     &C  C 

' 


h 


4) 

' 


IB 
"if 

S'sTs 

O    S    t. 


H       r  o 

S  5 


3  W 
S   O 

a  S3 

S3  <! 
W  t> 

00 


01—  I 
o 
•"j  oo 


Is 

a 
o 


.-i    fee  to 

00    S    S 

•*  o  5 


^ 
fe 


S3 

ta 


- 


@ 


O    >    05 

—     0) 

CO  «<- 

a:    C    QJ 
C    c  T3 


=5    0*3 


<x>  o  c 
'a  o  « 

!~s 

^13i3 
-  fe  S5 


^•52 
^->      a 

X     £J  •  — 
^Sj 

"3   « £. 

^  c  S» 


3  O    £ 

.2^2 

b    O 


=  £ 


- 

£  c  o 


.sl 


ft 

it? 


=:--.  CD 

- 


° 


O 


crq  2-  _.  O 

5\~-  -  * 
PS 

P  o  M,  H 

f  •-*  o  td 


UQ  " 

2  " 

^    ""  M 

2  _  O 


»3g      B 

03  CD     i—  Q 


B 


S-L! 


cr 
0 


*FS    -I 

=  1   » 

S,1^      O 


•    co 

<rt-   O 


. 
00      - 


— -§  CD  ^ 

S   CD  3  5^ 
>i 

="  ^  S  H 


^-  3  *•£  tt 

S  g-S.  bs 

OS     i^     CD 

*  p  »L  B 


,£§,    r 

15  to       ^ 

CTQ  v^^          /™s 


o  £.  g,     p 

^3    ^_I<  CD  ^ 

5*3  3      CD 


t-  g. 
E'o 


O      M, 
-!     O 


o 

g 
p 


CD  rt 

f"  § 


O    -I 
3    » 


a 


rfe 
5<7 


8 

Ic 


" 

5  ^ 


—  2. 
5  33] 

o"  o 

—  "i 

U*  O 

•     o 


Ho 
- 


H 

» 

o 


8-     2 

•ji  a         3 

o         C 


CO  -»- 

-J.  x-        S 


•^3-     2 


^      fU  *H 

|    ^  X 

2  co  ^ 

'5-^  H 

2'^'  O 

Z  f  O 


. 

ta      H 


8> 

£    3 
' 


o  -. 
2  3 


o 

a 


I 


2 
3 


it^f  Ml 
Kl« 


s. 


1 
I 


.£ 

•S 

B 


|  s 

I  i 

O  CQ 

c5 

<  "S 

S  £ 

":  -° 


8  I 

K  "^ 

O  |'J 

1  rj 

W  rj» 


ai   S 


H 

3 


B  -o 

8  -s.s 

«2  >.bD 

••S  c 

>"  .S'C 

g  .25 

H  i-  c 


•  •— 


02 

w 

H 


H 


2s 
®  .5 


I"3 

S-s 


.0 

a.  3 

It 

OPTS 


fflC  w;  #tj  , ,  -Hr  I  i  *• 


s*r^#TO'WSr/"y>.    .  •   \i'/y. 


9 


a 
o 


1     II 


5       (C 

-w 

«M      =5 


i  1.2 

M  S  '3 

S  s^ 

§  :i 

H  .53 

P  if 

-s  d 

-*^>     CO 

r-«  M    <3 

I  I! 

H  "c^ 

02 

-U          * 

3  * 

W  b,= 


M 


w 

N 


O 

a: 


a. 

=3  .E 

5=  J= 
cc 

S   * 


B 
o 


Oi 

1 

—  « 


§1 


H 

H 
O2 

S 

H 


OS 
O 


5  5, 


o  ri: 

11 
5  w 

o   r 


W     CO 

tS    cs 

<C  *J 

t-  H^ 

C 


.2  E 

r^         C 

^  S 

fs- 

j  ca 


- 

•<•§ 
I 

S 


8. 


33 
3  en? 

r.    p 


is. 


2  o 


O    3-  £ 

-f     r*  tT* 


2 


ST2, 

= 


S   n 

•^    O 

si 


a.  2 


n> 

3 


3     « 


O 
O 

.o 

•T3 

p 
a_ 
5" 


2 

0 


3 

i 


E0S 


—  01 

oi  2 


O    •-  C8 


bo  jj  •"  bo 

O             S     *  0-! 

K       ^-°  sH 

•^                 H       -  (T» 

O 


«  O    fl~.0 

m 
H 

6 


w 
w 


5  2  S  2 


*:S0  !? 

l§^l 

*-•     153     •  ^^ 

K  bc;i  « 

— .  .5  X   be 

*  53  ^  £ 

S  ^    cS  'S 
5-3^1 

lis 

a?  *M  o 

M  p^     O 


t  ^-i 

81  s 

^£d 

0?     (D  OO 

^3    «>    >-,— I 

*"         "°    ~ 

00  C 

rH     rt  r-H  "-• 

•2  fs   S  a> 


e  B'C.S 


2'3-a.S 


P2E-5 
•S72  &^ 

.       *  * 

I'&a'f 

•"  5  ^  SP 
2 


°^  S*, 
a,  ID  ^j  o 

I8P|- 

-  !"<«§ 

33    QJ  O 

S          *-»    O 

~  >.s  § 

-"SPN   _, 

*.£*»§ 
*••*?« 

01    " 

*^     53     CO   t-H 
C  O  -r> 

2  a  2  » 

^S|1 
•s  o>  *  » 

OM    M  ^3 

f^M^2 


-§", 

|.s-s^ 

S         ber3 

S-s  8  - 

p  .£  «  C 

o  3  j-  o 

o,^  a* 

-=  .,p-1^ 


a)  es^_ 
T3        o>  2 

C^^  | 

•<  £  o 

*"     "     CKH 
t-    S  ^3  tC 

0)^3-3^ 
•S  SS   . 

«  bo      0 


III 


GENERAL    WILLIAM    TECUMSEH    SHERMAN. 

General  Sherman  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1818,  was  educated  for  the  army  at  West  Point,  and  received  a 
commission  as  first  lieutenant  in  1841.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  in 
fantry,  and  was  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Bun.  Eaised  to  the  rank  of  brigadier  general,  lie  succeeded  General 
Anderson  in  the  Department  of  Ohio,  from  which  he  was  removed  for  declaring  that  it  would  require 
200,000  men  to  hold  Kentucky.  After  his  famous  march  to  the  sea  he  moved  north,  capturing  the  most 
important  Confederate  positions,  and  by  cutting  off  the  resources  of  General  Lee  compelled  the  evacuation 
of  Richmond  and  the  surrender  of  Lee,  April  9th,  1805.  General  Sherman  died  on  February  14th,  189L 


3!) 


THE    BATTLE    OF    RICH    MOUNTAIN,    BEVERLY   PIKE,    VA.,    BETWEEN    A    DIVISION    OF    MAJOR    GENERAL    MjCLELLAN'S 

Upon    the   arrival    of   General    McClellan's  troops   on    the    Beverly  Pike,  which    rims   along   the   summit   of  Rich    Mountain,  a  heavy  fire  was   opened  u] 

Ine  enemy,  mistaking  this    movement,  rushed  from  their   breastworks  with    a   shout   and  approached    the    road.     The    Federals   then   firei 

Lne  Confederates  we-e  soon  driven  up  the  hill,  over  their  breastworks,  find  completely  routed,     The  battle  continued  fnr  an  hour  and  a  half  from  the  first  ' 

40 


VND,  LED  BY  GENEBAL  EOSECEANS,  AND  THE  CONFEDERATE  TEOOPS  UNDEK  COLONEL  PEGEAM,  JULY  HTH,  1861. 

n,  i\\e  Confederates  firing  shot,  shell  and  grape,  but  so  wildly  that  little  damage  was  done.     The  Federal    troops  dropped  flat,  and  deployed  as   skirmishers, 
t  terrific  and  destructive  volley,  and  rushed  up  the  slope  into  the  enemy's   ranks  with  fixed  bayonets.     The  fight  now  raged  promiscuously  all  over  the  hill. 


ist  aho'. 


, 


B 
It 


3  < 

S  - 

<-  •£, 

j^j  ~ 

cc  3 


K        be 
*r,          ;: 

"        '5 

s  I 

pH  X 

o> 


P5        ^ 
B 


Mi 


(H 


W         « 

H          go 
-^         s  '5 


5       II 


O        3^ 

£    l.a> 

00 

S    ^s 

H        I" 

$Z 

°       o    - 

r-1  fe     O 

g  -.§ 

O  *^ 


s 


*  ii 


l 


s 

/  y/          *t  P'W  -         * 


§ 

S 

£ 

a 

£> 

g 
13 


O 

o> 

p. 


I 

o 


o 

m 

B 
'c 
o 


a 

3 


-s.2 


60 1 

"Z.  "E. 


02 

N-H 

s 

o 
w 


. 

s 


. 


B 
O 

a: 

B 


W       .£.' 


C 

p- 

p 

c 


0) 

r— 

5 


fli     »- 

"  o 
•—  *_- 


£-3 
o  g 
£  M 


is 
o  2 


'O    CS 

'« 


§ 


M 


|S 


. 

Ea 

M) 


RESCUE 


MARINES    FROM     THE    FOUNDERING    STEAMER    "GOVERNOR," 


Wliil  •   In-ill^  used    -is    a    transport,   oil  Cape  Hatteras,   November  ;>d,   1861,  the   steamer  (,'orernoi;   Commander    Phillips,  foundered    in  the  rough 
Those  on°board    a   battalion    of  marines    under    Major    Keynolds,   were    transferred  with    great    difficulty  to    the  tiabme.     1  he   Governor  was    a 
Kidewhed  steamer  of  O.V)  tons  burden.      She  was  built  in   New   York  city  in  1840..   and   was  originally  intended  for  river  navigation. 


KXPLOSION    OF    A    SHELL    IN    THE    CUTTER    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    STEAMER     "NIAGARA,"    NOVEMBER    to,    1861. 

Few  incidents  in  the  war  displayed  more  courage  and  coolness  than  the  action  of  Fog  Boatswain  A  W  Pomeroy  of  the .United I  States  frigate 
Niagara,  in  burning  the  Confederate  brig  Nonsuch  near  New  Orleans.  After  setting  the  vessel  on  fire  the  Federal  sai bra  ueie '  P"»£8  „' j^° „ 
Niagara,  when  a  shell  struck  the  boat,  throwing  two  of  the  officers  in  the  wate,.  The  men  were  saved  by  a  cutter  dispatched 


GENERAL    GEORGE    B.     McCLELLAN. 

General  George  B.  McClellan  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  December,  1826.  He  was  graduated  from  West  Point  in  1846,  and  joined  the 
army  as  second  lieutenant  of  engineers,  to  take  an  active  part  in  the  Mexican  War,  where  he  distinguished  himself  in  the  battles  of  Contreras, 
Ghurubusco,  Molino  del  Rey  and  Chapultepec,  and  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War  he  was  appointed  major 
general  of  Ohio  militia,  but  soon  afterward  was  made  major  general  of  the  army.  After  a  successful  campaign  in  Western  Virginia  he  was  made 
commander  in  chief,  and  reorganized  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  Being  opposed  to  the  extreme  war  party,  he  was  superseded  by  General  Burn- 
side.  In  1804  he  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  the  Presidency.  He  died  in  1885. 


03    <B    c 
£3  tC  -2 


be   ..  a: 

C     >"v-C 

>  E  ~ 

S«      «"O 

TJ  s   a> 

•<     0.  r-J 


cog 

|.sl 

'~  ba  £ 

l-i    £=    o 


c  t-  '2 

0}     ^*     ^ 

•£  ^£ 

c 


pH  .    O 

p^       C^  oT  o 


1 


rrt      CS     O> 

S  e  « 


P3 


ss 

I 

CO 

S3 

03 
H 


H 
O2 


J=    =S 

o  _  bo 

08    «    c3 


ce'3  J3 
S  "  § 

to   O   S 


W  TJ*"  5 

H  c  52  "5 
o 

°  IP 

O  =  'S    no 

5?  °  —  "•- 

H-  "  •—  r~" 

!  '*« 

g  *s*' 

HH  t-^,  £     CO 


B    rt 


^^^| 
.  «*-< 

IB  °       -S 
C   a)   co 


«  be      T3 

>>.£*££ 
t  E  .  2 

Q  ^^      W      » 

£_S 


r-      C 

O    <" 

o    . 


•? 


- 

O  -O  -^ 


'"  £ 
rg  ta 


co  aj  p 
.2  S 

" 


, 

CD    C 

Q>  -S      CD 


-S 


'  "&c,S 
O        gr;|2 

M  CO 

H         °  "-1  ^ 


H 

ft 
W 


03 
M 
g 


C 
oc 


EC 
P 

W 


CO 
CO 


-      — 
ci  "^   o 

C3  ^ 


O  • 
^ 

•     - 


•s  s 

g-SS 

B   2"° 

»  CD  — 
CD  "*  i- 
7-  T>  a 

•f    oT 


w 

H        -5 
^        CJ' 


-~     CD 

•gs-s 


<5     O    CD 

-  c  c 

CD    O  -^ 

i«i 

.5   be  be 


C2 

H 


cs  2 


W 
W 
H 


co 

CO 

•ft 


H        S'i   I' 
CO 

OO      *~-~ 
J-.     C     OJ 


O  CD 

C    03      .  P3 


rt 


w 
P 


K 
H 


""     CD    - 


g  S  5 

c  -a  c 


CO  "^  -CD 

"  <j  00    S 

T?  ^  — 

,jj  c  S  « 

CK  ^O  5 

CD    ^  .,  , 

^  £  *->  ° 

^  1*CD 


c  03   a> 


O  "    3    O 

=?  S^  a 


.  CD    O 


BRIGADIER     GENERAL    J.    S.   NEGLEY. 


General  Negley  was  born  in  East  Liberty,  Pa.,  December  20th,  1S2U.  He  enlisted 
as  a  private  and  served  in  the  Mexican  \Va"r.  In  April,  1801,  he  was  commissioned 
brigadier  general  of  volunteers  ;  served  in  Alabama  and  Tennessee  with  the  Army  of 
the  Ohio  :  and  at  the  battle  of  Lavergne,  October  7th,  1802.  was  in  command,  defeating 
the  Confederates  under  Generals  Anderson  and  Forrest.  He  was  promoted  major  gen 
eral  for  gallantry  at  Stone  River,  and  at  the  battle  of  Chickamanga  held  Owen's  (Jap. 
He  settled  in  Pittsburg  after  the  war,  and  represented  that  city  in  Congress. 


MA.JOR     GENERAL     1RWIN     M<  DO  WELL. 

Major  General  McDowell  was  born  in  Ohio,  October  15th,  1818  , 
graduated  from  West  Point  in  1838.  He  held  several  military  posi 
tions  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  when  he  was  given  com 
mand  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  On  account  of  the  loss  of  the 
battle  of  Bull  Run,  for  which  he  was  held  responsible,  he  was  super 
seded  in  the  command  by  General  McClellan,  and  given  charge  of 
the  First  Corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 


GENERAL    W.   S.    ROSECRANS. 


Brigadier  General  Rosecrans  was  born  in  Ohio,  September  6th,  1810, 
and  was  graduated  from  West  Point  in  1842.  He  received  a  commission  as 
brigadier  general  in  the  regular  army,  May  10th,  1861,  antf  took  the  field, 
with  command  of  a  provisional  brigade  under  General  McClellan  in  Western 
Virginia.  His  first  important  action  was  that  of  Rich  Mountain,  which  lit 
won  on  July  llth,  1861. 


54 


MAJOR    GENERAL    DON     CARLOS    UUELL. 

Major  General  Buell  was  born  in  Ohio,  March  23d,  1818  ;  grad 
uated  from  West  Point.  1841,  as  brevet  second  lieutenant  of  in 
fantry  ;  served  in  the  Florida  War,  1841-'42  ;  on  frontier  duty, 
1843- '45  ;  made  first  lieutenant  in  June,  1846,  and  captain  the  fol 
lowing  September.  In  1861  he  was  made  brigadier  general  and 
placed;  at  the  head  of  the  Department  of  the  Ohio,  succeeding 
'tiem-ral  Sherman.  Upon  assuming  command  of  the  Army  of  the 
Ohio  he  succeeded,  with  Grant,  in  gaining  for  the  Federals  the 
battle  of  Shiloli. 


FORT     PK'KENS,     ON     SANTA     ROSA     ISLAND,     PENSACOLA     BAY,     FLA. 

Fort  Piokcns  is  a  bastioned  work  of  the  first  class.  Its  walls  are  forty-live  feet  in  height  by  twelve  in  thickness.  It  is  embrasured  for  two  tiers 
of  guns,  which  are  placed  under  bombproof  casemates,  besides  having  one  tier  of  guns  en  barbette.  The  guns  from  the  work  radiate  to  every  point 
of  the  horizon,  with  flank  and  enfilading  fire,  at  everv  angle  of  approach.  The  work  was  commenced  in  1828,  and  finished  in  18515  at  a  cost  of 
nearly  one  million  dollars.  When  on  a  war  footing  its  garrison  consists  of  1,'MO  soldiers.  The  total  armament  of  the  work,  when  complete,  con 
sists  of  210  guns,  63  of  which  are  iron  42-pounders. 


SPIKING    THE    GUNS    OF    FORT    MOULTRIE    BY    MAJOR    ANDERSON,    BEFORE    ITS    EVACUATION,    DECEMBER    26m,     1860. 

Toward  the  middle  of  December  it  became  evident,  from  the  magnitude  of  military  operations  going  on,  and  other  indications,  coupled  with 
significant  threats  in  the  South  Carolina  Convention  and  out  of  it,  that  an  occupation  of  Castle  Pinckney  and  Fort  Sumter  was  meditated.  Major 
Anderson  decided  to  anticipate  the  South  Carolinians  in  their  contemplated  manoeuvre.  Accordingly,  on  the  night  of  December  26th,  at  the  very 
time  the  South  Carolina  Commissioners  had  arrived  in  Washington  to  demand  the  surrender  of  the  forts,  he  evacuated  Fort  Moultrie,  after  spiking 
the  guns  and  providing  for  the  destruction  of  their  carriages  and  other  material  by  fire,  and  with  the  aid  of  three  small  vessels  successfully  trans 
ferred  hia  little  command  to  Fort  Sumter.  Sfi 


BATTLE    OF    BULL    RUN,    VA.,    JULY    21sT,     1861,     BETWEEN    THE    FEDERAL    ARMY,     COMMANDED    BY    GENK1 

The  battle  of  Hull  Run,  which  the  Confederates   called    the   battle  of  Manussas,  was  the  first  really  important  action  of  the  Civil  AVar.     The   scene  laj  : 

fforts  to  rally  the  troops  were  fruitless.     In  a  short  time  the  entire  Federal  line  seemed  to  have  broken  in  disorder,  the  force  under  General  Sykes  apparci) 

confusion  toward  the  passages  leading  to  Ccutreville.     By  nine  o'clock  that  evening  the  last  of  the  fugitives  had  reached  Centreville.     The  Confederate  loss  v 


cDOWELL,  AND  THE  CONFEDERATE  ARMY,  COMMANDED  BY  GENERALS  BEAUEEGARD  AND  JOHNSTON. 

liles  northwest  of  Manassas  Junction,  on  the  banks   of  Bull  Eun.     It  resulted,  as  everyone  knows,  in  the  complete  routing  of  the  Federals.     The   repeated 
making   an    effort  to  withstand    the    tide.      But  it  was    finally  compelled    to   yield  to  the   masses  against    it.     The  Federals  then  on  all  sides  retreated  in 
378  killed,  1,48 )  wounded  and   20  missing— total  1,887 ;    that  of  the  Federals,  481  killed,  1,011  wounded  and  1,460  missing— total  2,952. 


•     '. 


5'5j5  "• 
S"  2  _  o 

£  *•§  f 

-•    JUTS 
fn    CD 

5"          O 


. 

cq  o 


M.    tD      O 

O  3 

— 


Mi 

^  to 
<        o 

o  o  s 

—     CD     p 


I 

O 


o 
a 
>• 
» 
o 

H 

d 
"TJ 
o 


H 
O 

o 


3  1.1 

' 


—•  o 

4  3  ^ 

B"  M-  8» 


O    (D    S 

s^i 

^7-  _  P 
o>  2,2- 


c 


W 

05 

w 


o 

bd 


H 
Hd 


cc 
W 
g 

K! 

o 

cl 


b 
W 
ft) 


J£  &  o 


CD     S"  „ 

SS8- 

O  i- 

a  >-»  CD 


O 


- 

w  S 


ft, 


o& 


Q 
O 


H 
02 

h- ( 

O 

a 

H 

b 

p 
o 


O 
Q 
H 

1 

B) 


B 


•-!     CB 

0  v  ft. 
J?  ^ 

S-  -i   — 

111 

1  ^   ft. 


cr  SB 

C  (W     03 
(71-    O     O 


jjlll'  ...Illi' 

,£$££>. 
.iiwSfcwti!: 


-"  S 
i—  i  "< 


o     11 
«      2  § 


o     «  ~  t 
S    °  §  i 

O       ^  £'£ 


—  -  o 
O  W  §*1 
S  o  .S 


2-0  H 
S        •=   °«~ 

S       ~  s  ° 
S      ^''st 

0          «  °   « 


5 


'50 


a     c  2  c 

^         o  —  o 


§ 


K  eg- 
W  -ij1  o  ^ 
H  °  -2  a" 


w         ^^-1= 

r  <  ^      ^    -^ 

X  "  "K 


w  2  o  2 

O  S  £""* 

^  ^  V-,' 

^^  f~i  O        • 


W      ,c-^2 
ft       ^^^ 

a       o     «M 
•-  «  o 


H 


co 


W 


a  ^  5  K 

H  «  c  g 

(^  i— i  5 

a  ^  2  fc 

S  «  CS 

a  o|  § 

co  *"^ 


w    p  a,1 

H         5    fen 

bo  i 


J- 


fl 

3   ^  • 


ET  ""  (B 


O    g- 

3  z 


T3  -t^ 

3.  *o  , 
-.3  o  ' 


Il 


a  g 

—  ' 


M 
O 


3  =  5"      X 

5  3  S.     a 


ii,  01   CD          gj 

i-*     h^.  h> 

??    m   £^         ?3 


H 

g 

a 
!>» 

^ 

w 


W    §"  ^ 

i|&  3 

•i-l  M  q 

O    |_i  -tq 

•^     CO     (— >  hH 

2   ®  M 

"&s"  I 

M»  O    "i  -*H 

S  "-S  2 

-^          en  H 

P    O  M 

^1  o 

cfo  3 

=,"•§  x 


p  ss  O 

®  S?  £ 

M>  *— '  ^ 

o2§ 


S_  gl        GO 

--1  2.3'      M 


p     CC  CD 


o 

H 
O 


B  g" 


&*?•''•*• 

•  v ' " , v  \ y X 


>a.          « I 

8^(4:  iffi, 

^& 


5£  '     / 1 
am  *M 


,«<,.,<          ,1    ....- 

i  ;fr:v 


11 

< 


H     ?|        ,11'    "  ',  *,  I     ,     ^ 

^  i  "'M  *  Mi   r 

ii  i* •,-*ii|^'....™iii  iiiffl  1 1 

L^V'-r  ';^'  fl 

P<     ?i,!li   ''  it;V.  ,'  ;;:f  ft    /i 


M  'y. 
' ' ,  'M  W'  j' 


I      l_f     J.       -^J 

i  %  • . ;,,; 

f*l      '     JH  ^-r=5,  ri 


i 

tts* 


a  » 


M 
J 


GO 


w 
- 


- 

•1110 

.S  &^  5 


o 

PH 


o  r— 


£-5^:0 

CQ  l>^ 


H 
O 

H        i 


K 


o> 

*-*      b£) 

C3    i. 


s  -* 


gn  ;    c  -^- 


W 


9     -2 


'=1m   ° 

^5~^  J 
®^  >2 


-3    i*    2^ 


*H 

O 


02 
H 


3 

K 

a 


o      g^ 


—  c 


t.      -=,2 


451 


w 
a 
g 
w 

o 


3D 

PQ 


J 
O 


GO 

O 

I 

o 

H 

6 


&H 

O 

w 
J 

I: 


=>  °r^ 


5^     .-2 

rll 


8H^:0  2 
5-S  a,- 
10  S^  be 


, 

*  * 


fQ     j-  O   ->-i 

7^1  .-I 


kl     .  oo"  &  c 


—J  PH  p-l  <H 


m^m^im^m 


a 


- 
CD  a.  . 

0  C«  CJ 

01  CO 

«>   bcco 


8.2 


K 

^*"    "t^ 

>H 

-*J 
CO 

"  5 

'S, 

"S 

-.2 

5 

0 

GO 

t^>  >, 

C    fc- 

w 

GO 

t-4 

gs 

X 

^ 

S^ 

?5 
««! 

M 

3 

CO 
CO 

O 

-*J 

1^    M 

o> 
^  . 

3 

cL 

^   2 

£ 

| 

£  s 

&* 

=    O 

5 

So 

C8    O 

K 

J 

^W 

25 

w 

^. 

PCO 

•5.222 


-So>, 


c  a 


K   be 

0)  a)  -i 


«  «  S 
^2 

03   ^j 
CO  • 


•a  .3 


THE     DUKYEE     ZOUAVES     CARRYING     THE     BODY     OF    LIEUTENANT     GREBLE     FROM     THE     FIELD     AT     (iREAT     BETHEL. 

The  Federal  troops,  after  having  burnt  Little  Bethel,  arrived  at  Great  Bethel  at  ten  o'clock  in  the  morning.  Here  they  found  the  Confederates 
in  great  force,  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Magrtider,  and  strongly  posted  behind  batteries  of  heavy  guns.  It  was  here  that  Lieutenant  Greble  was 
killed.  The  young  hero  fell  dead  by  the  side  of  his  gun.  His  body  was  placed  on  a  gun  carriage  and  carried  off  the  field  by  his  sorrowing  men. 


THE    DEATH     OF    GENERAL     NATHANIEL     LYON,    AT     THE     BATTLE     OF    WILSON'S    CREEK,    NEAR     SPRINGFIELD,    MO. 

General  Lyon  fell  at  the  head  of  his  little  army  of  5,500  men,  in  a  desperate  fight  at  Wilson's  Creek,  Mo.,  on  the  10th  of  August,  1831.  -while 
.eading  a  charge  against  the  Confederate  forces  under  Ben  McCulloch,  numbering  23,000  men.  General  Lyon  was  educated  at  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  where  he  was  graduated  with  distinction  in  1841. 

71 


tv  W^mM^-M 


BATTLE    AT    WILSON'S    CREEK,   NEAR    SPRINGFIELD,    MO.(  BETWEEN    5,500    UNION    TROOPS    UNDER    GENEIU 

WM  mafle  by  General  Lyon,  in  command  of  the  centre,  supported  bv  General  Sigel  and  Major  Sturgis,  U.  S.  A.,  and  notwithstanding  the  p 
inasecl,  General  Lyon.  the  brave  and  able  commander  of  the  Union  forces,   was  killed  at  the  head  of  his  troops,  who  suffered  a  los. 


,YON    AND    SIGEL,   AND    23,000    CONFEDERATES    UNDEK    GENERALS    McCULLOCH    AND    PRICE,   AUGUST    lOrn,    1861. 

isparity  of  numbers,  the  Confederates  were  driven  from  their  position   and    their   camp   burned,  with   great  loss   m    killed,  wounded  and  prisoners.    The  yietory, 
)0  killed  and  between  600  and  700  wounded.     There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  the  Confederate  loss  was  more  than  double  these  numbers. 

73 


^JW   W:  \ 


- =  ^=  - 

=r^=-==.^— =--£-_  -„-  =  .  J 


^^?fe^ 


CI''V-r"    *l 


r/5J>^^aJS)^ 
i3"  wMK^^ 


^b^&I^T^ 


^^ 


M;ls 

^-f  /  /          ^^•••JUA 


a  "•  o 

£:»  £• 

<t>     °°     ft, 

-°°  ^2. 

«  °  Jt 

5'  2  5T 


3  re  o 

3      CD     • 


03  s  „ 
<  o  2. 

C  *-i 

£&•! 


3    C  ; 


^w^ 

3  g-  o 


O.       "  H 

1CS.  |  3  H 

5:1  B 

-I-  I 

2-*^  o5' 

-.«_,    3d  H 

o  a   Hi 


oa        t^  .1 

^   —  ~ 

»   ~.   1'  •> 

3.  |  ^  H 

PJ    —      ^  ^ 

§  I  r.  >** 

c-f-  Hta  "-1- 

O  CO 

^  •*IJ 


£•*  =•       5 


-  3    £. 


w 
^ 


g.g  a.  3 

O      3  e-^ 

S-  §  5 '  I 

sT^™  8 

•s  s 


o   ^r 

3  5' 


ce 


S  c 

s»  P-  Q 

^3  h^ 

"T3    c-*1  Q 

i*  § 

•2-^  Ed 


!ii  i 


5     3 


1     O 
O     -! 

c  o 


g  o 

3    O 
&.  C 


\Y 


i 


,T  ^_L 'illlnlnln  :  \      ,  ,'v  IT  11 

}     BBk    ,''    •. 

T  .:W  TUMI          U ')[(>  iWLv1.  > 


IM'.riJriTING     FOli     HAWKINS'S     M-AV     YORK     /OUAVES. 


^^ 


ni 


lrr  tliirtv   vi'tirs  of  age. 


FORGING    IRONWORK    FOR    GUN    CARRIAGES    AT    THE    WATERVLIET    ARSENAL,    WEST    TROY,    N.    Y. 

A  more  thorough  and  comprehensive   establishment  cannot  be  found.      It   embraces  the  whole  scope  of  manufacture  which  properly  belongs  to  an 
•raenal.     The  various  departments  are  superintended  by  competent  foremen,  the  whole  governed  by  a  commandant,  assisted  by  ordnance  officers. 


78 


THE  ELEVENTH  'NDIANA  ZOUAVES  IN  CAMP  McGlNNIS,  RESTING,  THE  DAY  AFTER  THE  HATTLE  OF  ROMNEY. 


THE  OEDNANCE  ARMORY,  CHARLESTON,  S.  C.-THE  VOLUNTEER  TROOPS  TRYING  THE  ARMS. 

The  Confederate   Ordnance  Armory  at   Charleston,   S.  C.,  contained    a    splendid   collection  of  anus,    among  which  were   specimens  of  all  the  arms 
known   in    modern  warfare.      Here  were  found  the  Minie,  Warner  and  Colt's  rifles,  muskets  of  every  possible  make— breech,  muzz  e  and  chamber-load 
ing  pieces;    also   the   terrible   ten-  and  twelve-shooters   known   as    Lindsay's   repeaters.     With    this   latter   death-dealing  weapon   all 
company  were  armed.  79 


GENERAL     ROHERT     E.    I.KE. 


General 
1*45    lie 


Robert  E.  Leo  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1807  ;  was  admitted  into  West  Point  as  a  cadet  in  1825  ;  entered  the   United  States  Army  in  1829. 

WOK  appointed  a  member  of  the  board  of  engineers,  and  in  the  following  year  chief  engineer  of  tho  army  in  Mexico;  was  brovetted 
major.  April  18th,  1846,  for  gallant  conduct  at  Cerro  Gordo  ;  lieutenant  colonel,  August  20th,  1847,  for  bravery  at  Contreras  and  Churubnsoo,  and 
iv-loiu-l.  September  13th,  1847,  for  gallant  conduct  at  Chapultepec.  In  1852  be  was  appointed  superintendent  of  \Vest  Point  Military  \cademy  ;  on  the 
If.th  of  March,  1801,  ho  was  appointed  colonel  of  cavalry,  and  on  the  25th  of  April  in  the  same  year  ho  resigned  his  commission  in  cue  United  States 
Army  and  offered  his  sword  to  Virginia,  which  State  had  just  then  seceded  from  the  Union,  lie  died  October  12th,  1870. 


JEFFERSON    DAVIS. 

Jefferson  Davis,  son  of  Samuel  Davis,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  was  born  in  Todd  County,  Kentucky,  in  1808  ;  was  graduated  at  West  Point  in 
1828;  served  as  lieutenant  of  infantry  at  Western  posts,  and  on  frontier  service  from  1828  to  1834;  resigned  in  1835,  and  became  a  cotton  planter; 
chosen  Presidential  Elector  from  Mississippi  in  1844  ;  member  of  the  United  States  House  of  Representatives,  1845-'46  ;  colonel  of  the  First  Mississippi 
Rifle  Volunteers  in  the  Mexican  War  in  1846-'47  ;  engaged  at  Monterey,  and  severely  wounded  at  Buena  Vista  ;  member  of  the  United  States  Senate, 
1847-'51  ;  Secretary  of  War,  1853-'57  ;  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs  from  1857  to  1861 ;  President  of  the  Southern  Confederacy, 
February  18th,  1861;  captured  by  the  Federal  troops  May  10th,  1865,  at  Irwinville,  Ga.;  prisoner  of  war,  1865-'67,  at  Fortress  Monroe,  Va.  Die<* 
December  6th,  1889.  81 


•AN, 


5  3 
- 


-I  TO    o    & 

V3      M»   I— ' 

OO      =      3 


2  == 

—  re 


O    sa  ^  'tS  Hej 

^1  I 

-—EL  CD   5' 

S»     CD     g-  <L  M 

^^~  (D  ^-<  X 

—  O=      M.  8 

S-s.c.8  K 

g    &  i  -F"  02 

»  2  §  -  O 

3'  CD"  JD  £L!  I 


Bl  ^  w  5 

5-'  E  ^  cT  S 

i-il  I 

2  5  —  =! 

— '  &  p  _cr  t; 

"*  2  Sf  B"  W 

=     -     CD     ®  K 


"^  ^^  CD   ^*  *^ 

•«i  r  •    M, 

§"-  W-  S 

—  5  z. "  5 


§  E 


o        H 


ft 

D3 


1  ' 

CD     01  i_i 

2*  C  3  o  V 
o   =  ^ 


3  =t 


=t  o 

CB    "> 


B    O 

S-.  O 

,  3  r. 

a •  o 

'  —  <s 


2.  so 


GENERAL    J.    K.    F.    MANSFIELD. 

General  Mansfield  was  horn  at  New  Haven.  Conn.,  in  1803;  was 
graduate.)  from  the  I'nited  States  Military  Academy  at  West  Point  in 
iK'-ii  ami  appointed  tin-vi-t  second  lieutenant  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers; 
first 'lieutenant  in  ls:;-J:  captain  in  1838  ;  chief  engineer  of  the  army 
commanded  by  General  Taylor  in  the  .Mexican  War,  1840-'47.  In  April, 
1801,  he  was"  placet!  in  command  of  the  Department  of  Washington, 
receiving  the  appointment  of  brigadier  general  of  volunteers.  In  1802  he 
commanded  a  corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  at  the  head  of  which 
he  received,  at  the  battle  of  Antietam,  the  wounds  from  which  he  died 
on  September  18th,  1S02. 


GENERAL  NATHANIEL  LYON. 

General  Lyon  was  born  at  Ashford,  Conn.,  July  14th  1819;  was 
graduated  from  the  United  States  Military  Academy  at  \\est  Point,  and 
entered  the  army  July,  1841  ;  took  part  in  the  Indian  campaign  in 
Florida  ;  was  sent  to  Mexico  at  the  commencement  of  the  war,  and 
was  wounded  at  the  Belen  Gate;  was  appointed  captain  in  1851,  and 
remained  in  active  frontier  duty  in  Kansas  until  in  April.  1861.  he  was 
placed  in  charge  of  the  United  States  Arsenal  at  St.  Louis.  Mo.,  and 
afterward  appointed  commandant  of  the  post.  In  May.  1801.  he  en 
rolled  a  large  number  of  volunteers  and  surrounded  Camp  Jackson,  com 
piling  a  prompt  surrender.  He  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Wilson's  Creek. 


\  v--<f^psv\ 

GENERAL    BEN    McCULLOCH. 

General  Mifulloch  was  born  in  Rutherford  County,  Tenu.,  in  1814. 
¥hen  the  Mexican  War  broke  out  he  took  command  of  a  band  of  Texans. 
He  distinguished  himself  at  the  battles  of  Monterey  and  Buena  Vista.  At 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War,  McCulloch  raised  a  regiment  of 
desperadoes  and  called  them  the  Texan  Rangers.  He  was  fatally  wounded 
while  leading  his  division  at  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge. 


GENERAL     FRANZ     SIGEL. 

General  Sigel  was  born  at  Zinsheim,  Bavaria,  November  18th,  1824; 
entered  the  army  of  the  Grand  Duke  of  Baden,  and  in  1847  was  appointed 
chief  adjunct ;  emigrated  to  this  country  some  years  later,  and  in  1861  took 
command  of  the  Germans  in  St.  Louis  who  had  tendered  their  services  to 
the  Federal  Government,  being  made  colonel  of  the  Third  Missouri  Vclun- 
tuerg.  He  took  part  in  many  important  engagements. 


COLONEL  E.  D.  BAKER. 


DEATH     OF     COLONEL     BAKER    WHILE     LEADING     HIS     REGIMENT     AT     THE     BATTLE     OF     BALL'S     BLUFF,    VA.,  OCTOBER     21sT,    1WJI 


Colonel  E.  1).  Baker,  while  command 


ding  the  First  California  Volunteers,  which  formed  part  of  General  Stone's  brigade  at  the  battle  of  Ball  a  Bluff, 

and  who  had  just  before  he  entered  battle  been  notified  of  his  appointment  as  brigadier  general,  was  killed  while  at  the  head  ™,  P 

by  bullets  in  the  head,  body,  arm  and  side.    He  died  as  a  soldier  would  wish  to  die,  amid  the  shock  of  battle,  by  voice  and  example  am 
to  brave  deeds.  87 


GRAND    REVIEW    IN    WASHINGTON    OF    EIGHT    BATTERIES    OF    ARTILLERY    AND    THREE    REGIMENTS    OF    C 


neral    McClellan 

These  mad  u  nji  above  two 

the  Capitol,  at  about  three  o'clock  p.  M. 


held  a  grand  review  of  cavalry  and  artillery,  which  went  off  with  great  eclat.  The  troops  consisted  of  two  full  regiments  of  ca 
*-o  thousand  men,  and  in  addition  there  were  eight  batteries  of  United  States  regular  flying  artillery,  comprising  forty-eight  heavy 
iree  o'clock  p.  M.  81 


BY    PKESIDENT    LINCOLN,   GENERAL    McCLELLAN    AND    A    PORTION    OF    THE    CABINET:       SEPTEMBER    24th,  1861. 

-  e  Fifth  Eegulars  and  the  Kentucky  Volunteers— together  with  such  portions  of  the  Lincoln,  Ira  Harris  and  Cameron  Guards  as  had  their  horses  and  sabres, 
a  i  howitzer  field  pieces,  with  caissons,  carriages,  horses,  riders   and   gunners   in    full   quota.     The   review  was    held   on   a  broad,  level  common  one  mile  east  of 


FKDKKAL     TKOOl'S     WIU>IN(i     A     IJOAD     ACKOSS     LOW     ISLAN1>.    IN     THE     OHIO     HIVKK.    OPPOSITE     PAWCAH,    KV. 


I'NIII.r.     OF     RICH     Mol  \T\l\     v\      TTTTV 

IN,    \A.,  JULY     ll>™,    iwil-THE     THIRTEENTH     INDIANA     REGIMENT     CAPTURING     A     GUN. 


When    the   enemv  were    driven    from    their   hro« 
Lieutenant  Atkinson,"  with  about  forty  I.XM,  of  (',„         t  r  V*"      ',?, .8"inm't   they  attempted    to   run    off    one    of    their    cannon.     Captain    Sayles    and 
the  enemy  drawn    up  across   in    front  ,    (,-  Inirteenth  Indiana,  started  in  pursuit.     The  Indianians,  on  turning  the    road,  found 

bayonets  down  the  road,  driving  the  enen  v  fro n    the  r  !'  "" /T       °m    T''C8.  °"  the  8'de  °f  the  Wa7'     They  fired»  Btorme(1  tlle  hollse'  and     ' 

ion,  taking  several  prisoners  and  capturing  the  cannon  without  losing  a  man. 


EARTHWORK     BATTERIES     SURROUNDING     THE     CITY     OF     PADUCAH,    KY.,   BUILT     BY     THE     FEDERAL     TROOPS     IN     OCCUPATION. 


DESTRUCTION    OF    GUNS    AND    GUN    CARRIAGES    AT    THE    ARSENAL,   BEAUFORT,   8.    C.,  BY    CAPTAIN    AMMON    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES 

GUNBOAT  "SENECA,"  NOVEMBER    UTH,    1861. 

On    November    14th,  1861,  a   party  commanded  by  Captain    Ammon   landed    at    Beaufort,  S.   0.,  from    the   United  States  gunboat  Seneca,  visited   the 
arsenal  and  destroyed  the  cannon  they  found  there.     Having  burnt  the  gun  carriages  and  knocked  off  the  trunnions,  they  considered  their  work  complete. 

91 


-•• 


•£. 


CTQ    Z 
2    C8 


B 

SO    p 
3   a 


lo 


3  =         — 


o  s 

3    P^- 


3  r 


TO   B 

"1    O 
V    O 


1 


CD 

01 

5: 


• 


"1 

0-  3_ 

3"  %- 

CD  o 
Cr 

2    CD*" 
^    •"* 
—    tn 

-l    O 

D    0                                                                 1 

^  rt' 

CD                                                                             ' 

=•$           «                           \                         f 

^  ~t 
P    SO 

C1-7Q 

CD 

2.°     a           ,  Mti      \ 

-s             M                  1     r 
»  cc       3                 i  \        /i       i 
2        ^               '  '    i  / 

?"  ' 

='  cT        H                     /     '     i  ,   V 

3.  3' 


cc 

O 


a 
w 
a 


•   3      °      °  M 

o  =  3        2 

.  ^  -  2      3 


CO    CD 


I 


<  so 

CO     -1 

VS* 


GO      O 
^'  r^-  t-ta 

sr  :< 


3"  2.= 


o    •  _. 


•|q    0^  3 

3  S^§ 

JO    3    CD 
C    H'  ^  • 

^^    — • 

CKi    3 

CD  J"  crq 


1    S.  rf 

°_  "1    S 

^     3^  CD 
^§0 


H 

a 


3 
M 


M 
CO 

W 


3       td 


13  ^ 

c^^J    jo 

«  T 


33-g1 


r»  - 

co          3 

<rt-  P, 

J  2.°- 

u   £   CD 


w 
w 


S 
O 

w 
r; 

so 


§E      O 


-    s 

55  -^ 

3"*  5 
o  r^ 


3*2.0 

—  CD     M» 

di  — 

CD    CO     SO 

3,  t^  S 


8  command  below  Island  No.  10. 


WAY    _    THE 
GENERAL    POPE    AT    NEW    MADRID. 

" 


U8 


T  v    "TT1  tliffit'Ultie8-      Thp  United    Statee  t»»-Por. 
to   New  Madrid,  and   opened   a   passage   for   steamer!  to 


COLONEL    LEWIS    WALLACE,     OF     THE     ELEVENTH     INDIANA     VOLUNTEEKS     (ZOUAVE     REGIMENT),   AND     HIS    STAFF,     ON     SERVICE 

IN     WESTERN     VIRGINIA. 


This  gallant  officer,  whose  portrait,  with  those  of  his  staff,  we  present  to  our  readers    was  the  commander  of  the  Eleventh  i 

distinguished  himself  by  his  march    upon    Romney,  where    he    surprised  and   defeated    a    large    body  of  Confederates.  Ind  ana  Keg  i 

distinguished  itself  most  nobly  under  the  gallant,  daring,  yet  prudent  leadership    of  Colonel  Wallace.      It  rendered  good  service,  acting  offensively  ^ 
gallantry  and  success,  and  maintaining  itself,  against  all  the  efforts  of  the  enemy,  m  a  difficult  and  dangerous  country. 


99 


101 


GENERAL  GEORGE  F.  SHEPLEY. 


(IKM.I'.AI.     SAMIK1, 


STt'RGIS. 


(ipncr:il  Stnrgis,  born  in  Sliippensburg,  1'a.,  January  lltli.  1822,  was 
irradnatcd  from  tliL-  I'nited  States  Military  Academy,  1S4G;  served  in  the 
Mexican  \Var  :  at  the  opening  of  the  Civil  War  was  appointed  major  of  the 
Fourth  Cavalrv  ;  serwJ  in  Missouri  under  General  Lyon,  whom  Sturgis  sue- 
ceeded  in  command  after  his  death  at  the  battle  of  Wilson's  Creek  ;  was 
made  brigadier  general  of  volunteers,  August  10th,  1801;  was  at  the  battles 
of  South  Mountain.  Antictam  and  Fredericksburg;  brevetted  major  general, 
United  States  Armv,  March  liith.  IS'15. 


General  Shepley,  born  in  Saco,  Me.,  January  1st,  1819,  died  in  Tort- 
land,  Me.  ,  July  20th,  1878.  He  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the  Twelfth 
Maine  Volunteers,  and  participated  in  General  Butler's  expedition  against 
New  Orleans.  In  1802  be  was  appointed  military  governor  of  Louisiana. 
After  tbe  inauguration  of  a  civil  governor  General  Shepley  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  Military  District  of  Eastern  Virginia,  and  became  jhief  of 
staff  to  (ieneral  Weitzel.  He  continued  with  the  Army  of  the  James  to  tbe 
end  of  the  war,  uud  was  appointed  tbe  iirst,  military  governor  of  that  city. 


GENERAL  DARIUS  H.  COUCH. 

General  Conch,  born  in  Southeast,  New  York,  July  23d,  1832,  was 
graduated  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy  in  1846.  He  served  in 
the  Mexican  War,  gaining  the  brevet  of  first  lieutenant  for  gallant  con 
duct  at  Bueiiik  Vista.  In  June,  1861,  he  became  colonel  of  the  Seventh 
Massachusetts  Volunteers ;  WHS  made  brigadier  general  of  volunteers  in  An 
rust,  and  assigned  to  a  division  in  General  Reyes's  corps  ;  was  at  Fair  Oaks, 
Williamsbunr  and  Malvern  Hill:  was  promoted  to  major  general  on  July 
4th,  186:i,  and  took  jwrt  at  Antietam,  Fredericksburg  and  Chancellorsville. 


GENERAL    WILLIS    A.    GORMAN. 

General  Gorman,  bora  near  Flemingsburg,  Ky.,  January  12th,  1814, 
died  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  May  20th,  187G.  He  served  in  tbe  Mexican  War,  and 
was  wounded  at  Buena  Vista.  In  18G1  lie  was  made  colonel  of  the  First 
Minnesota  Regiment,  and  served  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Run.  Ho  was  ap 
pointed  brigadier  general  of  volunteers  on  September  7th,  18C1 ;  was  en 
gaged  at  Fair  Oaks,  South  Mountain  and  Antietam.  lie  was  at  the  head 
of  tbe  Second  Division,  Second  Corps,  till  the  reorganization,  of  tho  anwy 
following  McClellan's  removal. 


EFFECT     OF     THE     GUNBOAT     SHELLS     ON     THE     CONFEDERATES    IN     THE     WOODS,    POET     ROYAL,    S.  0.,    JANUARY     !«,    1862. 


/ 


DEATH    OF    THE    CONFEDERATE    GENERAL    ZOLLICOFFEB,    IN    THE    BATTLE    OF    MILL    SPEINO,    KY.,    .TANCARY    19™,    1862. 


_x 

'. 


'/ 

/Y  fj-^ 


gj^^RpSWfe 


RETREAT    OF    THE    CONFEDERATE 


After  gallantly  enduring  the 
and  a  flight  which    eclipsed  even   „,„  or 
path  of  their  flight  was  encumbered  with 


accoutrements,  arn.s  of  everv 


l  in  tlle  Collrse  of  wllich  tlle  Destroying  circle  of  • 

kn          I''   !i?cordl"g  *°  Governor  Pickens's   account,   is   born  insensible  k>  (i 
sn,  knapsacks-m  a  word,  everything  that  could  facilitate  a  flying  soldier's  sH 


fat/: 


m 


m 


[TON,    DURING     THE     BOMBARDMENT     BY    THE     FEDERAL     FLEET,    ON     THE     AFTERNOON    OF    NOVEMBER    TTH,    1861. 


getting  nearer  and  nearer  to  the  devoted  forts,  General  Dray  ton  gave  orders  for  the  retirement  of  his  men.     The  retreat  soon  ripened  into  a  flight, 
i  flying   from  Fort  Walker  to  Scnll  Creek—  which  eeparates  Hilton  Head  from  the  mainland,  on  which  Blufftou  stands—  threw  everything  away.     The  exact 
been  thrown  away  as  worthless. 


BATTLE     OF     FITTSBURG     LANDING- BURNING     THE     DEAD     HORSES    NEAR     THE    PEACH     ORCHARD. 


(,  \IHI.K  IV.     (  MM  i  i  M.KATE    OATS— AN    INCIDENT    IN    THE    MARCH    OF    GENERAL    PRENTISS'S    DIVISION    FROM    IRONTON    W 

CAPE    (JIRARI)EAU. 

\\;T  liiis  it.<  minir  a*  w.-ll  as  its  tragic  side,  and  among  the  former  is  the  incident  which  we  illustrate.     A  crop  of  oats,  very  carefully  stowed  awa> 
by  some  provident  Cnnf^l.-riit.-,  came   most   opportunely  to  the  aid   of  the  loyal  horses.     That  they  were  duly  paid  for  by  the  Federal 
not  diminish  the  pleasure  their  possession  gave  to  our  troops.  10« 


$»  & 


LIEUTENANT  TILLOTSOVS  NAVAL  BATTERY  OF  BOAT  HOWITZERS  AT  THK  BATTLE  OF  NEW  BKRNE,  N.  0. 


/  . 


"A    CONFEDERATE    TREED  "—CAPTURE    OF    LIEUTENANT    H.    J.    SEGAL,     OF    THE    CONFEDERATE    ARMY,    NEAR    FALLS    CHURCH. 


r    1861,  a  scoutin°-   party  of  eighteen    men,  under   Lieutenant  Colonel  Winslow  and  Captain  Shattuck,  of  the  Ihirty- 
unteers,  were    out   in    the  vicinity  of  Falls    Church,   Va.     As  they  were  proceeding   cautiously  through    a   dense  wood 
M,CJ  iiearu  mo  uiuinp  ui  nurses  aim  the  jingle  of  sabre  scabbards.     The  lieutenant  colonel  and  the  captain,  ordering  their  men  to  halt    \\e 
In  a  short  time  one  of  them  came  upon  an  open  space,  where  he  saw  four  Confederates  seated  under  a  large  chestnut  tree,  engagei    in  e: 
The  Confederates   saw  him,  and   sprang   upon    their   horses.      The    officer   cried,  in    a   loud  voice,   "  Charge  !"     By  the  time  the  scou 
up  the  four  gallant  horsemen  were  beyond  pursuit.     Our  men  were  about  gathering  up  the   spoils   of  victory,  when  they  saw  an 


On  Friday,  the  4th  of  October 
seventh    Regiment,  K"ew  York  Volunteers 
they  heard  the  tramp  of  horses  and  the  jingl 


gallant  horsemen  were  beyond  pursuit.  „  .  ~      - 

the  roadside.      A  further   search   revealed   its    master,  perched    upon    the    lower   limbs  of   a   large    chestnut, 
brought  him  to  reason,  and  he  surrendered. 


A  dozen    rifles   pointed  at  his  breast,   soon 


o  P 


P  >s  o 

O  C03    - 

*• 


. 


.  a 


o 
C-. 


M 
>• 
H 
H 
tr1 
H 


H 
H 
y: 


2-25 


B  -    s»        W 


K 

c 


o 

O 


TJ 


CD    »  i_i 


B-. 
«.'<! 

* 


1 

ct-  O 


Cfi     CD 


S 

X 

H 


H 

a 


X 

HH 

H 

O 


cc 

a 


o-o  rr" 

B     7T  CD 
e-«- 

311 


^cTS. 

O     >-*» 


£0    *~     ft> 

5-  5"  2  >• 

c:715   ^ 

O   r^-^  HH 

^  --  M 

M   m   a  L 


,  ^  >-^»  — 

ill 

o  s  -^ 

^1-^ 
s  CD  a 


a 
a. 


s 
a 


"! 


111 


GENKKAL     PHILIP     II     SHKK1DAN. 

General  Philip  II.  Sheridan,  born  at  Albany,  N.  V.,  in  1831.  died  in  Nonquitt,  Mass.,  August  5th,  1888,  was  a  graduate  of  United  States  Military 
Academy  at  West  Point  ;  served  in  the  Civil  War,  18G1-'G5  ;  from  army  in  Southwest  Missouri  was  transferred  to  Army  of  the  Cumberland  ;  and  for 
his  successful  operations  at  the  battle  of  Murfreesborough  was  made  major  general  of  Volunteers  ;  in  the  spring  of  18G4  took  command  of  the  cavalry 
corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  ;  was  in  tbe  battle  of  the  Wilderness  ;  and  in  the  fall  of  18G4  was  made  major  general  ;  in  the  spring  of  18G;>, 
through  his  successful  operations  at  the  battle  of  Five  Forks,  and  others,  the  Confederates  were  compelled  to  abandon  Petersburg  and  Richmond  ; 
present  at  the  surrender  of  General  Lee  at  Appomattox,  April  9th,  1865.  In  1809  he  was  made  lieutenant  general,  and  assigned  to  the  command 
of  the  Missouri  Division,  with  headquarters  at  Chicago. 


GENERAL  JOHN  A.  DIX. 


General  Dix,  born  in  Boscawcn,  N.  H..  July  24tL,   1798,  died  in  New  York  city,  April  21st,  1879.     In  December,  1812,  he  was  appointed  cadet,  and 
ping  to  Baltimore,  aided  his   father,   Major    Timothy  Dix  of  the   Fourteenth  United    States   Infantry.      He  was  made   ensi 


going 


his  regiment,  taking  part  in  the  operations  on  the  Canadian  frontier. 


ensign  in  1813,  and  accompanied 
Subsequently  he  served  in  the  Twenty-first   Infantry  at  Fort  Constitution,  N.  H., 


where  he  became  second  lieutenant  in  March,  1814;  was  adjutant  to  Colonel  John  D.  B.  Walback,  and  in  August  was  transferred  to  the  Third  Artillery. 
In  1819  he  was  appointed  aid-de-camp  to  General  Jacob  Brown,  then  in  command'  of  the  Northern  Military  Department,  and  stationed  at  Brownsville. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  formation  of  the  Union  Defense  Committee,  and  was  its  first  president.  On  the  Pres 
ident's  first  call  for  troops  be  organized  and  sent  to  the  field  seventeen  regiments,  and  was  appointed  one  of  the  four  major  generals  to  command  the 
New  York  State  forces.  In  July,  18C1,  General  Dix  was  sent  to  Baltimore  to  take  command  of  the  Department  of  Maryland,  and  it  was  through  his 
energetic  and  judicious  measures  that  the  State  and  the  city  were  prevented  from  going  over  to  the  Confederate  cause.  In  1863  he  was  transferred  to 
New  York  as  commander  of  the  Department  of  the  East,  which  place  he  held  until  the  close  of  the  war. 

113 


::  *- 

•  • 


114 


a  _  a> 


-D  a 
a.  o 


M 

3  o  W 
ct>  s  2 
o-o  cp 


§2! 

" 


§ 


I    3 


0-3 


3    N 

II 

1  § 

Sio. 
a 

CX5    & 


CB  -3 

£  3' 


s1 : 
n>  • 


P-S: 

CB 


•• 


— 

o 


o  i—  i 
2.3 


2 

3    o 


"" 

^»m 
»*  — . 

3     <Tf 

S* 

^  53 


fc        :^P 


1     O>    5 

s:l 

i*| 

s  §  « 

'SoE'B 

a>   «H  ~- 

»  co  c 
o  ,_  rt 


5 

pa 

CO 
CO 

C 
M 


PH 
W 


fc-.fi  .S 

o  »  o 


-1" 


""    O 

?      M 


co 

H 

1 


I      3 


^    *^    3 
*M     S3  **— <  '"* 


^     a^Sa 

•  —  CO  t^ 

M  Ct     «     ^^ 

K        ^?  c    " 
O       s  o'"  ® 


H 
CO 


!*<       *S."o 


H 
W 


H 
J 

g 


boC 


g 
• 


W       fe-"  " 


P3       _S  i, 

O 


9     o     «>co 

H  a"S      Or-, 

^  _•£  2 
I      Ifll 

,—  —^       ta       O    r    J 

PH        ^3  ™'> 

Pq  §  C3    O  ^ 

^         ^-  —  r3   o 

^  '-2  o  ^ 


5  3  >. 


5—  '  = 


110 


•S-e 

o 


•-   3"  o 

JQ    O>    3 


S-JB 

CD     P 


Ef& 


Op- 


W 

S5 

H 
P 
H 


^S?  2 

r-t-  M  ^""3 

O    o    3  H 

^    O    P_  C/3 

Ml  I 

=  25'  o 

CD          3 


3    tt 
" 


i       Q 


O 
H 


1^          £ 


5-.0,       S 


1 

M 


3"crS      22 


oo    C^  O 

-2^2  H 

o^  SL  '-^ 

-  o  S  H 

-'•^  o  tj 


o 
O 


?  g  ~     d 

0  3  "      co 

d    C?  " 


O    oa 


a 
o 

*PI    3 

-^  ®  t— I 


Cj  3 


rrS,^       H 
p  _ -J3'      td 


^     CQ    • 


o  0 

P 


H 

a 


O 
O 


—  °  s?1 

"^  P  i  gi 

P  >7^  ?? 

c-5  W 

P    3  f> 


o 

-5"         P 


1^0 
3    ^± 


o 


c 

f 

I  '•••",' 


117 


(TKXEKAL  JAMES  SHIELDS. 

Gsneral  Shields,  born  in  Dnngannon,  County  Tyrone,  Ireland,  in  1&10, 
died  in  Ottumwa  la.,  June  1st,  1879,  lie  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in 
1826;  studied  law,  and  began  practice  at  Kaskaskia,  111.,  in  1832.  When 
the  Mexican  War  began  lie  was  appointed  a  brigadier  general  and  was 
assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Illinois  contingent.  At  C'erro  Gordo  he 
gained  the  brevet  of  major  general,  and  was  shot  through  the  lung.  He 
was  mustered  out  on  the  20th  of  July,  1848.  In  18G1,  he  was  appointed 
a  brigadier  general  of  volunteers  and  assigned  to  the  command  of  General 
Lander's  brigade.  After  the  hitter's  death,  and  on  March  23d,  1862,  at 
the  head  of  a  division  of  General  Banks's  army  in  the  Shenandoah  Val 
ley,  he  opened  the  second  campaign  with  the  victory  at  Winchester,  Va.  ; 
resigning  his  commission  on  the  28th  of  March,  1863. 


COLONEL  EVERETT  PEABODY. 

Colonel  Peabody,  born  in  Springfield..  Mass.,  in  1831,  died  near  Pitts- 
trarg  Landing,  Tenn.,  April  6th,  1802.  Was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1849; 
became  a  railway  engineer.  Was  colonel  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment, 
Missouri  Volunteers,  and  was  killed  at  Shiloh.  Upon  his  joining  the 
forces  under  General  Grant  the  command  of  a  brigade  under  General 
Prentiss  was  assigned  him,  and  on  the  field  at  Pittsburg  Landing  ho  wr; 
acting  brigadier  on  the  exposed  right  of  the  army,  nearest  the  enemy.  To 
his  alertness  and  bravery  is  in  great  part  due  frhe  saving  of  our  army  on 
the  field  of  Pittsburg. 


GENERAL    JOHN    M.    SCHOF1ELD. 

_j^**' 

General  Schofield,  born  in  Chautauqua  County,  N,  Y.,  September  29th, 

31.  was  graduated  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy  in  1853.     At 

the   opening  of   the   Civil  War  he   entered  the  volunteer  service  as  major 

3f   the   Pirst    Missouri    Volunteers    April    26th,  1861,  and    was    appointed 

f  of  staff  to  General  Nathaniel  Lyon,  with  whom  he  served  during  his 

campaign    in    Missouri;    was    appointed    brigadier    general    of    volunteers 

.November  21st,  1861,  and  major  general  November  29th,  1862.     He  took 

part   in    the   battles   of   Resaca,    Dallas,  Kenesaw    Mountain   and  Atlanta. 

*or   his   services  at  the   battle   of  Franklin  he  was  made  a  brigadier  gen 

eral  and  brevet  major  general  in  the  regular  army. 


118 


GENERAL    DANIEL    E.    SICKLES. 

General  Sickles  was  born  in  New  York  city,  October  20th,  1823  A* 
the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  he  raised  the  Excelsior  Brigade  of  United 
States  Volunteers  in  New  York  city,  and  was  commissioned  by  tho 
President  as  colonel  of  one  of  the  five  regiments  on  September  3^.,  1861. 
The  President  nominated  him  brigadier  general  of  volunteers.  The  Senate 
rejected  his  name  in  March,  1862,  but  confirmed  a  second  nomination.  He 
commanded  a  brigade  under  General  Hooker,  and  gained  distinction  at 
Williamsburg,  Fair  Oaks  and  Malvern  Hill.  At  Chancellorsville  he  displayed 
gallantry  and  energy,  and  at  Gettysburg  he  lost  a  leg.  He  continued  in 
active  service  until  the  beginning  of  1865. 


SHIP    ISLAND,    NEAR    THE    MOUTH    OF    THE    MISSISSIPPI— UNITED    STATES  WAR    STEAMER   "MISSISSIPPI"  FIRING    ON    A 

CONFEDERATE    STEAMER. 


GENERAL    ASBOTH    AND    STAFF    AT    THE    BATTLE    OF    PEA    RIDGE,    ARK.,    MARCH    &TH-STH,     1862. 

The  gallantry  displayed  by  General  Asboth  in  the  victory  of  Pea  Ridge  gives   great   interest   to   the  spirited   sketch   of  himself   and   staff  which 
present  to  our  readers.     Among  the  officers  in  the  sketch  were  Acting  Brigadier  General  Albert,  Brigade  Quartermaster  McKay,   the  voting  comman< 
>f  the  Fremont  Hussars,  Major  George  E.  Waring,  Jr.,  from    New  York    city,  formerly  major  of  the  Garibaldi  Guards,  and  the  freuer.-il's  aids-de-can 
Grille:!  and  Kroll,  etc.     Among  General  Asboth's  most  constant  attendants  was  his  favorite  dog,  York,  a  splendid  specimen  of  the  St.  Bernard  BJ:: '•:;*. 


119 


<.-* 


FSfir8°t\"w 


BATTLE     OF     ROANOKE     ISLAND,    FEBRUARY     8-m,    1862—  DECISIVE     BAYONET     CHARGE     OF    T.IJJ 

'^  T^\  ^  ?,ceiTe  *he  *•*««»'  charge  «f  the  .on.vcs,  who  were  th^n   in    the  very  act  of 
had  advanced  on  the  battery  by  a  flank  movement  on  the  left,  planted  the  Stars  and  Stripes  i-l 


. 


NEW    YOKE    VOLUNTEERS     (HAWKINS'S     ZOUAVES),     ON     THE     THEEE-GUN     BATTEKY. 

nging  over  the  parapets,   fled  in    utter  confusion,  throwing  away  their   arms   and    accoutrements  to  facilitate  their  escape.      It  was  at  this  important  momen' 

i'lmph  over  the  ramoarts. 

21 


THE     UUKXSIDE     EXPEDITION     MELANCHOLY     DEATHS     OF     COLONEL     ,T.   W.    ALLEN,     SI  RGEON     WALLER     AND     THE     SECOND     MATE     OI 

THE     "ANN     E.    THOMPSON',"     ON     JANUARY     liVm,     1862,    NEAR     HATTERAS     INLET. 


M>88   OF   THK   "  MONITOR  "-OALLANT    ATTEMPT    OF    THE    OFFICERS    AND    CREW    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    STEAM  El!    -RHODE   ISDAND," 
TO    RESCUE   THE    CHEW    OF    THE    "MONITOR,"    OFF    CAPE    HATTERAS,    AT    MIDNIGHT,    DECEMBER    :!(hj(,    1802. 

The  closing  day  of  1862  will  always  be  a  dark  one  in  our  history,  for  just  on  the  threshold  of  its  birth  the  pet  monster  of  our  ironclads  went  down 
off  HattflM]  with  our  flag  flying  on  its  tower,  and  in  the  midst  of  t»  furious  storm.  Its  sudden  and  nnlooked-fnr  fate  recalled  to  every  mind  that 
memorable  Sunday  in  March  when  it  signalized  iU  advent  to  war  by  driving  back  to  its  Norfolk  retreat  the  terrible  Mcrrimac. 

122 


SCOUTING  PARTY  OF  THE  NINTH  INDIANA  VOLUNTEERS,  OR,  AS  THEY  WERE  CALLED,  "THE  TIGERS  OE  THE  BLOODY  SIXTH. 


DISCOVERY  OF  A  CONFEDERATE  BATTERY  AT  MESSECH'S  POINT  BY  A  SCOUTING  PARTY  OF  THE  TENTH  REGIMENT 

OF  NEW  YORK  ZOUAVES. 


r<      t    t  i  '   ""*">    ""»    oouuiiiiiK     iiiiruuuu    <t    uetise    woou,    Cilllie    SnuaeillV   ] 

Jerates  at  work  upon  an  almost  completed  battery,  which  had  sprung  up  with  magical  rapidity. 


IXA 


p 


1 


A  a 

hit  CD 

5  8? 


1  =  j°      3 

dP         O 

iET M       ^ 
^-> 

i^ 

li     a 


o  1       S 


II  3 

HHC-  H 

II  S 

B   ffi  ^ 

9=    O  ^ 

si  w 

tfQ  "^  ^ 

„.  — .  HH 

30 
c- 

CD  M 

3   <TK  ^ 

c!  g 

"s-  ^ 

o  £  > 


!-     g 


003  a 

rT  ^ 

si  ° 

S   -•  w 


o   M  ° 

O   03  y 

3's  H 

CJQ    c^. 

g  S'  « 

_  to  H 

OB 


-  . 


CD 


3  3 

80  b 
B 

-!  H 

£  a 


o 
a 


rr 

CD 


Q 


,  s 

rt- 

=  a 

S  H 

S"  M 


!z!       H 

CD  H 


CD 

B 


. 


XWi 


ri  °§ 

1    -Sjfj 


Hi  ^1 


•^  SO) 

,"  II 

5  CO) 

P*  o 

H  eg 


c 

K* 


^  .2r= 


H         I  | 

s    «: 


£  £  s 

R  bC- 

^.  Co 

H  '5^ 

H  ^^: 

L'  •—    O 

1  g 

Q  °3 

3  .    ° 

O  i_ 


W       -o 


§      «.S 

S  <c 

S      5  S 
!^       -So 

K        fe^ 


C  c 

^  r-  .1— 


E  ? 
o 


gig 


W 
i-l 
O 


PH         T=  -g 

H         ^j   « 

W         S   g 


M 


. 

—  c 

EC 


w      ^  £ 
S     *~  s 

K  r-       C. 


K       £  ? 

H  o 

C  >- 

*  „ 


- 

O 


>  C  K 

|    s^**- 


3  ~a  Ed 

«"  —  —  3 

yS  £  > 

5"  s1  M  C1 

§  a.  S*  O 
<'  o  o 


CD     P 


2;'-<  oo 


si 


Q 

c-1 


§  o  22. 

~    S    Oi 


§==2 


12. 

p. 

P*3 


_ 

5' 3 


M 

'T) 
M 


o  — 

— 
rt" 

2"3 

II 


M.  Q 


H3 

a 

BJ 


H 

a 
si 


5s  CD 
•^  c*- 
^  O 


•r  s 


3~  < 

CD     —  M 


H 
oo 


b 


^    O 

6  3 


F 

iq 


CD    O 

si 

3  S" 
=!  "• 


o 
g 
w 

H 

s 

tej 


B-      &! 

H 

w 


3  £- 

CD 

3     t^ 

^JT 

o  O 


CD     3 


C    f= 

S"  5. 


0§ 


I—  I 

O 


SI 

o 

M 
TJ 

I 


W. 


H 

w 


Iff  § 

s  s°        o 

aS     3 


P  o 


GENERAL  JOHN  FULTON  REYNOLDS. 

GenenJ  Reynolds,  born  in  Lancaster.  Pa..  September  20t,h,  1820.  died 
near  Gettysburg,  1'a.,  July  1st,  1863,  was  graduated  at  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  in  1843;  served  in  the  Mexican  War  and  was  brevetted 
major  for  services  at  Huena  Vista.  He  was  appointed  military  governor  of 
Kredericksburg,  Va.,  in  May.  1862.  and  was  engaged  at  the"  battles  of 
Meclianicsville,  Gaines's  Mill  and  Glendalf.  where  he  was  taken  prisoner. 
He  rejoined  the  army  on  his  exchange.  August  8th.  1862,  was  engaged  in 
the  campaign  of  Northern  Virginia,  and  commande:!  his  division  at  the 
second  battle  of  Bull  Hun.  lie  was  commissioned  major  general  of  volun 
teers,^  November  29th.  1862;  succeeded  General  Honker  in  command  of 
the  First  Corps  of  the  Army  of  the  I'otomae  :  was  engaged  at  Fredericks- 
burg,  and  at  Gettysburg  he'  was  struck  by  a  rifle  ball  and  killed. 


o       N^yu, 

GENERAL    GODFREY    WEITZEL. 


nnlad,  ""at-  0.,  November  1st,  1835,  died  in 

States  MHitarv  A,,  ]  °v  j  /'  o«  .  ?  '  ****£$?**?*  fr°m  the  UTlit<>(1 
1860,  and  WH  -,tt t  i~i  i  i  :  icca™?  first  ''^'tenant  of  engineers  in 
•>*  <!'"  I'Hann',  'if',:  l'lc,.8UffA;'f  ^neral  Butler  as  chief  engineer 
becan,,.  Jj  '  *•  Gnlf-  After  the  capture  of  New  Orleans  he 

-as  commi !  onecl  b ±1  e'7ne!"!  V"?  ?tin*  ™J<"  «f  the  city.  He 
tain  of  engtoeerl  SRh  aTlsS  ^'"'/eers  August  29th,  1862  ;  cap- 
lieutenant  colon.]'  In,  *  A  °n,  Jllly,,8th'  1863-  »««  wiw  brevetted 
Port  Hud.,,,,  "'7,  Ar"'v 'Tfor  P'lllllnt  services  at  the  siege  of 
•ill  September  1864  i";  r  S"'!'"  L'""™™  Campaign,  and  from^Mny 
18C4,  iJwat'  Arnth.  Ja.es.  In 


GENERAL    GEORGE    C.    STRONG. 

General  Strong,  born  in  Stoekbridge,  Yt.,  October  10th,  183V  died  in 
.New  York  city,  July  30th,  1863,  was  graduated  at  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  in  1857  ;  assigned  to  the  ordnance,  and  in  1859'  became 
assistant  at  Watervliet  Arsenal,  of  which  he  took  command  in  May,  18G1. 
lie  was  ordnance  officer  on  General  McDowell's  staff  at  Bull  Run,  and 
was  then  attached  successively  to  the  staffs  of  General  McOlellan'  and 
General  Butler,  whose  chief  of  staff  he  became  in  May.  1862.  He  com 
manded  the  expedition  from  Shi])  Island  to  Biloxi,  Miss.,  in  April.  1862, 
and  that  to  Ponchatoula  in  September.  He  was  made  brigadier  general 
of  volunteers,  November  29th,  1862  ;  was  on  sick  leave  in  New  York  from 
the  following  December  till  June,  1803,  and  then  commanded  a  brigade  in 
the  operations  against  Charleston,  S.  0.  At  the  assault  on  Fort  Wagner, 
July  18th,  he  was  mortally  wounded.  He  was  at  once  removed  to '"New 
lork  city. 


134 


GENERAL    JOHN    SEDGWICK. 

General  Sedgwick,  born  in  Cornwall,  Conn.,  September  13th,  1813, 
died  near  Spottsylvaiiia  Courthouse,  Va.,  May  Oth,  1864,  was  graduated 
at  the  United  States  Military  Academy  in  1837  ;  served  in  the  Florida 
and  Mexican  Wars,  and  wsis  successively  brovetted  captain  and  major  for 
gallant  conduct  at  Contreras,  Churubusco  and  Chapultepec.  At  the  begin 
ning  of  the  Civil  War  he  was  lieutenant  colonel  of  the  Second  Cavalry  ; 
on  April  25th,  1861,  he  was  promoted  to  the  colonelcy  of  the  Fourth 
Cavalry  ;  and  on  August  31st  was  commissioned  a  brigadier  general  of 
volunteers.  He  took  part  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  and  rendered  good 
service  at  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks.  While  directing  the  placing  of  some 
pieces  of  artillery  in  position  in  front  of  Spottsylvania  Courthouse  he  was 
struck  in  the  head  by  a  bullet  from  a  sharpshooter  and  killed. 


FIRST    DIVISION    OF    PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS,    UNDER    BREVET    MAJOR     GENERAL    CADWALADER,  ENTERING    BALTIMORE    EAR] 

FOR     THE     OCCUPATION     OF     BALTIMORE,    MAY     15ra,   1861. 


SKIRMISH    NEAR    BEAUFORT,    S.    C.,  BETWEEN    CONFEDERATE    CAVALRY    AND    THE    FEDERAL    PICKETS,   DECEMBER    STH,    1861. 

On  December  5th,  1861,  about  eight  o'clock  in  the  evening,  the  first  skirmish  on  land  took  place  between  the  Federal  troops  and  a  party  of  So 
Carolinians.  The  pickets  which  had  been  thrown  out  on  the  shell  road — the  main  and  only  avenue  to  the  village — had  been  stationed  in  their  posit 
but  a  few  moments  before  a  body  of  Confederate  cavalry,  numbering  twenty  or  thirty  men,  came  upon  them,  unexpectedly  to  both  sides.  The  Confeden 
discharged  their  revolvers,  and  hit  one  of  the  Federals  in  the  neck,  inflicting  a  painful  but  not  dangerous  wound.  The  fire  was  returned,  but,  as  it 
dark,  with  what  effect  could  not  be  ascertained.  After  this  the  pickets  were  not  disturbed.  The  spot  where  this  skirmish  took  place  is  about  a  c 
and  a  half  to  the  southwest  of  Beaufort,  on  the  main  road. 


•  T 

.'.A 

'" --      "' 
v 


GALLANT    CHARGE    OF    THE    SEVENTEENTH,   FORTY-EIGHTH    AND    FORTY-NINTH    REGIMENTS    OF    ILLINOIS 

had  a  spectral  look,  from  the  few  deal  ]M  M  Jhi  ^"i*   I)onelso."  .w"?  ma(lu  Thursday  afternoon.      The   surrounding  of  this  intreiichment  were  of  the  worst 
Seventeenth,  Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth    RAO  u     Jf  bra»ches.      Beyond   this  was  a  very  steep  hillside,  on  which  the  intreiichment  was  formed. 

'  after  losing  forty  men  killed  and  two         d"    1  'd  d   g  °"  th°  ^  '    but  the  "at"re  °f  the  Sround  was  to°  much  for  them'  and  after  a  ?all;l" 


-,  x/     U1-/V-V 


JINTEERS,    LED     BY     COLONEL     MORRISON,    ON     THE    OUTWORKS     OF     FORT     DONELSON,    FEBRUARY     13TH,    1862. 

lo  character  for  our  troops.     In  front  of  the  intrenchment  was   a  quantity  of  fallen  timber,  and  the  ground  was   full   of   underbrush   and  oak  scrub.     These 

is  was  defended    by  a  long   line   of    rifle    pits.     About    two    o'clock    in    the  afternoon  General    McClernand   gave   the   order   to   charge,  and   at   the   word    the 

desperate  conflict,  in  which  many  fell  without  seeing  their  foe.  Colonel  Morrison,  who   had  led  them  like  a  hero,  ordered  them  *-.o  retire.     This  was  done  in 


THIRD    RHODE    ISLAND    VOLUNTEERS    DRIVING    THE    CONFEDERATE    SHARPSHOOTERS    FROM    THE    WOODS    ON    JAMES    IHLAKJJ, 

SOUTH    CAROLINA,    BY    A    BAYONET    CHARGE,   JUNE    KJTH,   18C2. 


\ 


A    DETACHMENT    OF    THE    NEW    YORK    RIFLES  FIRING    UPON    COMPANY    B    OF    THE    SAME    REGIMENT,   NEAR    WILLETTS    POINT, 

SEPTEMBER    DTK,   1861. 

A  sad  affair  occurred  near  Willett's  Point,  on  Monday  night,  September  9th,  1861,  in  which  two  soldiers  were  shot  dead  and  several  wounded.  A 
company  of  men,  ostensibly  recruited  for  the  New  York  Rifles,  Colonel  Logon  d  re,  were  offered  by  Captain  Cresto,  who  commanded  them,  to  Colonel 
Puaella,  who  was  also  raising  a  regiment,  and  Monday  night  was  fixed  on  for  the  desertion  to  take  place.  At  Captain  Cresto's  request  his  company. 
H.  \v;w  I'hu-rd  on  guard,  and  pickets  were  stationed  near  Roe's  tavern  ;  but  before  tho  time  appointed  Colonel  Legendre  heard  of  the  plot,  and  ordered 
captain  Gossamer  and  Lieutenant  Georgco  to  tako  charge  of  tho  camp.  Patrols  were  sent  out,  who  ordered  every  man  back  to  his  quarters.  Oaptaiu 
Cresto  demanded  the  authority  for  such  a  proceeding,  and  while  they  were  parleying  a  pistol  was  accidentally  discharged  by  one  of  the  ^intended  deserters. 
Tho  detachment  sent  to  stop  their  desertion,  fancying  they  wero  attacked,  "immediately  fired,  aud  killed  privates  Markoe  and  Sassi,  besides  wounding 
leveral  others.  Captain  Cresto  escaped,  but  was  subsequently  captured  near  Flushing. 

133 


CAMP    LILLIE,    HEADQUARTERS     OF     GENERAL     FREMONT,    JEFFERSON     CITY,    MO.,  OCTOBER     IST,   1861. 

Jefferson  City  is  on  the  Missouri  River,  l±'i  miles  from  its  month,  and  125  miles  from  St.  Louis.  It  is  on  the  direct  route  of  the  Pacific  Railroad. 
The  location  of  Jefferson  City  is  very  striking.  On  the  towering  hill  which  frowns  over  the  Missouri  stands  the  Capitol,  built  of  magnesium  limestone. 
The  town  site  is  seamed  with  sharp  ridges  and  deep  hollows  running  paiallel  with  the  river.  These  had  been  eagerly  taken  advantage  of  in  construct 
ing  the  fortifications.  About  a  mile  to  the  south  of  the  city  was  the  headquarters  of  General  Fremont,  situated  upon  a  beautiful  slope,  commanding  a 
tine  military  prospect.  It  was  called  Camp  Lillie,  after  his  eldest  daughter.  Liilie  Henton  Fremont. 


COOKING    IN    CAMP— THE    KITCHEN    OF    THE    FREMONT    DRAGOONS    AT    TIPTON,   MO. 

Tipton,  which  is  38  miles  from  Jefferson  City,  2G  from  Sedalia  and  13  from  California  City,  is  situated  on  the  Pacific  Railway,  which  passes  through 
Jefferson  City,  and  has  its  terminus  at  Sedalia.  At  all  these  cities  large  bodies  of  troops  were  placed  by  General  Fremont,  so  as  to  enable  him  to 
concentrate,  at  a  very  short  time,  an  overwhelming  force  to  bear  upon  the  Confederates.  Our  sketch  of  the  kitchen  was  made  when  the  army  of  cooks 
were  in  full  preparation  for  the  daily  dinner. 


1 


- 

1-7 

P 


c: 

C 


v.  ts 

u 

^    (3 

C    o 

oo 


'c   rt 
tn 


—  o 
'S  £ 


C  "~ 

>  E 


S  -si 

!>  £  S 

•<!  ^   •* 

CC  ^   c 

H  4  a, 

H  f^  2 

ft  c^ 

W  |° 

§  II 

H  S:  -2 

^<  -^ 

W  ^ 


- 

52     '?  e 


H 
PS 
C 


F£ 

Q. 


"«  5 
00 


Q,      O 


oc 


5  fe 

~ 


I 


c   e. 
c  ^ 


1 


affl 


g 


..  re  5  £  2.2 

S- 1  3  ffl 

»  °°  5  2  3  o 

i-f,  3  ^ .  -1  O    W 


§|i.og| 

^  ^"   O     Q  ,^P 

•J-^^l  ^ 


Q     ?      ~  ,  Q  I      i  (-^ 

^"^   ~*  ^^  h*i 

g-a  ST  ®  2  3-  K 

^  o  °  __  ci-  »  >- 

S  5'  3  "  =w  o  C 

g^Bg-FS-  g 

O    o  O  c/J 


ri* j     !l^  ^ 


£  -^  2  -  c  ^ 

o  "f  g"  s  "^  s=  t-< 

"»  =-    =    ^        3  > 

«-      &,  =-  f—  a: 

i"  5- 1  ffi  1'  *  E 

a: 

3-?r  o  3  s  s  W 

s  3'n- S'1^  ffl  c 


CD     — |- 
C-(D 


l 


SO     3*  ^ 

sr  »    -81 

*       i-3  < 

<  =53-  E: 
I  3.» 


3  o 

—  »  ,'-  c  5" 

r  2  fe  S  £ 

E-  »  S3  2. 


142 


.*•:£§ 


. 

00  „„ 

3-*? 

3   ro   P 


EL-j-  cd 

•""»  > 

— f-  .  j 

^^  H 


•js  i 

o  ^ 
•^  ^ 


a  °  ^ 

I1 1.1'     a 


o>  ii»  z 

C5   5     "^  ^ 

=^-   "=     ~~"  ^ 

^^—  f1 

o  s  2  f- 


H 


p  ^  ? 

32" 


§  § 


O     -5     3 

S     »     <r»- 


±       M 
=t       cc 


^_L  ->  ^^ 

^J     r^-  ^  -<5 

°     ^    n  H 

&S"p:  -M 

I-S1^'  S1 


i-t  a> 
O 


o        o^ 

S        o 


3  3  a 


i 


ADMIRAL,    DAVID    D.    POKIER 


Admiral  Porter,  born  in  Chester,  Delaware  County,  Pa.,  June  8th,  1813.  entered  the  United  States  Navy  as  midshipman  on  February  !Jd,  18SJ9, 
:rt,:sed  in  the  Mediterranean,  and  then  served  on  the  Coast  Survey  until  he  was  promoted  to  lieutenant,  February  27th,  1841.  lie  was  in  the 
Mediterranean  and  Brazilian  waters  until  1845,  when  lie  was  appointed  to  the  Naval  Observatory  in  Washington  ;  and  in  1846  he  was  sent  by  the 
government  on  a  secret  mission  to  Hayti,  and  reported  on  the  condition  of  affairs  there.  He  served  during  the  entire  Mexican  AVar,  had  charge  of 


from  the  18th  to  the  24th  of  April,  1802,  during  which  engagement  twenty  thousand  bombs  wore  exploded  in  the  Confederate  works.  In  July 
Ar.miral  Porter  was  ordered  with  ins  mortar  flotilla  to  Fort  Monroe,  where  lie  resigned  charge  of  it,  and  was  ordered  to  command  the  Mississippi 
8c  -adron  as  acting  rear  admiral  in  September,  1802.  For  his  services  at  Vicksburg  Porter  received  the  thanks  of  Congress  and  the  commission  of 
rear  admiral,  dated  July  4th,  1803.  Soon  afterward  he  ran  past  the  batteries  of  Vicksburg,  and  captured  the  Confederate  forts  at  Grand  Gulf.  On 
August  1st,  1803,  he  arrived  at  New  Orleans  in  his  flagship  Blai-k  Hawk,  accompanied  by  the  gunboat  Tuscumbia.  In  the  Spring  of  1864  he 
.ro-operated  with  General  Hanks  in  the  unsuccessful  Red  River  expedition.  In  October,  18C4,  he  was  transferred  to  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron,  lie 
tppevad  at  Fort  Fisher  on  December  24th,  1864,  and  began  to  bombard  the  forts  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cape  Fear  River.  The  works  were  captured 
January  15th,  1865,  by  a  combined  body  of  soldiers,  sailors  and  marines,  after  seven  hours  of  desperate  fighting.  Admiral  Porter  received  a  vote  of 
llmnks  from  Congress,  which  was  the  fourth  that  lie  received  during  the  war.  lie  was  promoted  vice  admiral  July  25th,  1865.  and  admiral  of  -.h/i 
o»V  August  15th,  1870.  Died  m  Washington,  D.  C.,  February  13th.  1831. 

144 


sd 


H 

a 

si 


o 

(K 
H 

K> 

H 
H 
cc 

t> 
W 


H 

W 


o 


co 


§ 


t) 
o 


•  i   i  m 


;M-\i, 


STOBMING    OP    FOBT    DONELSON-DECISIVE    BAYONET    CHARGE    OF    THE    IO\  SECOND    REGIMENT    ON    THE    CONFEDERATE    INTlj 

The  Iowa  Second  Regiment  led  the  charge,  followed  by  the  rest  in  their  order.     The  sighis  sublime.     Onward  they  sped,  heedless  of  the  bullets  :ml 
this  gap  they  were  bound  to  go.     Right  up  they  went,  climbing  upon  all  fours,  their  line  of  <-blue  clothing  advancing  regularly  forward,  the  white  lux  I 
over    the    works— they  fall— they  are   lost!     Another   group,  and   still   another  and   another,  i    up   the   gap.     All  k  covered  in  smoke.    The  lodgment 
10-poundcrs  was  tugging  up  the  hill,  the  horses  plunging,  the  riders  whipping.    Upward  the)  where  never  vehicle  went  before— up  the  precipitous  and* 
the  Parrott  guns  at  the  flying  enemy.     The  day  was  gained,  cheers  upon  cheers  rent  the  air,   in  a  few  minutes  all  was  hushed." 


[MENTS    AT    FORT    DONELSON,   FEBRUARY    15iH,    1862,     RESULTING    IN    THE    CAPTURE    OF    THE    WORKS    ON    THE    FOLLOWING    MORNING. 


g  of  the  enemy  above.  The  hill  was  so  steep,  the  timber  cleared,  that  the  Confederates  left  a  gap  in  their  lines  of  rifle  pits  on  this  crest  of  hill.  Through 
•noke  from  the  top  of  the  works  opposed  by  a  line  of  the  Federal  troops.  "  They  reach  the  top.  Numbers  fall.  The  surprise  was  breathless.  See,  they  climb 
ie ;  the  troops  swarm  up  the  hillside,  their  bright  bayonets  glittering  in  the  sun.  The  firing  slaekens.  Close  behind  the  brigade  Captain  Stone's  battery  of  rifled 
•ed  sides  of  the  hill.  No  sooner  on  the  crest  than  the  guns  were  unlimbered,  the  men  at  their  posts.  Percussion  shells  and  canister  were  shot  spitefully  fron» 


169 


f?m , 

:^"     v  --.'    '-         •  '.-'•-      ,. 


THE    POTOMAC'     RIVER    FROM    THE    HEIGHTS    OF    GREAT    FALLS,    BY    MAJOR    WEST,   OF 
CAMPBELLS     PENNSYLVANIA     AKTILLEKY,    OCTOBER    4-ni,    1861. 

.October  4th,  1861,  Major  West,  of  Campbell's  Pennsylvania  Artillery,  was  ordered    to   shell   a   barn      i  which    the, 
w   JTi  ;.,:  Is   ±     T   r°vi~   -d    Wl"«    w"/,»°™d-     ^    "^r.therefoiV^la^    .    ftrrott    g^ 
de  iith "all  1  £,1  "for  the  LVEma  w^    °'    t'R'"1   fuH   ^  the  ^  whioh  h'Kl   £hfl  effecfc  "f  "^ou^g  a  number  ofconfedeS 


cavalry,  who 


TS    OF    THE    TWO    AEMIES    NEAR    MUNSON'S 
vMunson's  Hill  is  about  five  miles  from  the  Chain  Brid™ 

our   pickets  were   stationed,  and  about  throo    nil      *P'    • i       *  1^>rthcrn  6ljc  of  the  Leesburjr 
«1  strong  pickets,  which  frequently  c7mc ?  into  i:*l!18Jl?0 ,?f 


-THK    IIILL    „    TnE    MSTANCE 


about  one  mile  from  Bailey's  Crossroads, 

«  Neighborhood 


GENEKAL    WINFIELD    SCOTT    HANCOCK 

General  Hancock,  born  in  Montgomery  Square,  Montgomery  County,  Pa.,  February  14th,  1824,  died  on  Governor's  Island,  New  York  harbor, 
February  9th,  188C,  was  graduated  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy,  July  1st,  1844.  He  was  at  once  brevetted  second  lieutenant  in  the  Sixth 
Infantry,  and  assigned  to  duty  at  Fort  Towson,  Indian  Territory.  Served  in  the  Mexican  War,  and  was  brevetted  first  lieutenant  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  conduct  at  Contreras  and  Churtibtisco.  From  1848  till  1855  he  served  as  regimental  quartermaster  and  adjutant,  being  most  of  the  time 
stationed  at  St.  Louis.  On  November  7th,  1855,  he  was  appointed  assistant  quartermaster,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  and  ordered  to  Fort  Myers,  Fla., 
where  General  Ilarney  was  in  command  of  the  military  forces  operating  against  the  Seminoles.  He  served  under  this  officer  during  the  troubles  in 
Kansas  in  1857-'58,  and  afterward  accompanied  his  expedition  to  Utah.  He  was  commissioned  a  brigadier  general  of  volunteers  by  President  Lincoln, 
September  23d,  1801,  and  at  once  bent  all  his  energies  to  aid  in  the  organization  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  During  the  Peninsula  campaign  under 
General  McOlellan  he  was  especially  conspicuous  at  the  battles  of  Williamsburg  and  Frazier's  Farm.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  subsequent  campaign 
in  Maryland,  at  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  First  Division  of  the  Second  Army  Corps  on 
the  battlefield  during  the  second  day's  fight  at  Antietam,  September  .17th,  1862.  He  was  soon  afterward  made  a  major  general  of  volunteers,  and 
commanded  the  same  division  in  the  attempt  to  storm  Marye's  Heights  at  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  December  13th,  1862.  In  the  three  days' fight 
at  Chancellorsville,  in  May,  18G3,  Hancock's  division  took  a  prominent  part.  At  Gettysburg  lie  commanded  on  the  left  centre,  which  was  the  main  point 
assailed  by  the  Confederates,  and  was  shot  from  his  horse.  Though  dangerously  wounded,  he  remained  on  the  field  till  he  saw  that  the  enemy's  assault  was 
broken.  Disabled  by  his  wound,  he  was  not  again  employed  on  active  duty  until  March,  1864.  On  March  12th,  1864,  he  was  appointed  a  brigadier 
general  in  the  Regular  Army  for  gallant  and  distinguished  services  in  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania  and  Cold  Harbor,  and  in  all  the 
operations  of  the  army  in  Virginia  under  Lieutenant  General  Grant.  In  the  movement  against  the  Southside  Railroad,  which  began  October  26th, 
General  Hancock  took  a  leading  part,  and,  although  the  expedition  failed,  his  share  of  it  was  brilliant  and  successful.  This  was  his  last  action.  On 
July  26th,  1866,  he  was  appointed  a  major  general  in  the  Regular  Army,  and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Department  of  the  Missouri.  He 
was  relieved  at  his  own  request,  March  28th,  1868,  and  given  the  command  of  the  Division  of  the  Atlantic,  with  headquarters  in  New  York  city. 

145 


r 

a 
So 

eS 

%H 
O 

b 


—   o 

o:  ~ 

o 


r/; 

2 

«w  £ 


is 

-2  c 

-3     C 

3  j>. 

o  S 


-w     O 
C    O 

tx:  = 


>•;  0> 

I— I  !-.    ^J 

W  =22 

X  o   ™ 


H         P ; 


M        2> 

a     2 

H    -r 


o   > 

S   c 


• 


If,     CO 

O 
c3  T 


sl 

0  g 

O    cu 


c 
5 


P,- 

-«. 

<D" 


H 

§ 


148 


GKNKIIAL     GKOKGK     G.    MKADK. 

General  Meade.  burn  in  Cadiz,  Spain,  Heeembrr  Hist,  1 815.  died  in 
Philadelphia.  1'a..  November  0th,  Is;-.',  wa<  graduated  from  the  Ur'ted 
States  Military  Academy  in  Is:;."),  and  lieiran  active  service  in  the  Seminole 
War  in  the  same  year,  as  second  lieutenant,;  upon  the  call  to  arms  in 
1801,  he  was  made  brigadier  general;  fought  valiantly  at  Mechanicsville, 
Gaines's  Mill  and  at  Cross  I  toads.  \'a..  where  he  was  wounded;  at  An- 
tietain  he  took  charge  of  (ieneral  Hooker's  corps  upon  the  latter  being 
wounded.  In  180'.',  he  was  made  major  general,  and  on  June  28th,  1862, 
a  message  from  Washington  arrived  on  the  field  with  orders  for  Meade  to 
relieve  Hooker  as  commander  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  On  July  1st 
he  met  Lee  at  Gettysburg,  where  the  greatest  battle  of  the  war  was 
fought. 


GENERAL    JAMES    I?.  Mcl'HERSON. 

General  McPherson,  horn  in  Sandusky,  Ohio,  November  14th,  1828, 
died  near  Atlanta,  Ga.,  July  22d,  1804,  was  graduated  at  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  in  1853.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  he  applied 
for  active  duty  with  the  army  in  the  'field,  where  his  promotion  was  very 
rapid.  When  active  operations  began  in  the  spring  of  18G2  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  staff  of  General  Grant,  with  whom  he  served  as  chief  engi 
neer  at  Fort  Henry,  Fort  Donelson,  Shiloh  and  the  siege  of  Corinth.  Ho 
repulsed  the  Confederates  at  Canton,  Miss.  ;  second  in  command  to  General 
Sherman  in  the  expedition  to  Meridian  in  1864 ;  and  commanded  the 
Seventeenth  Army  Corps  in  the  great  four  months'  campaign  of  1864  that 
ended  in  the  capture  of  Atlanta,  near  where  he  was  killed. 


GENERAL   JOHN    A.  LOGAN. 

General  Logan,  born  in  Jackson  Count}',  111.,  February  !Hh,  1S2G,  died 
in  Washington,  1).  C.,  December  20th,  1880.  In  July,  ISO'l,  lie  fought  in 
the  ranks  of  Colonel  Richardson's  regiment  in  the  battle  of  Bull  llun. 
In  August  he  organized  the  Thirty-first  Illinois  Infantry,  and  was  appointed 
its  colonel,  September  13th.  He  led  his  regiment  in  the  attack  on  Fort  Henry 
and  at  Fort  Donelson,  where  lie  received  a  wound  that  incapacitated  him 
for  active  service  for  some  time.  He  was  made  brigadier  general  of  vol 
unteers,  March  5th,  1802;  during  Grant's  Northern  Misssissippi  campaign 
General  Logan  commanded  the  Third  Division  of  the  Seventeenth  Army 
Corps  under  General  McPherson,  and  was  promoted  major  general  of 
volunteers. 


liiO 


GENERAL    GEORGE    H.  THOMAS. 

General  Thomas,  born  in  Southampton  County,  Va.,  July  31st,  1S1G, 
died  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  March  28th,  1870,  was  graduated  from  the 
United  States  Military  Academy,  Jnly  1st,  1840,  and  commissioned  second 
lieutenant  in  the  Third  Artillery;  served  in  the  Florida  War,  1840-'i2  ; 
Mexican  War  184G-'48 ;  War  against  the  Seminoles  1849-'50.  lie  was  ap 
pointed  brigadier  general  of  volunteers.  August  17th,  18G1,  and  assigned 
to  duty  on  the  Department  of  the  Cumberland.  On  25th  of  April,  1802, 
he  was  made  major  general.  General  Thomas  served  with  distinction  to 
the  close  of  the  War  and  was  rewarded  \>y  receiving  a  vote  of  thanks 
from  Congress. 


BATTLE     OF     SHILOH,   OR     PITTSBURG 


LANDING— COLONEL    J(  >HNSON 
BUT     (JETS     ONLY 


ENDEAVOEIN<  i 
A     WIG. 


TO     CAPTl'HK     A     CONFEDERATE     OFFICER, 


Colonel  A.  K.  Johnson  of  the  Twenty-eighth  Illinois  Regiment  lias,  (hiring  the  late  war,  shared  in  the  dangers  of  many  a  daring  adventure.  Oi 
the  last  da}'  of  the  action  at  Shiloh,  or  Piltsburg  Landing,  and  while  the  Confederates  were  flying  in  confusion  from  their  works,  three  of  the  officer! 
in  their  flight  passed  very  near  the  place  where  Colonel  Johnson  was  stationed.  The  colonel  instantly  started  in  pursuit.  Coming  within  pistol  range 
he  fired  at  the  nearest  of  his  flying  foes.  This  brought  the  Confederate  officer  down  on  his  horse's  neck.  Colonel  Johnson,  believing  this  to  he  a  feiir 
to  avoid  a  second  shot,  determined  to  drag  him  from  his  saddle  by  main  force.  Riding  up  to  his  side  for  tins  purpose,  he  seized  him  by  the  hair  of  hi: 
head,  hut  to  his  astonishment  and  disgust  he  only  brought  off.  the  Confederate  major's  wig.  Instantly  recovering  his  headway,  he  again  started  for  th( 
delinquent,  but  his  pistol  had  done  its  work,  and  before  the  colonel  reached  him  his  lifeless  body  had  fallen  from  the  saddle. 


'>'      -''--I      L.'     I      i\     '     I     if\fS>\ 


SUCCESSFUL    CHARGE    OF    COMPANY    H,   FIEST    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT     (CAPTAIN    CARRUTH),   ON    A    CONFEDERATE    REDAN 

BEFORE    YORKTOWN,   APRIL    26rfi,  1862. 

On  the  morning  of  Saturday,  April  26th,  1SG2,  Company  II  of  the  First  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  led  by  Captain  Carruth,  made  a  most  brilliant 
sliarge  on  a  Confederate  redoubt,  and  took  it  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet.  It  was  defended  by  a  company  of  the  First  Virginia  Regiment,  who  fought 
with  that  Old  Dominion  valor  which,  to  use  a  phrase  probably  heard  before,  "was  worthy  of  a  better  cause."  The  Federals  were  exposed  to  a  most 
galling  fire  from  the  instant  they  left  the  shelter  of  the  woods  until  they  reached  the  brink  of  the  deep  ditch  fronting  the  parapet. 


151 


•  1 


BOMBARDMENT    OF    FOKT    HENRY— INTERIO1 

The  fleet  of  gunboats  commanded  by  Commodore  Foote  steamed  up  the  channel,  and  reached  the  head  of  the  inland  soon  after  12  o'clock.  At  1*:  34  t 
The  boats    kept  steadily  on,  slowly  but  constantly  in  motion,  and    the  firing  was  kept  up  deliberately  and  with  regularity.      Ihe  shots    so, no •  °*  then,    ivc nt 
in  the  fort  stuck  well  to  their  guns,  and  fired  with  great  coolness  and  accuracy  of  aim.  many  of  their  shots   striking  the   boats.        hoy  lost   the 
thtir  missiles  into  the  fort.     Soon    one  of  the  Confederate  puns  was  dismantled,  and  then  the  fire  from  the  fort  perceptibly  slackened  .et  kq ,t 

eanu       One  shell  burst  directly  over  one  of  the  guns,  and  killed  or  wounded  every  Confederate  at  it.     Commodore  Foote  was 


]W— BURSTING    OF    A    RIFLED    42-POUNDEE    GUN. 

cinnati  opened  with  an  80-pounder  shell  which  screamed  over  the  water,  dropped  squarely  into  the  fort,  and  produced  a  great  commotion  among  the  Confederates 
the  fort  into  the  camp,  and  smashed  the  barracks  about,  making  kindling  wood  of  the  log  huts,  and  sending  terror  and  dismay  to  the  soldiers.  The  artillerists 

ed  42-pounder,  it  bursting  on  the  fourth  fire.     Still  onward  moved  the  boats— straight  on— their  bows  puffing  out  immense  volumes  of  white  smoke  and  sending 

;i,  pouring  in  their  shells  slowly  but  surely.  The  shells  tore  through  the  embankment,  knocked  the  gabions  and  sandbags  about,  and  smothered  the  garrison  with 
was  about  three  hundred  yards  distant  when  the  Confederate  flag  came  down. 

>2-  1A3 


Hl|.-     CITY     OF     FKKi.KKICKsm'KU,    VA.,  FROM     THK     NORTH     SIDE     OF     THE     KAPFAHAXXOCK.-FKOM     A     SKETCH     IJY     OUR     SPECIAL 

AlU'IST     WITH     OKNF.RAL     McDOWELL'S     DIVISION     IN     1M02. 


.;••<' 

•  -txi       vJ 

,/•     --  3?-'-^- 


WKffi 


ADVANCE    OF    OENERAL    ROSECRAXS'S     DIVISION    THROUOH    THE    FORESTS    OF    LAUREL    HILL    TO    ATTACK    THE    CONFEDERATE 

INTRENCHMENTS    AT    RICH     MOUNTAIN. 

General  McClellan's  jilau  for  attacking  the  Confederates  under  General  Garnett  in  Western  Virginia  and  driving  them  beyond  the  Alleghames 
involved  the  surprise  of  a  large  body  strongly  intrenched  at  Rich  Mountain,  in  a  position  commanding  the  turnpike  over  Laurel  Hill.  He  detailed 
General  Itoseerans  to  surprise  them.  This  in  turn  involved  a  circuitous  march  through  the  dense  forests  of  Laurel  Hill,  over  a  wild  and  broken 
country.  General  Rosecnins's  column  of  1,600  men  was  guided  by  a  woodsman  named  David  L.  Hart,  who  described  the  marjh  as  follows:  "We  started 

fallen  timber  and  rocks,  followed  by  the 
was  very  cold.     At  noon  we  came  upon 

...  charges  from  our  guns  immediately  opened  action."    The  result  of  the  battle  is  well  known. 
It  en-led  in  the  utter  rout  and  final  capture  of  the  Confederates  under  Colonel  Pegram,  with  a  loss  of  150  killed  and  300  wounded. 


•vmj'  .~.«.   -»  j,u»j\.       n_-ii    MHS   Kuiucu    uy  a   woodsman    uttulou   1'Hviu   ij.  nan.,   \\rio   iieauriuti 

at  daylight,  and  I  led,  accompanied  by  Colonel  lender,  through  a  pathless  wood,  obstructed  by  bushes,  laurels,  fall 
whole  division  in  perfect  silence.  Our  circuit  was  about  five  miles  ;  rain  fell,  the  bushes  wet  us  through,  and  it  wj 
the  Confederate  pickets,  and  after  drawing  the  dampened  charges  from  our  guns  immediately  opened  action."  Th 


154 


SHILOH  LOG  CHAPEL,  WHERE  THE  BATTLE  OF  SHILOH  COMMENCED,  APRIL  UTH,  18(12. 


GALLANT  CHARGE  OP  THE  SIXTH  REGIMENT,  UNITED  STATES  REGULAR  CAVALRY,  UPON  THE  CONFEDERATE  STUART'S  CAVALRY- 
THE  CONFEDERATES  SCATTERED  IN  CONFUSION  AND  SOUGHT  SAFETY  IN  THE  WOODS,  MAY  OTH,  1862. 


enemy 


At  three  o'clock  p.  M.  on  May  9th,  1862,  eighty  men  of  the  Sixtli  Regular  Cavalry  had  advanced    to  Slatersville,  when   a   considerable   force   of   the 
ly  was   observed  directly  in  front.     The  Sixth  charged  upon  the  Confederates,  and   obliged  them  to  retreat  precipitately.     The  charge  made  by  the 

M'ill       f*J1  Vfl,l  1*V     !l!>      t  Mfi      OOrn  IT!  ATI  AftfT*  Ant      nf     f  lio      clri  »*m  ioli      nm  n     n-*-ilrt*» ,  1  ; ,  1  1  ,  -  -..,  4-n^l       ,,,^      AKn!j.~J      J-l, «  -.     ^t     4-Kn     «-rt»irt»*<i  1      i  »^      nr\r*i  rvionrl      f\$     f  Kn     f.vri/M"iQ  Til  A 


Federal  cavalry  at  the  commencement  of  the  skirmish  was  splendidly  executed,  and  elicited  the  praise  of  the  general  in  command  of  the  troops.  The 
Confederate  cavalry  was  advancing  toward  the  Federals  when  they  formed  in  line  and  waited  the  approach  of  the  enemy.  When  he  had  arrived  suffi 
ciently  near  they  made  dash  upon  him,  cutting  their  way  through  the  line  and  causing  the  utmost  concision  to  prevail,  after  which  they  returned  to 
quarters  by  a  road  leading  through  the  woods  on  the  right  of  the  enemy. 

J.D0 


P    2.W 


3  5o 

CD   rr1  ^ 

&      a- 

p    3J  CD 
1    5=       , 


-• 


Is   ' 


I 

> 

a: 


o 

H 


cc 

W 


fe) 


H 
K 
fel 

M 


O 

d 

> 

H 

M 


Q 
O 


U 
H 


Sd 

H 

I— I 

^ 

hH 
O 

H 


s 

"^' 


B  £? 

3/n    tn 

S-?  o 


3  ..  2 
3  3  s 

"*    o    CD 


-• 

O     3 


—  MO 
^  "d    O 
^  CD     Q-i 


si 

K  M 


trj 

P 


a  o 

CO 


I 

o 
« 

a 


H 

i 
s 

w 

d 

t—  H 

!z| 
a: 

O 


H 

w 
B 

w 

§ 
P 


O    CD 
-1    3     p 


M   3 
so-    § 


t^t  01 

' 


•g. 


O 
H 
W 


w 
d 


CO 


|  !        -i  '-    „,'--*= 

i       i;>cfe 


Ifit 


M 

111^ 


S, 

^ 

o 


Jj  •« 

S3 

_> 

"s's 
s'S 


y  -S  ® 

j-H  ^ 

2  --"^ 

«  :±?  1 


I 

O 


O 

w 


e>  jy 


•«      a; 

-^      3 


-   o 

3 


a      ^ 


O 
H 


W 


,    =£ 

'  T3 


O  -a 

O  £    •£ 

4-3 

K  OJ  ^S 

w  -11 

^  -s* 

>  :s.~ 


§ 

M 
g 
O 


CO 

x 

H 
3 

S 
g 

!S 

03 

1 

« 
O 

w 

H 
5 


W 
Q 

H 


'*% 
1^d 

7  «5 

»>E-S, 
;s  S  | 

a  ^3 " 
p  a  o 
5P=s  — 

73  -4-J 

GO 

>-»  OJ    O 

•=  «5 

»  a3  fl 
^"1 

2|5 

^^'a 

g  a>  * 
2  S  « 

-  g  S 

f   o 

«<H 

o   Jj   ho 

_     •£     fl 

.2  I- 

•f»  "oj    O> 

0    •*"    rd 

S-n53 

I.M 

0>    0)  'o 

55  § 


r*(  =3 


a 

a 

H 

a 


w 
3 

-; 


.  d  ft 

2  S  ... 
•^r=  £ 

!>•     !B 

a     ^ 

III 

-  a  _ 


b  2H 

S  "^ 

^  S-T3 

o  S   a> 

rn  a  S 

S  S 

3 


» 


§ 
§ 


rt    t^T3 
OJ    o    2 

•««§  a 

_2    "  13 

2    O    01 

'C  '-2  d 

o  5  S 
••  beta 

»•;  &o  S 
1^2 

*j  a> 

lo^ 

•811 

a>  u  o 

of. 

ll 


168 


lj 


:•:.!  *- 


1. 


f 


a 

bco 

—     CO 


o 

be 
-  ^ 


-S  ^ 

"c  cu 


~   ci  <P 
—  -*-1  be 

|  *:* 

»J  to    C,  .0 

C  g^    _ 

:  ;fj 

.  ~     r~   f-fi 

W         «  I   § 

c      _=  .^.^ 

•*f*       r_-H  QJ  ~ 

«    ^  £i 


H        l^"8 

Q  ^    o    be 

LZ)  o  -~*    — 

^r          w  o  t_ 
O         5   c  s 


w 


" 


K  ^r-      2 

<  •„  £"3 

C  a^  — 

a  C  be  g 

^ 
< 


a     "«  IB  i 

MH  ci  ~*^t  "— 

HH  "      QJ 

H        -X  c^ 
^  ^  -^ 


tri  "  ^~- 

•<  ^  °  ^ 

^  P  o  be 

£  £•?! 

I-H  C3     O     o 

2  -i 

X  "">-.« 

O  ^£  " 
be      o 

H  o  2  ~ 

|  l|| 

W  "5  *«  = 

r^»  »-     ff 

P-H  c3  •—     Q3 


W  &>  o 

O  "^ 

fi,  fc    C   S 

O  „  *  « 


Iff   *^4 


13  -C 
en    -. 
C    rt    >> 
'S   S   a> 

-^  Sf5 
=  §^ 
c  '"H 

&  2  IS 
as  "3  Jt 

**  0-7= 


-,  •<-"     03 

o  is 


o  be^; 
S  n  .. 

O>     O  -^- 


iPfvV    faj}      *  ^  /    I'  =?    v  •%: 

-jffr7''/  •  ' ,  i'^         -*-x  v'.-Jril.^^xSj-^r'-^'^: 


161 


•TKAVKLTXf!     IN     STATE  "--(iKNKUAL     JJLiLXSIDK     OX     TI1K     1JOAD     FROM     XEW     BEKXE     TO     BEAUFORT,   X.    C. 


BURNING    OF    THE     AMKUICAN     MERCHANTMAN   "  HAKVEV     BIRCH,"   OF     NEW     YORK,    CAPTAIN     NELSON,    IN    THE     BRITISH     CHANNEL, 
BY    THE    CONFEDERATE    STEAMER    "  NASHVIL-LE,"   CAPTAIN     1'EAGRIM,    NOVEMBER     ITiii,    18C1. 

On  the  17th  of  November,  18C1,  the  Harecy  Birch,  &  splendid  New  York  vessel  of  1,480  tons  and  valued  at  $150,000,  was  on  her  way  from  Havre 
to  New  York  in  ballast,  commanded  by  Captain  Nelson,  with  officers  and  crew,  all  told,  twenty-nine  men.  In  latitude  49.G  north,  long  tude  0.52  west, 
»he  was  brought  to  by  the  Confederate  steamer  Nashville,  and  boarded  by  an  officer  and  boat's  crew,  who  took  the  crew  of  tbo  Eir:h  on  board  the 
Nashville,  robbed  the  vessel  of  everything  valuable,  and  then  act  firo  to  it,  the  commander.  Peagrim,  watching  her  destruction  from  his  own  d»c"c> 


1(52 


DESPERATE     ENGAGEMENT,    APRIL     24m,     1802,     BETWEEN     THE     UNITED     STATES     GUNBOAT   "YARUNA,"  COMMANDER    BOGGS,  AND    THH 
CONFEDERATE    STEAM    RAM   "J.  C.  BRECKINRIDGE  "  AND    THE    GUNBOAT  "  GOVERNOR    MOORE." 


of  the    Varunn,  finding   that  the  Confederate  ram  J.  C.  Breckinndf/e  was  about  to  run  into  him,  put   the  vessel  in  such  a  position 
that   ia   henna-   damaged   ho   could   repay  it  with    interest.     On   came  the  ram,  all  clad  with  iron  about  the  bow,  and  hit  the  Varunn  m  the  port  waist, 

"     and  cleared  out  to  butt  again.     Site  hit  the  Varuna  a  second  time,  and  while  in  a  suiting 


C-iptain 


cu 

CO 


tlino-  and   crushin"-   iu   her   sido.     She  dropped. alongside,  and  cleared  out  to  butt  again.     She  hit  the  Varuna  a  si 
ndiiTon  the  Varuna  poured  her  8-inch  shells  into  her  so  fast  that  the  Confederate  was  set  on  fire  and  driven  on  shore. 


INFERNAL     MACHINE     DESIGNED     BY     THE     CONFEDERATES     TO     DESTROY     THE     FEDERAL    FLOTILLA    IN     THE    POTOMAC     DISCOVERED 

BY    CAPTAIN    BUDD    OF    THE    STEAMER   "RESOLUTE." 

An  infernal  machine  designed  by  the  Confederates  to  blow  np  the    Pawn**  and   the  vessels    of  the  Potomac  flotilla,  which  J^f  ^^JJJJt^JjJl 
Creek,  was  picked  up  on  the  7th  of  Julv,  1861.  floatino-  toward  the  Pawnee.    The  following  description  of  the  article  was  sent  to  .n,i  w  Hi  larm 

"  Two  large   eighty-gallon  oil  casks,  perfectly  watertight,  aotino-  as  bnovs.  connected  bv  twenty-five  fathoms  of  three-and-a-half. 

squares  of  cork,  every  two  feet  secured  to  casks  bv  iron  handles.     A  heavv  bomb  of  boiler  iron,  fitted  with  a  brass  tap  and  li  P°™er»  ™* 

pended    to   the   casks   six   feet    under   water.     On' top  of  the  cask  wa*  n  wooden  box.  with  fuse  in  a  gutta-percha  tube.     In  the  centre  < 
a  platform  with  a  gre-il  length  of  fuse  coiled   awny.  rr.oiipyir.g  the  middle  of  the  cask." 

103 


General  Avfi-ill,  born  in  Cameron.  Steiiben  County,  N.  Y.,  November 
5th,  IS:!'.',  was  graduated  at.  tin;  United  States  .Military  Academy  in  June, 
1855.  ami  assigned  to  the  mounted  rilleinen.  He  was  promoted  to  be  first 
lieutenant  of  the  mounted  riflemen,  May  14th,  1S01,  and  was  on  staff  duty 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Washington,  participating  in  the,  battle  of  Bull 
Kim  and  other  engagements,  until  August  23d,  18(11,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  colonel  of  the  Third  I'ennsvl vania  Cavalry.  He  was  engaged  with 

the   Army  of    the    I'oi ic.  in    its   most    important  campaigns.      In    March, 

1803,  he 'began  the  series  of  cavalry  raids  in  Western  Virginia  that  made 
his  name  famous.  His  services  were  continuous  up  to  May,  1805,  when  lie 
resigned,  having  been  brevetted  major  gene:ul  in  the  meantime. 


GENERAL     .TUHSOV     KILPAT1UCK. 

General  Kilpatrick    born  near    Deckertown,  N.  J.,  Januarv  14th,  1836, 

...Valparaiso    Chili,  December    4th,   1881,  was   graduated    from    the 

Stales   \  ihtary  Academy  in  18(51;  was  appointed  a  captain  of  vol- 

'r'\i       >',    th,5    Vr«nu,ted    first    lieutenant    of  artillery  in    the    Regular 

Army  May  14th,  1801  ;  was  wounded  at  Big  Bothe]  and  disabled  for  several 

was    engage.!  in  various  skirmishes  in  the  Western  Virginia  cam- 

paigii  and  at  the  second    battle  of   Bull    Run  ;  took   rart  in  the  battle  of 

ttysburg,  earning  there  the   brevet  of   lieutenant    colonel  in  the  United 

Army  :  was   brevetted   colonel    for  bravery  at  Resaca.  and    promoted 

major  general  of   volunteers,  June  18th,  18C5.    'He  resigned    his  volunteer 

commission  oil  January  1st,  1886. 


GENEKAL     GORDON     GRANGER. 

General  Granger,  born  in  Xow  York  in  1S21,  died  in  Santa  Fe,  N.  M., 
January  10th,  IST'i,  was  graduated  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy  in 
1845  ;  took  part  in  the  principal  battles  of  the  Mexican  War.  When  the  Civil 
War  began  he  served  on  the  staff  of  General  McClellan  in  Ohio  ;  then  in 
Missouri  ;  was  brevetted  major  for  gallant  services  at  Wilson's  Creek  ;  and 
on  September  '-M,  1801,  became  colonel  of  the  Second  Michigan  Cavalry ; 
on  March  2i!th,  1SH2,  he  was  made  a  brigadier  general,  and  commanded 
the  cavalry  in  the  operations  that  led  to  tiie  fall  of  Corinth.  Ho  became 
a  major  general  of  volunteers  on  September  17th,  1802.  lie  distinguished 
himself  in  the  battles  of  Chickarnauga  and  Missionary  Ridge.  On  January 
loth,  1800,  he  was  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service. 


164 


COLONEL     E.  E.   CROSS. 

Colonel  Cross,  born  in  Lancaster,  X.  II.,  April  22d,  1832,  died  near 
Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July  2d,  1803.  In  I860  he  held  a  lieutenant  colonel's  com 
mission  in  the  Mexican  Army,  but  when  the  news  of  the  attack  on  Fort 
RH inter  reached  him  ho  at  once  resigned  and  offered  his  services  to  the 
Governor  of  New  Hampshire  ;  organized  tho  Fifth  Xew  Hampshire  Regi 
ment  and  was  commissioned  as  its  colonel;  distinguished  himself  in  many 
important  engagements.  ITe  was  mortally  wounded  at  Gettysburg  while 
leading  the  First  Division  of  the  Second  Army  Corps. 


DESPERATE     SKIRMISH     AT     OLD     CHURCH,    NEAR     TUNSTALL'S     STATION,  VA.,  BETWEEN     A     SQUADRON     OF     THE     FIFTH     UNITED     STATES 
CAVALRY    AND     STUART'S     CONFEDERATE     CAVALRY,    JUNE     13™,    1862— DEATH     OF     THE     CONFEDERATE     CAPTAIN     LATANE. 

The  Confederate  cavalry  raid  was  first  to  Old  Church,  where  they  had  a  skirmish  with  a  squadron  of  the  Fifth  United  States  Cavalry,  who  gallantly 
cut  their  way  through  the  greatly  superior  numbers  of  the  enemy,  killing  a  Confederate  captain.  The  Confederates  then  proceeded  to  Garlick's  Landing, 
on  the  Paminikey  lliver,  and  only  four  miles  from  the  White  House  ;  thence  to  Tunstall's  Station  ;  thence  to  Baltimore  Crossroads,  near  Xew  Kent 
Courthouse,  on  their  way  to  Richmond,  which  they  reached  by  crossing  the  Chickahomhiy,  between  Bottom's  Bridge  and  James  River. 


BATTLE    OF    SHTLOH,   OR    PITTSBURG    LANDING— LEFT    WING- THE    WOODS    ON    FIRE     DURING    THE     ENGAGEMENT    OF    SUNDAY, 

APRIL     OTH,    1862— FORTY-FOURTH    INDIANA    VOLUNTEERS     ENGAGED. 

The  right  wing  of  General  Hurlbut's  division  stopped  the  advance  of  the  Confederates  by  a  determined  defense  along  a  side  road  leading  through 
the  woods  on  the  right  of  the  field.  The  Twenty-fifth  and  Seventeenth  Kentucky  and  Forty-fourth  and  Thirty-first  Indiana  Regiments  were  engaged. 
By  some  means  the  dry  leaves  and  thick  underbrush  which  covered  this  locality  took  fire,  filling  the  woods  with  volumes  of  smoke,  and  only  discovering 
the  position  of  the  opposing  forces  to  each  other  by  the  unceasing  rattle  of  musketry  and  the  whizzing  of  the  bullets. 

165 


Ibti 


•"   :  -r    "  ^-..V-" 


MARTIN'S     MASSACHUSETTS    BATTERY     C     OPENING     FIRE     ON     THE     CONFEDERATE     FORTIFICATIONS     COMMANDING     THE     APPRO  ACIIEH 

TO     YORKTOWN,    APRIL     i,rn,    18G2. 


BURNSIDE    EXPEDITION- THE    FLEET    AND    TRANSPORTS    OFF    HATTERAS    DURING    THE    STORM-THE    GENERAL    GIVING    ORDERS. 

Never  had  any  expedition  in  the  history  of  the  world  to  pass  through  a  severer  ordeal;  everything  seemed  to  conspire  against  it— nature  with  her 
storms,  and  human  nature  with  her  villainy.  In  addition  to  the  warring  elements  there  was  the  subtle  treachery  of  Northern  traitors  who  deliberately 
periled  the  lives  of  thousands  for  the  sake  "of  gain.  Compared  to  such  men  as  the  New  York  contractors  whom  the  gallant  Burnside  anathematized  m 
the  bitterness  of  his  heart  even  Judas  Iscariot  becomes  human.  Our  correspondent  wrote  that  one  of  the  most  exciting  scenes  during  this  trying  crisis 
was  when,  off  Hatteras,  General  Burnside  sprang  up  the  rigging  of  the  vessel  to  give  his  directions. 


171 


Till;     FKDKKAL     KITCHKX     OX     TIIK     MAKCH     TO     FREDKRICKSBURG     WITH     THREE    DAYS'     RATIONS. 


'W>\  ^Mfife^s         £^f^  V'^ 

s*sfe®**:^waj; 

*fe^T^        v'^Csigyi"  ,  vwF*'j%  - '< 


%^®^wt 

i^M^-        -     i 

&?;.   /-..  M    -A 


CAPTAIN-    MULLER'S    BATTERY  -  COMPANY    OF    THE    SEVENTY-SEVENTH    PENNSYLVANIA    REGIMENT    MAKING    FASCINES    AND    GABIONS 

FOR     BREASTWORKS. 


ep^j^£f|S^^ 

^SS^^^^^^f^^S^ff^S^^^S£ 
^^^^f^^^j^S^Ss^^^^^^^^S^ 

»re  ranged  m  a  contmnoua  line,  forming  a  compiete  Stwork.  '  br&uche3  and  twiS8  m  ^tening  the  gabions,  the  pointed  stakes  ofwhich 


CAPTAIN     KNAPP'S     BATTERY     ENGAGING    THE     CONFEDERATES     AT     THE     BATTLE     OF     CEDAR     MOUNTAIN,    AUGUST     OTII,    1802— THIS 

BATTERY     FIRED     THE     FIRST     AND     LAST     SHOT. 

Captain  Knapp's  battery  deserved  great  credit  ;  it's  Tiring  was  admirable;  and  although  the  first  to  fire  a  shot,  it  was  ^also  the  last.  Several  times 
did  this  skillful  soldier  and  his  well-trained  men  cheek  the  advance  of  the  enemy,  and  finally  compelled  him  to  retire.  The  skill  with  which  Captain 
Knapp  chose  his  position  was  very  conspicuous,  and  was  much  commended  by  General  Hanks. 


ESCORTING    MAJOR    TAYLOR,  OF    NEW    ORLEANS,   THE     BEARER    OP    A    FLAG    OF    TRUCE,   BLINDFOLDED,  TO    THE    CONFEDERATE 

LINES,   AFTER    HIS    UNSUCCESSFUL    MISSION. 

On  the  8th  of  July,  1861,  the  pickets  of  the  Eighth  New  York  Regiment,  Colonel  uyons.  observed  a  small  party  of  Confederate  soldiers  approaching 
ith  a  flag  of  truce.  This  proved  to  be  from  Manassas  Junction,  and  protected  Major  Taylor,  of  New  Orleans,  who  bore  letters  from  Jefferson  Dane 
nd  General  Beauregard  to  President  Lincoln  and  General  Scott.  Colonel  Lvons  telegraphed  to  "Washington,  and  in  reply  received  orders  to  send  the 

•  i        1  4  .__*!_.          _       1.     _  1    1          »          _  j   1  1-  i        1  »  j-i  m       ^  T  Ti         *_„.-.  flft  ,-,1  ,  .»  *•         t-f\        O«  TT      *-VlO  +         T\f\        Qll  CUT  Of     *V11  Q       (Tl  VP.  II  - 


with 
and 


dispatches  on.     A  council  was  held,  when  the  dispatches  from  the  eminent  Confederates  were  read.     It   is   sufficient   to   say  that   no   answer  -yas  given, 
nod  Major  Taylor  was  conducted  to  the  Confederate  linee  in  the  manner  portrayed  in  our  sketch. 


173 


^ 

i . 


, 


>  i-.  <  'XJ  -(Tv 


•  ""'  -w 


im 

",^  V"     ^vTF 
Jitdt'ViJi;1!,^"^'  i 


T^*KV5iJSij;  'V'  JV'1,' >'  i^W  fef   -*4.' 

I^Sw^^^ 


GENERAL    ULYSSES    SIMPSON    GRANT. 


General  Grant,  eighteenth  President  of  the  United  States,  born  at  Point  Pleasant,  Clerinout  County,  0.,  April  2?th,  1822,  died  on  Mount  McGregor, 
near  Saratoga,  N.  Y.,  July  23d,  1885,  was  graduated  from  the  United  States  Military  Academy  in  1843,  and  commissioned  brevet  second  lieutenant  in 
the  Fourth  Infantry  ;  captain  ;  adjutant  general  of  Illinois  ;  colonel  of  the  Twenty-first  Illinois  Volunteers  ;  brigadier  general,  lieutenant  general  and 
general  of  the  United  States  armies;  Republican  in  politics;  famous  for  his  successes  in  the  Civil  War,  1861— '66  J  captured  Fort  Henry,  on  tho 
Tennesae"  River,  and  Fort  Donelson,  on  the  Cumberland,  in  1802  ;  defeated  at  Shiloli  Church,  near  Pittsburg  Landing,  by  General  Albert  Sidney 
Johnston,  where  the  latter  was  mortally  wounded,  but,  being  re-enforced  by  General  Bnell,  drove  tho  Confederate  army  back  to  Corinth,  which  was  afterward 
evacuated  by  the  Confederates,  May  29th,  1802;  this  involved  the  fall  of  Fort  Pillow  and  Memphis,  Tenn.;  defeated  Pemberton  at  Champion  Hills  and 
at  the  Big  Black,  and  forced  the  Confederates  to  surrender  Vicksburg,  Miss. ,  with  30,000  men,  July  4th,  18G3 ;  Port  Hudson  surrendered  to  General 
Banks,  and  the  Mississippi  Kiver  was  thus  wrested  from  the  Confederates.  Grant's  victories  in  tho  West  and  Lee's  defeat  at  Gettysburg,  Pr,.,  were 
derisive.  Defeated  Lee's  Confederate  army  at  Five  Forks,  Va.,  April  1st,  J8C4;  Lee  evacuated  Richmond  and  Petersburg  on  the  night  of  April  2d,  and 


surrendered    his   army    to    Grant   at   Appomattox    Courthouse   on    tho    9th;    Johnston's   army  surrendered,  2Cth    of    the    same    month,  1804 ;   and  so  tho 
greatest  Civil  War  of  modern  times  was  ended.     General  Grant  made  a  tour  around  the  world,  passing  through   the   great   coi 


arrivfd  back  at  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  September  20th,  1879. 


countries   of   the  globe,  and 


17C 


MORTAR    PRACTICE— PUTTING    IN    THE    SHELL. 


SIEGE    OP    ISLAND    NO.     10,    ON    THE    MISSISSIPPI    RIVER— NIGHT    BOMBARDMENT    BY    THE    FEDERAL    HORTAK    BOATS, 

TEN    O'CLOCK    P.  M.,    MARCH    18™,    1862. 


On  the  16th  of  March,  18G2.  the  mortar  fleet  and  the  gunboats,  consisting  of  the  Cincinnati,  Pittsburrj,  St.  Louis,  Silver  Wave,  Carondelct,  Mound 
City,  Conuxtoija,  Louisville,  Rob  Roy,  Alps,  Wilson,  J-ake  Erie,  Great  Western  and  Torrence,  and  nine  mortar  boats,  arrived  near  the  Point.  These  were 
accompanied  by  several  tugboats.  On  the  18th  they  opened  fire,  which,  after  some  hours'  delay,  was  returned  by  the  Confederate  batteries.  This  con 
tinued  for  several  days,  with  very  little  loss  to  the  Federal  troops,  owing  to  the  iron  casing  of  the  vessels.  The  study  of  mortar  firing  is  very  interesting. 
Our  sketch  represents  the  manner  in  wliirh  tli«  HmnlrA  mils  and  a  small  r-nlnmn  •frnmiantlv  onlitn  /\nt.  roVion  fVia  oVioll  r>acoo=.  The  shell  itself  can  be 

rolls  through  the  air,  very 
glo\f  of  surpassing  brightness 


several  days,  with  very  Julie  loss  to  the  Federal  troops,  owing  to  the  iron  casing  of  the  vessels.  The  study  of  morta: 
sketch  represents  the  manner  in  which  the  smoke  rolls,  and  a  small  column  frequently  splits  out  when  the  shell  passes, 
at  night  during  its  entire  flight,  the  fuse  having  the  appearance  of  a  star,  which  appears  and  disappears  as  the  shell  i 
the  twinkling  of  the  celestial  orbs.  The  explosion  of  the  shell  at  night  is  a  magnificent  and  fearful  eight,  sending  a  glov 

rl        -It-       it  n        t    I  ,         ,  .      .   I  .        r,^  *  1J        _i       _        1    _.     .  i  *  V  *  "V'll        1  ^       » 


-ecu 

like  the 

wround  it  as  though  some  world  of  combustible  \ight  had  burst. 


ffl   i"' 

£  i 

F 

S ',ii 'it' it 

Mi 

^ 


178 


§ 


H 
H 

O 


t) 
C 

K* 

'X 

H 
ffl 

E 

1 


C 
m 

— 

H 


C 

a 


ffi 

H 


W 

e 


t? 


C 
K 
H 


rc 


d 

!z! 

ts 

O 


cc 

!> 

I— 1 

g 

§ 


179 


sis 


a 
o 


I  a 


••  <B  3 

,«3.8 

-3  °[L  — 


O 

a 

H 
o-i         H 


B  — 

-;    —  —   O 

a   o   ^r* 
^  ^.  o  a 

o  •  ^-s 

»§§i 

0  ^  -^  5 
3  _*.-0°  3 

*•  ^  a  "- 
as       o 

s-3  -<" 

1  ^  a  rT 

«^||' 


O 


o  , . 

^   o 


1-3-    3 
?^  ^S- 


2 
"" 


_  T>     O 

o  2  n 


O 


w 


p- 

Kj 

c 

!Z| 

H 

H 


w 

>• 

§ 

H 

O 


H 

w 
S 


w 

a 


H 

W 

o 
o 

"d 


w 
9 

w 


o 

H 
W 


H 
^ 
P 


_.  a  o>  T 

T)  — J 


a  p  ^  « 

p  ri-    CD  O 

CQ  rt-  t-H 

«  2  o  £• 


3 
O    »    i 


(•ENKKAI.     GKOIU.'K     A.    CUSTEK. 

(iencral  Cnster.  horn  in  \eu  liumlev.  Harrison  County.  Ohio.  Decem 
ber  .">th.  IS.'i'.i.  died  in  Montana.  June  25th.  1H76.  was  graduated  at  the 
United  States  Military  Academy  in  June  1S01.  and  reported  for  duty  at 
Washington:  was  assigned  to  duty  as  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry, 
and  participated,  on  the  dav  of  his  arrival  at  the  front,  in  the  first  battle 
of  Bull  linn.  For  darinir  gallantry  in  a  skirmish  at  Aldie.  and  in  the 
action  at  Brandv  Station,  as  well  as  in  the  closing  operations  of  the 
Happahannock  campaign,  he  was  appointed  brigadier  general  of  volunteers, 
(ieneral  Cnster.  with  his  entire  command,  was  slain  by  the  Sioux  Indians 
in  the  buttle  of  Little  Big  Horn,  in  Montana,  June  2.jth, 


GENERAL    .T.   T.    SPRAGUE. 

General   Sprague,  born  in  Newburyport.  Mass.,  July  3d,  1810,  died  in 
New  York   city.  September   6th.    1878."    In   1834  he   became   second   lieu 
tenant  in  the    Marine  Corps,  and    served  in  the    Florida  War,  being  twice 
promoted  for  meritorious   conduct,  and  brevetted    captain  on  March  15th, 
He  was  given  the  full  rank  in  1846.  and  brevetted  major,  May  30th, 
He  was    made    major   of    the    First    Infantry,  May  14th,  1861,  and 
when  stationed   with  his  regiment  in  Texas  was  taken  prisoner  by  General 
Twiggs,  but  was  released  on  parole,  and   became  mustering  and  disbursing 
officer  at  Albany,  N.  Y.     He  retired  from  the  army,  July  15th,  1870. 


COLONEL     ULPJC     1>A1I1.<  iliKX. 

Colonel  Dahlgren.  horn  in  Bucks  Comity.  J'a.,  in  1842.  died  near  King 
and  Queen's  Courthouse.  Va..  .March  4th.  18C4.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  Civil  War  he  was  sent  by  his  father  to  plan  and  take  charge  of  a 
naval  battery  on  Maryland  Heights.  Tie  then  became  aid  to  General 
Sigel,  and  served  through  Fremont's  and  1'ope's  campaigns,  acting  as  Sigel's 
chief  of  artillery  at  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Ifun  ;  served  on  General 
Hooker's  staff,  distinguishing  himself  at  Chancellorsville,  and  as  aid  to 
General  Meade  at  Gettysburg  rendering  important  service.  He  lost  his  life 
in  a  raid  planned  by  him,  in  concert  with  General  Kilpatrick,  to  release 
tlie  Federal  prisoners  at  Libby  Prison  and  Belle  Isle. 


GENERAL    LORENZO    THOMAS, 

General  Thomas,  born  in  Newcastle,  Del..  October  20th,  1804.  died 
in  Washington,  D.  C.,  March  2d,  1875,  was  graduated  from  the  United 
States  Military  Academy  in  1823  ;  served  in  the  Florida  and  Mexican 
Wars,  and  received  the  brevet  of  lieutenant  colonel  for  gallantry  at 
Monterey.  On  the  7th  of  May,  18G1,  he  was  brevetted  brigadier  general, 
and  made  adjutant  general  of  the  army  on  August  3d,  with  the  full  rank 
of  brigadier  general.  He  served  until  1863,  when  he  was  intrusted  for  two 
years  with  the  organization  of  colored  troops  in  the  Southern  States.  He 
was  brevetted  major  general,  United  States  Army,  on  March  13th,  1865. 
He  was  retired  in  1869. 


'  -"   .    -^, 


INCIDENT    IN    THE    MARCH    OF    GENERAL    BANKS'S    DIVISION    DURING    A    STORM    IN    WESTERN    MARYLAND, 


THE    HUMORS    OF    A    PRISON-SCENE    IN    A    STATTON-HOUSE    CELL,   WASHINGTON,  D.   0.,  AFTER    THE    APPOINTMENT    OF 

THE    PROVOST    MARSHAL,   GENERAL    PORTER,    OCTOBER,   1861. 

After  the  appointment  of  General  Porter  as  provost  marshal  there  was  a  marked  improvement  in  the  public  thoroughfares  of  Washington.     Till  th< 
too    many  officers    imbibed    at    Willard's   and    other   fashionable    bars,  while   their   men   drank   at   the   lower  grogshops.      The    result  was  a  sati 
drunkenness  and  military  iusurbordiuation  which  culminated  at  Bull  Run.     Our  sketch  represents  the  incongruous  elements  found  one 
the  cull  of  a  station  house. 


jrd^-^ 


GALLANT    ATTACK    BY    150    OF    THE    PENNSYLVANIA     BUCKTAILS,    LED    BY    COLONEL    KANE,    UPON    A    PORTION    OF    GENII J 


tho  the™°8t  ^"'ic  actions  of  the  war,  the  attack  of  the  famous  Bucktails,  under  their  gallant  leader,  Colonel  Kane,  upon  a  h.r-lx 
an.lH.sra.hs'wl,;:;;. I  is  rc^m^t  w.  SSSfe  t0rilr<1  Whl1C'\  rla™ ,the  Co»f?<ler»^  ^ere  in  full  retreat,  closely  but  warilv  pursued  bv  Generals  Fremot,  1 1 
of  Pennsvlvm  •  -\  A\  •"I'\  !",ld  ,lu"ist'lf  wounded  and  taken  prisoner.  It  will.be  seen  that  the  humanity  of  Colonel  Kane  1.  lii 

rernVSeTbl.®   Co^iel  K  ne  of'the  Hn  kt    l'°    '"'T    ?""*>'  ^'"  back  ,thc    ll<)1<1  ^"^enitw.     The  evening  was  waxing  late;   General  Fn,non.  Mi 
in  the  i>ines-  they  were  i.    "ie  !fl.   em>  genera1'  wlth  '".v  Bucktails."     "Just  forty  minutes  I'll  give  von,  colonel,"  said  <  lei 

Bucktai      were  f  ''          ' \  *7££?*F  °f  fire  flashl"8  f.rom  the  lnllzzles  of  »'»™  than  a  thousand  'muskets  ;  but  not  a  sign,  nor  the  shad-  ft 

telds  of  waving  green,  firing  as  they  did  so-b«t  not  the  150  that  went  in.     The  rest  lie  under  the  archfa^In 


JNEWALL    JACKSON'S     CONFEDERATE    ARMY,    STRONGLY     POSTED    IN    THE    WOODS,    NEAE     HARRISONBURG,    FRIDAY,    JUNE     GTH,    1862. 


Bayard,   pulling  out  his  watch.     "  Peep   through  the' woods  on  our  left,  see  what  is  in  there,  and  out  again  when  the  time  is  up."     In  go  the  150  at  an  opening 
sign,  of  yielding.      Their    fire    met   the   enemy's   straight   and    unyielding   as   the    blade   of  a  matador.     Oh   for   re-euforcements !     But   none  came.     Ine    brave 


sign 

if  the  treacherous  forest. 


1'iYisiox    CROSSING    'ni!-:   PONTOON    PRII>«;K   OYFJI    THE   STIENAXDOAH    I;IVKI;   ix   PURSUIT   OF 
THK   coNi'i:i>i:i;.\TK   GKNKIJAL   JACKSON    AND   ins   Ararv. 


f^>&xc*-^ «**::_  -»^i->'      _.  i—          \ 


tCK.    AT    FOttTKESS    MOXHOK.   VA  .  TV    18T.1  -VOLUNTEERS    RECEIVING    LETTERS    AND    PACKAGES 

FROM     HOME. 


It  is  only  th 
need  hardly  describe  a 
good   tilings  sent  to  tlio  absent 


h! 


//'"  m'le   fpvoristl    nnxicty  of   the   troops   to   hear    from    those  thev  liiid  loft  at  home.      We 
I  he  name  of  Adams  Express  was   a  household  one,  both  to  the  donor  and  receiver  of 


BIVOUAC    OF    THE    FIELD    AND    STAFF    OFFICERS    OF    THE    TWELFTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT    DURING    A    STORMY    NIGHT,   ON 

THEIR    MARCH    FROM    HYATTSTOWN,   MD. 


'^y^y^ff^^^M 

;^l"~  jM:t-L^A 


\ 


^ 


GBOTJP    OF    CONFEDERATE     PRISONERS     CAPTURED     AT     FORT    DONELSON,    ON    THE    MORNING    AFTER    THE    SURRENDER,   CLOTHED    IN 

BED    BLANKETS,    PIECES    OF    CARPETING,   ETC. 

The    Confederate   prisoners  who   lounged    around    the    fort    the   day  after    its    surrender    presented    a  state    of   haggard   misery   which   took   all   the 
romance   out   of '   rebellfo"    and  made  it  seem  the  horrible  thing  it  was.     The  prisoners  had  the  double  aspect  of  wretchedness-that   of  the   countenance 

and  of  the  garb.  • 

Io7 


H 
X 


. 


o 

K 

h— 
I — 

t- 

C 
X 


ca 
H 


- 
cc 


X 

H 

B 


Q 

o 
a 
8 


O  < 

«  P- 


•IS 


§1 


H     T 


O 

Cl   H 
»   ffi 
IS 
Q 

d  ^ 

X  K 
K    C 

Si 


II 


t?  « 

W     J 

o 


H 
W 


R   Q 

cc  O 
O  ^ 


G  S 
O 


o  > 

k  H 
K  H 

O 
K 


O 


X   o  M   g" 
2,  <i          O 


3     O      "=      f, 

O  O 

^ 


. 


=3 


0     —  . 

*:    o 


S-s'oo 

=.»  =? 
o      ^* 

~  O 

O    ^ 


P   o   S 


*n 


!"»=• 


~ 

-!       C6 

-!     Q     £3 


iq   o    C 

§".-       £ 


2      5 


£»    CD 

CD    P^  3 

~ 


*"     00     O 

03  8= 


3^        O 

"I- 
a:  crq   5! 


Tl    ^    ft) 

^S    "-•  J3 

ET  o 

- 


O    83 


H  En 


o  2 

^N 
2 

-3   £'  co 

EPl 


W 
fi 


•=•  ^  c 
o  tw^ 

•5  Or^ 
-»5  i 

^   o   cj 
-*-j  *r~ 

^-  T:    *Z 

~  ~o  <; 
coo; 

c  "c  °o 


£.£•2 

C    C3 


O 

e 
ti.  c  c 


a] 


' 


I 

PS 


H       -K  j= 
H        -E*S  | 


X 
H 


*  E 


W  g^^ 

h^  S    oc 

6  ^  SE 

g  M! 

P-  '£  =  £. 

?  Ill 


* 


0  .-  c 


4!    0) 

W   (3 

•so 


"%         2$ 

~k 

n  I       I 

WHraS,!  U>   |]     R       1;!^  LlfliJ 


OTL^-m** 

^  M^UI 

H  LI'Kf 


VM]1     ^Jaife-.     fji.  g 

r5  5:  rS 


a^PI^tl 


S»SS®  kL 


VliM^L^^f^^iif! 


H 


1 


J94 


;  *•       .]* 


>-- 


§ 


o 

H 


cj 

P 

H 


a 

B 


H 

? 
^ 

M 

3 

H 
H 
H 

I 

u 
>• 

K 


o 

H 

W 

w 


s 


I 


if* 


~  o 


^ 

B 
P 


c  H 


g 
O 
H 
O 


W 

w 

H 


W 
t> 

O 

w 

o 
p 


w 

w 

H 


—  8  §  5 


"5      5 


B  .t    O 


o 


0 
N 


o 

K 


^  c  — 

,_-  ^   a-  tc 
5  P  o  ° 


-s'S 
te    O     .i 

C    o    ^ 


w  o 


W)      ..=      S" 


C3     ij  "     ,- 

CC    W  '"    c    ^  -^ 

W  2       •Z  S  -  £  g 


W 
H 
W 
« 
O 


§ 
fe 


u  »  »        o 

wg-=^ 


»H  "^  | O  ^£ 


1 


$• 

H 


~     •-        I 

i>-o  s^ 


o 
pa 

H 

H 

H 

W 
C 

o 
^ 


•^  =  ^^a 
^  o       -. 

«°-5 


01 
c 

E 


-y  >,2" 

t»  g"  *      C   r- 

4!  E  c  *-  £ 

S    *    H    0)    7" 

*P3  a^a  *s 


c  c: 


fill 


General 

parents   wen 

infant.      Al 

Eleventh     N'ew    V 

New     York     li'egillient  .   c: 

Kin-node's    expedil 


,,,,.,,  in  (,i;ma  la,  Spain,  January  18th.  18:31.  His 
he  was  brought,  to  the  United  States  when  an 
^  ,,f  the  war  he  was  lieutenant,  colonel  of  the 
~ia  li'e'jiment.  In  1801  he  raised  the  Fifty-first 
,,1  the  "Shepard  1,'itles."  and  led  a  brigade  in 
Koanok* 


Island,  where    his    regiment,    took  the 
the    battles    of 


first    fortified    redoubt,    ea]. lured     in    tne   war.      He   was    in 
South    Mountain   and    Antietam.  and    for   his    bravery   in    the   hitter  engage 
ment  was  appointed    brigadier    genera],  September  19th,  1802.      He  served 

tmetionut    Fredericksburg,  Yieksburg  and    the  siege  of   Petersburg. 

.revetted  a  major  ireneral,  December  2d,  1804,  and  mustered  out  111 


GENERAL  LEWIS  WALLACE. 

Wallace,  born  in  Brookville,  Franklin  County,  Ind.,  April  10th, 
1827.  served  in  tho  Mexican  War  as  first  lieutenant  of  Company  II,  First 
Indiana  Infantry.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  he  was  appointed 
adjutant  general  of  Indiana,  soon  afterward  becoming  colonel  of  the  Elev 
enth  Indiana  Volunteers,  with  which  he  served  in  Western  Virginia.  Ho  bo- 
came  brigadier  general  of  volunteers,  September  3d,  1861  ;  led  a  division 
at  the  capture  of  Fort  Bonclson,  and  displayed  such  ability  that  his  com 
mission  of  major  general  of  volunteers  followed  on  March  2d,  1862.  In 
1863  he  prepared  the  defenses  of  Cincinnati,  and  was  subsequently  as 
signed  to  the  command  of  the  Eighth  Army  Corps.  With  5.800  men  he 
intercepted  the  march  of  Genera]  Early,  with  28,000  men,  on  Washington, 
I).  C.;  and  on  July  9th,  1864,  he  fought  the  battle  of  the  Monocacy. 
General  Wallace  was  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service  in  1865. 


GENERAL     MICHAEL     CORCORAN. 

(, uieral  Corel  ran,  born  in  Carrowkeel,  County  Sligo.  Ireland,  Septem 
ber  21st,  1827,  died  near  Fairfax  Courthouse,  Ya..  December  22d,  1863. 
Upon  the  first  call  of  the  President  for  troops  in  1861  Colonel  Corcoran 
led  the  Sixtv-ninth  Regiment  to  the  seat  of  war.  It  was  ordered  into 
Virginia,  bulk  Fort  Corcoran,  on  Arlington  Heights,  and  fought  with  im 
petuous  valor  at  the  battle  of  Hull  linn.  The  colonel  was  wounded  and 
taken  prisoner,  lie  was  offered  his  liberty  on  condition  of  not  again  tak 
ing  up  arms  against  the  South,  but  refused  to  accept  on  such  terms.  An 
exchange  being  finally  effected,  August  loth,  1802,  he  was  released,  and 
commissioned  brigadier  sreneral.  dating  from  July  21st.  1801.  He  next 
organized  the  Corcoran  Lesion,  which  took  part  in  the  battles  of  the 
Xansemond  liiver  and  Suffolk  during  April,  1863.  General  Corcoran  was 
killed  by  the  falling  of  his  horse  upon  him. 


GENERAL     (il'.oKCi:     SYKES. 


General  Rykes,  born  in  Dover,  Del.,  October  9th,  1822,  died  in 
Brownsville,  Texas,  February  9th,  1880,  was  graduated  from  the  United 
States  Military  Academy  in"  1842,  and  •  assigned  to  the  Third  Infantry  ; 
served  in  the  Florida  and  Mexican  Wars,  and  was  brevetted  captain 
for  gallantry  at  Contreras,  Chnrubnsco  and  the  capture  of  the  city  of 
Mexico.  lie  became  major  of  the  Fourteenth  Infantry,  May  14th,  1861 ; 
was  at  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  and  then  commanded  the  regular  infantry 
at  Washington  till  March.  1862.  He  took  part  in  the  Peninsula  campaign, 
receiving  the  brevet  of  colonel  for  gallantry  at  Gaines's  Mill  and  in  the  sue 
ceeding  operations  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
ho  wae  brevetted  major  general  for  gallant  services  in  tho  field.  , 


THE     MTLITAKY     ArniolirrrF.S     AT    \VASHIX<iT()\.     1).  C.,    FAAMIMNG     PASSES     TN     isr.l. 

Tin.    scene  was    of    frequent    occurrence.      A   gallant    volunteer   wishes    to    take    a    short    furlough    in    order    to    show    his  Jiatirfr    the   wonders   of  tin- 
capital  city.      The  provost,  marshal   is  scrutinizing  the  doeument  with  considerable  interest,  as  though  he  has  some  latent  douL 


TAKING    AWAY    THE    COLORS    OF    THE    SEVENTY-NINTH    NEW    YORK    REGIMENT    FOR    INSUBORDINATION    AND    MUTINY, 

WASHINGTON,    D.  0.,   AUGUST    HTH,    1861. 

The   scene    during    the    roadinff    of  tin-   order    of    General    McClollan  was   exceedingly  impressive.      The  mm  was   just  g^ng  down    and   in  the  ha,, 
.nonntain  twilight  the"  features   and    forms    of   officers   and    men    could    scarcely  be  distinguished.     Inimed.a  ely  behind  Mi  an 1  was  Gene  al  Porte,      m, 
and  self-possesse-J.      Colonel  Stevens  was  in  front  of  the  regiment,  endeavoring  to  quiet  his  rather  nervous   horse.     In    the .   leai    ot    the    reg   lars    and 
little  distance    apart.   (Jeneral    Sickles   sat   careles.lv  on  horseback,  coolly  smoking   a   cigar  and    conversing  with   some    friends      A     one    tin  e  du  ing  t\ 
reading   a    murmur    passed    through    the   lines   of 'the    mutineers:    and  "when    the  portion  of  the  order  directing  the  rcg.men     to    m remer  ^  co  on,  w^ 
road  a  private    in    one   of   the   rear   lines   cried    out.    in  broad  Scotch  tones,   "Let's  keep  the  colors    boys  !      *o  response  was  m ado_ 1,     the  rer n-undei   o 
the    regiment.      Major  Sykes  at  once   rode    np   the   line  to  where   the  voice  was   heard.     It  would    have  been  more  than  the  soldiers  life  was  noi 
he  been  discovered  at  the   moment  in  pistol  range  by  any  of  the  officers. 


•S\      \  — - — 


BATTLE    OF    MILL    SPRING,   ON    THE    CUMBERLAND    RIVER,   NEAR    JAMESTOWN,    BETWEEN    A     CONFEDERATE    FORCE,   8,000    SI  ' 

JANUARY    19rn,   W>2- 

One  of  the  most  dashing,  desperate  and  decisive  battles  of  the  war  took  place  on  Sunday,  January  19th.  1862,  when  a  Confederate   army  c 
o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  the  engagement  soon  became  general.     Zollieoffor  found,  however,  that  instead  of  surprising  General  Thomas   that  -^  a> 

result  was  doubtful  till  near  the  conclusion  of  the  conflict.     The  death  of  Colonel  Peyton,  who  fell  gallantly  at  the  head  of  his  regiment,   naa  mi  j 

•       •1  ri__*_J V«.H!MA  ff^—          n«-i-A,,  ,  \  „,!        1-..I.       nnwnvMtl        *-.f      1*  lQ       dlflfl         TT11  HlOO  K        >•  ' 


hour,  BA  the  Fourth  Kenti 


Ml  11  IV  l>.  r-  -  1*V"*J  'fnOKllI^ 

tentueky  Re-jiment  was  deploying  on  the  flank  of  the  Confederate  army,   Zollieoffer.   attended  hv  several  of  his  aids .  m      o  ^          ,g 

l.cin-r  .liscovere.l    one    <.f  the  Con  federate  officers  fired  at  Fry  and  shot  his  horse.     Almost  at  the  same  instant  Colonel  Pry  drew  his  revolver  an  i  jg 

Somerset.     The  news  spread  like  wildfire  through  the  Confederate  army,  which  fled  with  precipitation,  and  at  half-past  three  not  a  Confe  ' 


IX-feB    GENERAL    ZOLLICOFFER,   AND    THE    FEDERAL    TROOPS,  *,000    STRONG,   COMMANDED    BY    GENERAL    THOMAS,   FOUGHT    SUNDAY, 
*:bl'THE    CONFEDERATE    ARMY. 


.-  Generals   Zollieoffer   and    Crittenden,  were  totally  routed  by  General  Thomas,  at  the  head  of  about  4,000  Federal  troops.     The  cannonading  began  at  four 
„  .leer  was  ready  for  him.     The  Confederates  fought  gallantly  throughout  that  dismal    Sabbath    day,  and    owing   to   their   decided    superiority  in    numbers  the 
(     he    spirits   of  the  Confederates,  but  the  fall  of  the,,   commander,  Zollicoffer,  about  ten  minutes  past  three  in  the   afternoon,  completed  their  rout.     At  that 
•!••  inderwood,  and  suddenly  emerged  before  Colonel  Fry,  who  was  also  with  several  officers.     At  first  they  mistook  each  other  for  friends,  but  upon  the  mistake 
i.   icoffer  through  the  heart.     His   aids,  seeing   their   commander   slain,  deserted   the   body,  which  was   taken   charge   of   by  the  Federal  troops,  and  carried  to 


SCI.M:    IN   CAMP    i.iri:   COMPANY    MESS   or   TIIK   TIIIUTKKNTII    ILLINOIS   VOLUNTEERS   IN   THEIR   CAMP   BEFORE   CORINTH,  MISS. 


•  ••  %$M, 


IHIII/r     AIUWND     TIIK     OFFICKKS1     QUARTKIIS     ()!•'     TIIK     FIRST     MINNESOTA     REGIMENT,    COLONEL    SULLY,    NKAR     FAIU     OAKS.    VA. 

Tin!  First  Minnesota  Regiment,  Colonel  A.  Sully,  liilie  dreaming  liow  noon  they  would  liavp  to  abandon  their  handiwork  to  tlio  enemy,  erected  :i 
fort  ground  tlio  i-oiiiiiiodioiis  funnlioiisi-.  near  Fair  Oaks,  which,  after  the  luittlo  of  Seven  Pines  May  31st,  1802,  had  been  given  to  their  captains  and 
lieutenants  for  their  <|iiarterx.  The  appearance  was  so  strange  that  an  oflicer  of  (leneral  McClellan's  staff  made  a  sketch  and  sent  it  to  us. 


HATTLE  01-'  CHARLES  OTTY  ROAD  CHARGE  OF  THE  JERSEY  BRIGADE— THE  FIRST  NEW  JERSEY  BRIGADE,  GENERAL  TAYLER,  DE 
TACHING  ITSELF  FROM  GENEIiAL  SLOCUM'S  DIVISION  AND  RUSHING  TO  THE  SUPPORT  OF  GENEHAL  KKAKNVS  DIVISION, 
WHICH  HAD  BEEN  DRIVEN  HACK,  THUS  TURNING  THE  FORTUNES  OF  THE  DAY,  JUNE  :!(hii,  IfSU-J,  SIX  O'CLOCK  P.  M. 


'     ^=^~_ —     - 


COLONEL     PILSON'S    BATTERY     SHELLING     THE    REAR    GUARD     OF    THE     CONFEDERATE    GENERAL    JACKSON'S    ARMY,   AT    THE 

CROSSING     OF     THE    SHENANDOAH    RIVER,   TUESDAY,   JUNE    SD,    1862. 

As  soon  as  Colonel  Pilson  could  bring  up  his  guns  they  were  unlimbered  on  either  side  of  the  road  and  opened  on  the  Confederate  batteries. 
Beyond  the  river  stretched  a  broad  plain,  the  further  end  of  which  sloped  gradually  up  into  an  irregular  eminence,  along  which  the  enemy  had  placed 
its  artillery  on  its  further  side,  and  in  the  neighboring  woods  its  troops  were  quietly  encamped,  out  of  range,  and  with  the  Shenandoah  River  in  their 
rear  were  safe  for  the  night,  as  they  supposed.  It  was  soon  found  that  the  distance  was  too  great  for  the  guns.  Colonel  Albert,  chief  of  staff,  ws 
in  advance,  and  reconnoitring  the  position,  with  a  soldier's  eye  saw  that  the  river  bent  suddenly  half  a  mile  beyond  the  bridge,  and  sent  Schirmer 
battery  to  a  hill  on  this  side,  which  flanked  the  Confederate  camp,  and  at  once  forced  them  to  withdraw  to  a  more  secure  position. 

908 


was 
'• 


1 

o 


w 

33 
H 


O 
T. 


!   CfifsS^^V5? 

,  '  i  T?*5 

1    -•-,    •"-*    '    •'   s>-  "- 

1         '.  'w*  -     —  ?>^-*\     X 


x  r^ 


X 

a 


y. 


-t; 
»•*• 


H 

ii 

W 
C 

W 


o 

CJ 


LJ 

H 


«(9B*» 

; , .    "" 
m& 

•;?•••*&:  -        ^^ 

L 


«  m 


\  >     i  i|i/-fj 

'[     ! 
'      '        -'I'-il^l    i       «      -   'M-^ 

'' 


H 
O 


H 
O 


205 


i^ 


i»S  i.- 
os^a  o 

fr  *•  § 

rs.2  > 

sf-s 


§£ 


J  w2 

^-  o 
*-    fe£ 

«j:  s 
.S'C 

_jS    cj    <D 

s-S  s 

S  w  S 
6ll 

tO  W 


Fd  2 

?==  a 


*g* 

!M    ?    3 

^XT3 

so   3   " 


s  °- 

co  _o 


.»  o> 
3* 
® 


C    M 


—  ^  S 

^2-^ 
^=^ 


=  "=2 

O    OJ    * 


c  cs  cj  a 

C  r—  o 

111! 

«2rS    &£ 

»  g  £  2 

£,£.£  = 

S    ^-  -^    QJ 


"*~*  ^2    _    3 

!§K 
^ ""?  ?  <*> 

^  c   t,Jg 
=  —    ti  cS 

£"-^ 


I  B  i* 


.=   60S 

occ    C 


O    «_! 

s  o 


O 

S 


.fc.a.a 
^•^Z  g 

0^  to  -*^» 

^    C    H    M 


£  «  c«_ 

ci  3  £  o 


-  _  » 
Offi""  ~ 

J-'1g 
g-2  o.2 

~£"c^ 

Kil 

o  —      jr 
O  =^0 

_2  Ji.  ^  .2 
||  16 

-  £  2^ 

^  2^So 
ooE£-5 

?^o-S 
^O^:  fc, 

B 

l.-S'Sg 
>--=-"  — 

Oh       —     (A 

&S=  c 
<"         C_  >-, 
o   o   •—>• 
rs^:  ••-.  ca 

-WOO 
OJ  •- 

BII 


a>   o   g! 


m  o  •- 
25  e,Jt 


X  -•  ^  _       c 
o  3.5  3  "3  2.  ct> 


rt>  o  p .  co  on  *5T  ;•? 
p  m   ^  «   S 

5'§  t  2  o'I's' 

~"2^  =s  ^s  - 
<. g-  •      §3  0,0 


- 


2  s- 

>•        00 


. 

P 


2  Oq    c' 

B  2  "• 


o    2"  ^ 

P  ••  2. 


Sio- 


-     » 


cfc   r^-  <-^  r:*   Kn  ^i- 

55  5   ^'  re"  3  ' 

£  no        o   ^  — 

Cl^  h-H  ^  —  r" 


O 

• 


««  =  «L 


. 

03  2  § 


2 


O    2 

S  S 
o  "„ 

"* 


OQ 


'  — ^  <^ 
~    ®  p 

9-_.o       P 


w 

- 


3    ^  °S'  E  ^ 

&'  *»  I       § 


= 


gc 


,      ^  ". 


* 


2 


^;  § 


—   ro   c 

CD    *-!  «^ 

T-P  ° 


P 


^S  o-§  £S 

^   "-!      O   «_^     ^      "^^ 


O     —o 

S-  O  S  °  2 
»§  tN  S 


si 

- 


sHArri:i:r.i>   APPEARANCE   or   A  IMNCH   DAULUUKX   GUN   IN   THE   PIUXCIPAL   CASEMATE   or    FOUT    KINUMAN.  ARKANSAS 


THE    BOUQUET    BATTEBY,   COMMANDING    THE    VIADUCT    ()VEK    THE    PATAPSCO    RIVER,   ON 

NEAli    THE    BELAY    HOUSE,   IN    1861. 


BALTIMORE    AND    OHIO    BAILEOAD, 


rin-   i;>  lay  HOIIT  u.is  :i  Mn;ill  ruilroiid  station  nboiit  seven  milus  from  Haltimort,  on  the  Northern  Central  Rail  road.     It  WHS  of  small  population  /in 

It*  porilion  elevated   it  into  nonsidorab'.c  importance.      Immediately  after  the  troubles  in   Baltimore  this  position   was  seized  upon,  and  Genera 

Butler  RMtM  it   his  headquarters,  and   by  so  doing  not  only  held  the  control  of  the  railroad  to  Harper's  Ferry  and  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  an 

Patajwcu    Birer,  but  threuteued  the  city  of  Baltimore  with  a  strong  military  force.     The  Relay  House  was  romantically  situated  iii  a  country  of  exquisit 

natural  beauty.     Our  gketcli  shown  tlio  batiery  stationed  to  command  the  viaduct,  with  the  Relay  House  in  the  distance. 


HEROIC     CONDUCT     OF    LIEUTENANT     COLONEL/    MORRISON.     SEVENTY-NINTH     NEW    YORK     HIGHLANDERS,   ON     THE     PARAPET 

OF     THE     TOWER     BATTERY.   JAMES     ISLAND.   S.    O. 


i|!fewr- 

mmmMSi- ,_...    :-^-  :i_,  -_^. .  ^^^^^     ^*^al  «•  ji  v-.      ;-'^.>*',  ,^~-_ 


-      -  i        , 


A    SUTLER'S    STORE,    HARPER'S     FERRY,    VA  —  FROM    A    SKETCH     BY    OUR    SPECIAL     ARTIST    WITH     GENERAL    GEARY'S    DIVISION     IN     18f>2 

The  sutler's  store  at  Harper's  Ferry  represents  one  of  those  apparently  inevitable  evils  which  attend  even  the  best-arranged  armies.  The  negligence 
and  delay  of  the  government  in  settling  with  the  troops  rendered  the  sutler's  a  necessary  evil,  which  a  more  regular  course  would  have  obviated.  As  a 
study  of  human  life,  a  sutler's  store  is  full  of  the  most  sorrowful  reflections,  and  demands  the  most  earnest  care  of  the  superior  officers.  A  little  pure 
stimulant,  when  administered  with  the  rations,  is  capable  of  warding  off  many  ills  which  flesh  is  heir  to,  more  especially  when  under  the  prostration  of 
fatigue  or  privation.  .)((<) 


•  , 


- 


X 


a 

rH 

o 


H 


03 

H 

M 


- 

w 
a 


23 
O 


W 


K 
W 
ft 
W 
PH 

W 

a 

H 


'3 


« 
c 


'.C-; 


£?.  J^?^ 


S  b  *  £ 


1 


'"S  ^  §-S 
o    .      — 


C 


C    {•          S  jj 

-l.?ll 


OH   """g     <B 

c  2^  ^5 
'lt||| 

s  |-°~  s 

•  J  -  5  1 1 
|  -  g'Scg 

^     C  ^C  i_ 


C     tt 


DC 


-    w-     7T     «- 

:^  c  £ 


_  c 


C-  05   -^  CD 

^rf-   *-    a;  r- 

•    s    «-  C    c 

.      -   «C  C      K 


5      >. 
' 


^   t=        jjj|5| 


"S  .2  _2  » 

c  «z 


B  •<: 

H 


W 

^-* 

C 
H 

p: 
W 
^ 


^ 

O 

s 

fM 


> 

O 
N 

ai 

g 

« 
O 

I 
>J 
hJ 

w 

2 
§ 

g 
o 

fa 
o 


£ 

a 
a 

a 
« 

H 


3    o 

o  >- 


•o      fci.H 


B. 


-* 

*oa 

:: 

o  g 

• 


m      o 


-'K    c 

-  o  2  « 

?;o-S  £ 


t»    ; 

" 


O   3   5 


i  § 

=    4    *Tl  X 

5.®  2  a 

=  »  »"  J; 


OP 


CD      *-  N^ 

2  c-  —       f? 

c.,  o  o         t-s 


S5    '  2.        H 

sf     Wl      *±  ^* 


*&       S.  G 

2  ELS!  ft 

Is!  5 

=  i  =  s 
!^r «  ° 


(5    cr  jq 


o 
o 

cc 

*n 


=  §- 


O    a,    ^          >. 


=:       £ 


'<  EL  ^ 

O   '         2"  M 

5  ='—        w 


_  _ 


K 


3    a  «« 

rr.  —  °  G 

~  £-'  ot  ^ 

-f  ~  o  ^ 

="S  =  ^ 

^  —  ^  ft- 

=-?r2  ft) 

^  CD  ^B  ^ 

P     r-^    ^  /^ 

5!  S'  (B  " 

'2.-  = 

r  OT;  tn 

-5    co    -:  __ 


P   8   • 

1"?  o 

i  ^ 

'       s:  -  H 

2.^  g 

2   §  ft 

M  ^ 


GENERAL  GEORGE  CROOK. 

General  Crook,  born  near  Dayton,  ().,  September  8th,  1828,  died  in  Chi 
cago.  III.,  March  21st,  18'JO,  was  graduated  at  tlie  United  States  Military 
Academy  in  1852,  and  was  on  duty  with  the  Fourth  Infantry  in  California  in 
1832- 'Cl.  He  had  risen  to  a  captaincy,  when,  at  tli-  beginning  of  the  Civil 
War,  he  returned  to  the  Kast  and  became  colonel  of  the  Thirty-sixth 
Ohio  Infantry.  He  afterward  served  in  the  Western  Virginia  campaign,  in 
command  of  the  Third  Provisional  Brigade,  from  May  1st  to  August  15th, 
1862,  and  was  wounded  in  the  action  at  Lewisburg.  He  served  in  Ten 
nessee  in  1863,  and  on  July  1st  he  was  transferred  to  the  command  of  the 
Second  Cavalry  Division.  After  various  actions,  ending  in  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga,  he  pursued  Wheeler's  Confederate  cavalry  and  defeated  it. 
He  entered  upon  the  command  of  the  Kanawha  District,  in  Western  Vir 
ginia,  in  February,  1804  ;  made  constant  raids  and  was  in  numerous 
actions.  He  took  part  in  Sheridan's  Shenandoah  campaign,  and  received 
the  brevet  of  brigadier  general  and  major  general  in  the  United  States 
Army.  March  13th,  1865.  General  Crook  had  command  of  the  cavalry  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  from  March  26th  to  April  9th,  during  which 
time  he  was  engaged  at  Dinwiddie  Courthouse,  Sailor's  Creek  and  Farm- 
ville,  till  tliu  surrender  at  Appomattox. 


GENERAL  RICHARD  J.  OOLESBY. 


GENERAL  BENJAMIN  F.  BUTLEK. 

General  Butler  was  born  in  Deerfield,  N.  H.,  November  Gth,  1818.  At  the 
time  of  President  Lincoln's  call  for  troops  in  April,  1861,  he  held  the  commis 
sion  of  brigadier  general  of  militia.  On  the  17th  of  that  month  he  marched 
to  Annapolis  with  the  Eighth  Massachusetts  Regiment,  and  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  District  of  Annapolis,  in  which  the  city  of  Baltimore 
was  included.  On  May  13th,  18C1,  he  entered  Baltimore  at  the  head  of 
1)00  men,  occupied  the  city  without  opposition,  and  on  May  16th  was  made 
a  major  general  and  assigned  to  the  command  of  Fortress  Monroe  and  the 
Department  of  Eastern  Virginia.  In  August  he  captured  Forts  Hatteras 
and  Clark.  lie  then  returned  to  Massachusetts  to  recruit  an  expedition 
for  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  Mississippi.  On  March  23d,  1862,  the 
expedition  reached  Ship  Island,  and  on  April  17th  went  up  the  Mississippi. 
The  fleet  under  Farragut  having  passed  the  forts,  April  24th,  and  virtually 
captured  New  Orleans,  General  Butler  took  possession  of  the  city  on 
May  1st.  Near  the  close  of  18G3  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  Arrny 
of  the  James.  In  December,  1864,  he  conducted  an  ineffectual  expedition 
against  Fort  Fisher,  and  soon  afterward  was  removed  from  command  by 
General  Grant.  He  died  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  January  llth,  1893. 


•414 


f!    - 


GENERAL    JOSEPH    G.    TOTTEN. 

General  Totten,  born  in   New   Haven,  Conn.,  August  23d,  1788,  died 
i  Washington,  D.  C.,  April    23d,  1864,  was   graduated   from   the   United 
states   Military   Academy  in   1805,   and    promoted    second   lieutenant   in 
the  corps  of  engineers.      After   the   beginning  of  the  Civil  War  he  had 
charge  of  the  engineer   bureau  in  Washington.     When  the  corps  of  engi 
neers  and  that  of  topographical  engineers  were  consolidated,  in  1863,  he  was 
made  brigadier  general  on  March  3d  ;  and  for  his  long,  faithful  and  eminent 
services  was  brevetted  major  general,  April  21st,  1864. 


IN     THK     SHENANDOAH    VALLEY— GENERAL     FREMONT'S     DIVISION     MARCHING     THROUGH    THE    WOODS    TO     ATTACK    THE    CONFEDERATES 


wooden  structure,  and  it  was  soon  enveloped  in  names. 


(JAMP    OF    THE    NINTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT    IN     THE    WOODS,   ONE    MILE    FROM    THE    CONFEDERATE    FORTIFICATIONS, 

YORKTOWN,  VA.,  APRIL    lOrn,    1862. 


216 


-.^•i.»-yy-~    . --^--   f3fcZf  ^T*y.  >»»<•<: 


ADVANCE    OF    FEDERAL    TROOPS    ON    CORINTH— THE    CARNIVAL    OF    MUD— SCENE    AT    LICK    CRKEK    ROTTOM,    1JETVVEEN    PITTS H1" 

THK.IU    WAY    TH  I 


Our  illustration  cannot  fail  to  fasten  the  grand  fact  of  mud  firmly  on  the  reader's  mind.     It  was  carefully  sketched  on  the  spot  at  Lick  Creek   HoUoin. 
pull  through  tho  cannon  and  wagon  train,  but  the  mud  was  too  (top,  and  the  result  was  that  in  a  few  hours  the  bottom   was  filled  with   wagons  ami   mule*. 


I  NDING    AND     MONTEREY,    FOUR    MILES    FROM     CORINTH,  MONDAY,    MAY    STH,    1862— GENERAL     HURLBUT'S    DIVISION    FORCING 

II  THE     MUD. 

Li   vi'u,\  tim-lbut'a  division  of  Halleek's  grand  army  was  advancing  from  Pittsburg  Landing  to  Monterey.     On    Monday,   M.-iy  5fch,  un    attempt  was    made    to 
KS   mired,  and  waiting  for  dry  weather  to  be  dug  out. 


PKACTICE-13-INCH    SHELL    MORTAR,    AS     USED    BY    THE    FEDERAL    GOVERNMENT- WEIGHT    OF    MORTAR    17.000    POUNDS. 


MOltTAK    I'RACTICE-REAR    VIEW    OF     13  INCH    MORTAR,   WITH    ITS    USUAL    COMPLEMENT    OF    SEVEN    GUNNERS. 

The  mortar  \s  one  of  the  most  ancient  forms  of  cannon,  being  used  as  early  as  1495  by  Charles  VlII.  at  the  siege  of  Naples.  In  1478  the 
attempt  was  made  to  project  hollow  shot  filled  with  powder  ;  but  owing  to  their  clumsy  make  the  accidents  were  so  frequent  as  to  cause  their  discon 
tinuance.  In  1G34  :i  French  mechanic  overcame  the  difficulty,  and  mortars  were  revived  in  the  French  service.  Our  illustrations  represent  »  13-inch 
niortur,  the  largest  in  general  practice,  weight  17,000  pounds,  exclusive  of  the  carriage.  The  number  of  men  required  to  work  one  of  these  puns  is 
seven,  for  all  of  whom  there  is  distinct  and  adequate  occupation.  Mortars  are  not  used  in  hand  to-hand  encounters,  their  value  consisting  in  pitching 
shells  into  camps  and  towns,  or  shelling  fortifications  erected  on  elevations,  against  which  cannons  are  of  110  avail. 

218 


THE    VICTORY     AT     B-LUJfi     K1DGE    PASS,    SUNDAY,    SEPTEMBER     UTH,    18IU-INFANTRY     CHARGE,    AND     ROUT     OF     THE     CONFEDERATES. 


Sunday,  Sepcernber   14th,  1862,  having  previously  evacuated   Frederick  City,  the  rear  of  the  Confederate  army  had  readied  the  Blue  liidge   ['ass, 
ine  of  the  Federal  road  leading  from  Frederick  City  to  Hagerstown  and  the  fords  of  the  Upper  Potomac.     Here  it  was  overtaken  by  the   Federal 
advance   under    Generals    Hooker   and    Reno.     The  position  was  a  strong  one,  and  strongly  guarded,  but  was  carried  after  a  severe  action  by  the  Federal 

;k   iu   disorder.     In    this   engagement    General  Reno  was  killed  oa  the  Federal  side,  and  General  Garland  on  that  o: 


On 
on  the  line 


forces,  the    Confederates   falling   back 
the  Confederates. 


A    STREET    IN    HARPER'S    FERRY,   VA.,  DURING    THE    PASSAGE    OF    THE    POTOMAC    BY    THE    FEDERAL    TROOPS    FROM    MARYLAND, 

OCTOBER    24TH.   1862. 

We  give   a   specimen  of  the   grotesque   in   war.     Experience  proves   that   where   there    is   much    excitement   there   is   always   a   rollicking  gayety  in 
proportion   to   the   excitement.     The    terrible   stimulus   of  war   constantly  produced   scenes   which    almost   approached    those   of   a   carnival.     Am 
younger  of  the  Federal  soldiers  this  was  very  apparent,  more  especially  among  some  of  the  zouave  regiments. 


219 


I 


221 


?H3  g  S 

re  <  H.0  3 

to  c  re  S 


§TO  £ 


^  a.      o  a, 
o  5  K'r"  2 


w 
> 

H 

H 


CB 
W 
Q 
W 

co 
GO 


S'  O          P  -3  ,^ 

1  - 1  -.  J 1 

3-  «T  ="*•  ST  °  * 

§  2  ^^  Ho 
re        ?^ 


!  S,g.O 

g  s^^s- 

=*       2ore« 
•1    •r]  cr          3    Tj 

So       2       * 


q  § 


5 

"  2  •?  O  ^ 


to  ;r      o  3 

° 


s 


w 

02 


CO 

f 

I 

O 


P 
I 

W 
>• 

Kj 

O 


o 


w 


cco       H 
-   ^  -S  i  n  o         & 

2-'  CS.  2  <  s 

w  3    rb    i- 


M  o 

03    H 


5-  _.,    '  ^  g  £-        g   ^ 

3    ^'  O    — •  3    to  V 


, — 

r.^     g  »  ? 


O 

O 


2  =- 


„. 


=•     2.3  3  ° 

re_^-  =^  to        <r> 
.        ^  H 


0§ 

H 

t) 


*"•  ^  ~  a  ""  ^ 


mn 

—    3  *5    en-         <rf 
^.  <rf  P     O    2    f 


-a 
-  in 


3o.-2.rg 


M 
X 
H 
» 
f>» 

r 

CO 


5° 


W 

w 

Q 
O 


O 
M 


W 

W 

>• 


g- 


O    fD    GO 
- 


cj"S  .£  £  1 5  -=  £  § 

1-^-1-ilE-- 
-s-SMli^ 


tn  >  a>       *"  e      -C  -" 
-t  a,  TT  s  _Cj>  T;  iH  — 

^FI^M 
s.ril^iis 


o 

_- 


^  5  v.  •§.  o      tn  —  e 
c  E-i£--*5" 

°l^2ll|-S.l 

.ea*ISf  S-1 

^  S  5  v  «  S  £  c  .£ 

~    C       •    b  —    (•-    5=  « 

*5  .^-     £.     sc  "^     t-    ^^>  ^     ^_ 

^SK^K 

c^;-1|.£sj 

0  --  ^-  *  "?  2  2 
*-  E  £  i  "  5  J 

*!i-!ii:|| 

•E|::-;l^ 

|Jli|£l3^s 

^^^^^S"0^ 

t»     **     (jj>     O  ^T   r— 

•^  o     '       •• 


^  go  2  5  I  5  S  0 

sr^lill 


E 


O 

—    •*-> 
•";    «• 


ffl- 

S  -  c  cV  ~ 
E  *  5  J=  -  f 


ill  1 1 

-•  a/3  E,» 

£T*   g'-   ~g 


O    3     **    (D    ^j^ 
C3     S     CO     O   '^     y 

o  !/   ^  P  E. 

C^-       S"  CD    O    S 

oltga" 


I— I 
25 
H 
H 


S       rt>   3CT 

o   ;-! 

i  <B    O    CD    —    „ 


O     O 


Jo"  CD    O    f^  r' 
r*-  5^0    g    ° 

^  2.^3  3 


n  --  • 
' 


—      ° 

P  -      uJ  ^  GO 

3          _2        o 
•—  .  ^    —  ""^    O 


~  ^  p  »  2 
^  -«  2.  H 
_  ^  2-.  o  K° 


-  P  *  H 
2  S3  s"-^. 


-2  §2  || 


a 

o 
d 

H 

i 

s 

o 


o 

w 

§ 

H 

O 


GO 

a 


5> 

H  ^ 

W  B 

X  CO 
O 


^j   O 
O  H 

w 

ng 
a  > 


-  S  -  a  S      S 
,-  »-"  ,— -  as  x      ^ 


H 
H 


o>  3    _ 

3,    ai  _  o    - 

2  »  3  *  ^ 

<-^  _  o  o 

O  •£    >-*»  "i 


_     0 


H 


Si      K 


a 


Pl^ 

co    O 
t>    O 


3&S8.B 

§-ia^i 


=          S    r, 

K     -.  2     — 


3 
P 


5  33-- 2. 


VW     £3  ^   — 

'**'     >^.H  ***     * 

2.S  3  &rt- 

2  a,  »  o  2. 

—     S  3)  CD 

JO     — '     *^  —"  Qj 

&j  <  O 

?-.*  5.  » 

=>  a  ct>  3  3 


O  05 
W  ^ 

GO   W 

H 

ll 


O 

>™( 

GO 


VERY 


o 


O 
2! 


d 

GO 

w 


GO 


g 

cl 


00  ~1  ^     ™ 

CD    "—    »    ^    o 

ff  3  §  2  §3 

01  «0     5     0^  O 

<X*     ft,     p-  «3     ^ 


g 


»'»  §^^ 

09     3     CiJ   X     3 

2  ® 

^,  ™   ^  p  < 


225 


I 


H 
>• 


w 

- 


d 


o 

a 

K 
PQ 

O 

d 

M 


M 

W 


a 
5 

6 

PH 


W 
H 


I 


227 


" 


' 


^r 

i 

ti 


rH      OJ  "^  ^         C   O3      *~      Cfl 

S       ,2  e  =  §'      £ 
w  a>^5  <s  'S  S  SR  3 


J3     p 

CT 

P3O 


§"£.3 


3    p    O 
~.'      3 

5' 


?  1  o 

_    o  ~ 
•So- 


=  "  M 

O  taj     t— *  M 
~.'  O     5' 

•a1?*  P 

5  ST-  | 

S"  C".  rt-  O3 

o   s^  H 


isi  § 


2'0     I-  « 

1ZI'  § 

2   =3  " 

•  o  <  H 

—t~  ja  M 

5L  I 

5s""  02 


0     ~  m 


_    S.  » 

2,zr  a 
±;  -s 


— -  o 
|  =  | 

O    05  C 
=     i-1  O) 


a 

as 

3 
i— i 
o 

!?! 
02 

O 


^  t»  x;-  << 

^  — .  5  t> 

^  3  n  » 

;1|  g 

p  3  £-  ^ 

s  *  O  H 

^==5t  a 

p  e  °  « 

O    SC  HI- 

S.  —  tB 

3-1  M 

TO  §  w 

rt.  a,  ft) 

o  '  >• 


CD     O 


O     M 
^     00 


8? 

H 

S-  3 

3  8 

-     -- 


•-t    _ 

o   CO 
O    P 

^s 

o 


o 
ft) 
o 


H 

a 


Q 

Si 


*3 
i 


r.EXEHAL     DAVID     HUXTER. 

Genera]  Hunter,  born  in  Washington,  I).  C.,  July  21st,  1802,  died 
the  re.  February  2d,  188*;,  was  graduated  at  the  United  States  Military 
Academy  in  1822  ;  appointed  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Infantry;  pro 
moted  first  lieutenant  in  1828,  and  became  a  captain  in  the  First  Dragoons 
in  1833.  lie  resigned  his  commission  in  1830,  and  engaged  in  business 
in  Chicago,  lie  re-entered  the  military  service  as  a  paymaster,  with  the 
rank  of  major,  in  March,  1842.  On  'May  14th.  18C1,  he  was  appointed 
colonel  of  the  Sixth  United  States  Cavalry,  and  three  days  later  was  com 
missioned  brigadier  general  of  volunteers.  He  commanded  the  main  column 
of  McDowell's  army  in  the  Manassas  campaign,  and  was  severely  wounded 
at  Hull  Kun.  .Inlv  21st.  ISfil.  lie  was  made  a  major  general  of  volunteers. 
August  Kith.  1801;  served  under  General  Fremont  in  Missouri,  and  on 
November  2d  succeeded  him  in  the  command  of  the  Western  Department. 
In  March.  18C2,  General  Hunter  was  transferred  to  the  Department  of  the 
South,  with  headquarters  at  Port  Uoyal,  S.  C.  In  May,  1864,  he  was  placed 
in  command  of  the  Department  of  West  Virginia,  lie  defeated  a  consid 
erable  force  at  Piedmont  on  .June  5th.  lie  was  brevetted  major  general, 
United  States  Army,  March  Kith,  1805.  and  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer 
service  in  January,  1800. 


GENERAL    T.   E.   RANSOM. 

Gem-nil  Hansom,  born  in  Norwich,  Vt.,  November  29th,  1S34,  died 
near  Koine,  Ga.,  October  29th,  1804,  was  educated  at  Norwich  University; 
learned  civil  engineering,  and  in  1851  removed  to  Illinois,  where  he  en 
gaged  in  business.  He  was  elected  major,  and  then  lieutenant  colonel,  of 
the  Btofenth  Illinois,  and  was  wounded  while  leading  a  charge  at  Charles- 
town,  Mo.,  August  20th,  1801.  He  participated  in  the  capture  of  Fort 
II-  ury,  and  led  his  regiment  in  the  assault  upon  Fort  Donclson,  where  he 
was  wxeivly  wounded.  He  was  promoted  colonel  for  his  bravery.  In  1863 
:  was  made  a  brigadier  general,  his  commission  dating  from  November 
In  the  battle  of  Sabine  Crossroads  he  received  a  wound  in 
the  knee,  from  which  he  never  recovered.  He  was  brevetted  major  ceneral, 
September  1st,  18G4. 


(iEXEKAL    ALFRED    PLEASdNTON. 

General  Pleasonton.  horn  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  June  Tth,  1824,  was 
graduated  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy  in  1844;  served  in  the 
Mexican  War,  and  was  brevetted  first  lieutenant  for  gallant  and  meritori 
ous  conduct  in  the  battles  of  Palo  Alto  and  Resaca  de  la  Pal  ma;  was 
commissioned  first  lieutenant  in  1849,  and  captain  in  1855  ;  commanded 
his  regiment  in  its  march  from  Utah  to  Washington  in  1801  ;  was  com 
missioned  major  of  the  Second  Cavalry  in  1802  ;  served  through  the  Vir 
ginia  Peninsula  campaign  ;  became  brigadier  general  of  volunteers  in  July 
of  that  year,  and  commanded  the  division  of  cavalry  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  that  followed  Lee's  invading  army  into  Maryland.  He  was  en 
gaged  at  Boonesborough,  South  Mountain,  Antietam  and  the  subsequent 
pursuit;  engaged  the  enemy  a't  Fredericksburg,  and  staid  the  further  advance 
of  the  enemy  at  Chancellorsville.  He  received  the  brevet  of  lieutenant 
Colonel  for  Antietam  in  1862  ;  was  promoted  major  general  of  volunteers 
in  June.  1803,  participating  in  the  numerous  actions  that  preceded  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg.  In  March,  1865,  he  was  made  major  general,  United 
States  Army,  for  services  throughout  the  Civil  War. 


GENERAL  ALEXANDER  S.  WEBB. 

General  Webb,  born  in  New  York  city,  February  15th,  1835,  was 
graduated  from  the  United  States  Military  Academy  in  1855,  and  assigned 
to  the  artillery.  He  served  in  Florida,  Minnesota,  and  for  three  years  as 
JMsistant  professor  at.  West  Point.  He  was  present  at  Bull  Run  and  1:1 
Uie  defenses  of  Washington  until  1862,  when  he  participated  in  the  battles 
of  the  Peninsula  campaign  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  as  chief  of 
staff  of  the  Fifth  Corps  during  the  Maryland  and  Rappahannock  cam 
paigns  till  June  23d,  1863.  He  was  then  commissioned  brigadier  general 
of  volunteers,  and  placed  in  command  of  a  brigade  of  the  Second  Corp. 
serving  with  great  credit  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg.  He  was  made  major 
general,  United  States  Army,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the 
campaign  terminating  with 'the  surrender  of  the  insurgent  army  undei 
General  Lee. 


THE    CONFEDERATE     RAID     INTO     KENTUCKY- THE     FIGHT     AT     THE     LICKING     BRIDGE,    CYNTHIANA,    RK'1."\YF.K\     THK     FEDERAL 

TROOPS     AND     THK     MORGAN     CONFEDERATE     GUERRILLAS. 

Cynthiana  the  scene  of  the  fight  between  the  Cincinnati  Volunteers  and  Moroni's  Confederate  cavalry,  is  the  capital  of  Harrison  County,  K 
When  Morgan  with  his  <merrillas  arrived  on  the  south  side  of  the  Licking  River,  on  Thursday,  July  17th,  180:2,  he  found  Lieutenant  Colonel  Landrui 
of  the  Eighteenth  Kentucky  Regiment,  with  a  hastily  gathered  force,  ready  to  oppose  him.  The  splendidly  mounted  Confederates  were  however,  t 
much  for  him.  and  after  making  a  gallant  defense  the  Confederates  forced  their  way  over  the  bridge,  killed  a  number  of  the  Federals  and  captured  o 
cannon.  Landrum  and  about  forty  of  his  troops  made  good  their  repeat  to  Lexington,  which  vas  in  a  perfect  panic  at  the  prc 
federate  chief. 


THE    CONFEDERATE    RAID    INTO    KENTUCKY-EXCITEMENT    AT    COVINGTON-GATHERING    OF    ARMED    FEDERAL    CITIZENS    AT    THE 
RAILROAD    AND    TELEGRAPH    OFFICE,   ON    HEARING    OF    THE    CAPTURE    OF    CYNTHIANA    BY    THE    CONFEDERATE 

The   dash    of   Morgan   from    his   mountain    haunts   in   Tennessee  through  Kentucky  caused  considei  able  alarm  throughout  the  State,  for  it  was i  w 
planned    and    boldly   executed.     It   is   said   to   have   been    an   inspiration   from    Jeff.  Davis   himself,  intended  to  produce  a  general  uprising  i 
against   the   Federal   Government.     The   people,    however,  soon   recovered   from   their  momentary  terror  :   and  it  was   then   t 
Federal  sentiment  was  in  Kentucky  than  that  of  Secession. 


231 


:  '.w' 


i&J^j 


yys^^  * 


" 


''       5 

afe^'-- 

• 


i'"'/*  /        \       / 

Lfi>t^jJi4AfirfM 


iffi 

**U  ^.i  /Xv  ,v , .^••£<",  *.  tf  A,W% 


The  battle        M 


BATTLE    OP    MALVEKN    HILL,   NEAK    TUKKEY    3JJ  D,  JA* 


^ 


across  the  country,  with  cavalry  on   each  fl  k 
Heintzelman  took  up  the  centre,  and   on  tl  rigM  ' 

feLa    !',Cd  ^'tllin   fiffcy  yards   of  the    enemy  and  °Pened  a  splendid  lii  of" 
00,  tho  night  fell,  and  having  moved  across  Turkey  Island  Creek.    >e> 

|Q.)        '}A 


• 


^.  &&&-A  & : "  L  • .  £  ,E- ^ .  feoa^&K^  tf, i.  wfel^sO'A): 


•  r  •  T  F  X 


•- I    .  Y?     »LK-:*7'=^S  "•""   *    \'        "*-v' '  /  \ 


MM 


I'.     RIVEK,    VA.,   FOUGHT     TUESDAY,   JULY     IST,    1862.  »^ 

•  eclerals  at  once  jumped  up  wearily,  and  waited  their  approach,  while  all  the  signal  officers,  on  their  several  stations,  waved  their  cabalistic  muslin.  The 
vc  the  remnants  of  Porter  and  Simmer.  Burns's  brigade,  being  ordered  to  charge,  advanced  with  the  Sixty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Eegiment  (Irish),  Colonel 
k'1  y.  The  left  of  the  line  was  now  advanced,  and  the  troops  of  General  Couch  really  behaved  wonderfully,  facing  the  enemy  wherever  he  appeared,  and 
e  p  the  bridge,  and  soon  the  whole  army  closed  up  at  and  near  Harrison's  Bar,  twenty-seven  miles  from  Kichmond. 


KK.MOYI.M;   SUNKEN   SCHOONERS   FROM   com-:   SOUND,  N.  c.,  PLACED   TO  OBSTRUCT   THE   PASSAGE   OF   THE   FEDERAL  GUNBOATS, 
UNDEI;   THE   SUPERINTENDENCE   OF   CAPTAIN    HAYDEN,  OF  THE  NEW    YORK    SUBMARINE  ENGINEEEING  COMPANY. 

The  perverse  in"enuitv  which  the  Confederates  showed  in  obstructing  the  channels  which  led  to  their  strongholds  was  only  exceeded  by  the  per 
ent  ingenuity  with  which  the  Federal  oflioers  removed  them.  The  Confederates  obstructed  the  channel  of  Core  Sound  by  sinking  schooners,  but 
der  the  superintendence  of  Captain  llavden.  of  the  New  York  Submarine  Engineering  Company,  they  were  removed  by  blasting.  The  shock  was  per 


sistent 

under   the   superintendence   of   Cap  .  _  .       . 

ceptihly  felt  a  considerable  distance,  and   it  was  some  time  before  the  water  resumed   its  usual  appearance. 


DESTRUCTION    OF    THE    CONFEDERATE    IRONCLAD    STEAMER    "MERRIMAC,"    BLOWN    UP    BY    ITS    COMMANDER,     ON    THE 

MORNING    OF    MAY     HTH,    1862. 

The  abandonment  of  Norfolk  compelled  the  evacuation  of  the  Confederate  positions  at  (Jewell's  Point  and  at  Craney  Island,  and  on  May  llth,  186*, 
the  Mernmac  was  blown  up  to  prevent  her  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  Federals. 


234 


, 


FEDERAL     TROOPS     MARCHING     THROUGH     SECOND     STREET,    NEW     FERNANDINA,    FLA. 

Our  sketch  of  New  Fernandina  in  ]8G2  shows  the  principal  business  street  in  the  city,  called  Second  Street.  There  seemed  to  be  quite  a  joke  in 
(lumbering  streets  where  there  were  not  half  a  dozen  in  the  place;  but  the  spirit  of  imitation  was  strong,  and  as  Philadelphia  and  New  York,  with 
their  thousands  of  blocks,  are  simplified  and  rendered  more  easily  findable  by  the  aid  of  arithmetic,  so  must  be  the  villages  of  the  South. 


REVIEW    OF    CONFEDERATE    TROOPS    ON    THEIR    MARCH    TO    VIRGINIA,   IN    FRONT    OF    THE    PULASKI    MONUMENT,   MONUMENT    SQUARE. 

SAVANNAH.   GA,,   AUGUST    TTH,    1861. 


gallant  foreigner  in  Chippewa  Sq 


the  British  hela  possession  of  Savannah. 


235 


237 


^   V" 


a  c^S 
«8-^sC 

^•c 

'3  £~  £ 
-o       fe 

--      — 


-       , 

=8    e    * 

Ml 


^-f-s 

|PS*H 

<D    C3    O 

£    £"J5 


t>  p 
§  g  « 
e  "-1  S> 

I:i 


c!    s 


<! 

— 

g 

o 


W 
H 
02 


ERSBTJRG; 


•T;  «  £  m 

^  "c  ^  ^ 
C  c  73  § 
O)  t)  V  C 
"5  c  -« 
c.-**^ 
pT^J 

*.  .js 

o  o  ^  a> 
—  c      fo 

-£-1^ 
tr.  •  5  C 

|^6 
"^  ^  « 


. 

*-  ^  P-  <a 

x;  " 


- 


TROOPS 


<! 
K 
K 
R 
W 


PH 
C 

g 


iri*  > 

•'£  <t 
1  ~  -^ 


^  cc  —  e 
a       ®  c 

*s  o  « 


ilfl 
o  t 


•  c 

•-     ^  £ 
n~  a.i 

_=  o  o 


fc  c      ^ 
*"o^1 

•  C3    C5    t 
o         fe  "E 


c  => 


GENERAL  RUTHERFORD  B.  HAYES. 


Geneuil  llayes,  iiiiiuteenth  President  of  the  United  States,  born  in  Delaware,  0.,  October  4tli,  1822,  was  graduated  at  Kenyon  College  in  1842.  In 
1845  lie  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Marietta,  ().,  and  soon  afterward  entered  into  practice  at  Fremont  and  Cincinnati.  On  June  7th,  1861,  the  Governor 
of  Ohio  appointed  Mr.  I  [urea  a  major  of  the  Twent-third  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  in  July  the  regiment  was  ordered  into  West  Vir 


ginia.  On  [September  llHh,  1801,  Major  Haves  was  appointed  by  General  Kosecrans  judge  advocate  of  the  Department  of  Ohio,  the  ditties  of  which 
office  he  Derformed  for  about  two  months.  On  October  24th,  18"61,  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant  colonel.  On  September  14th,  18G2,  in 
the  battle  of  South  Mountain,  he  distinguished  himself  by  gallant  conduct  in  leading  a  eharge  and  in  holding  his  position  at  the  head  of  his  men,  after 
being  severely  wounded  in  his  left  arm,  until  he  was  carried  from  the  field.  On  October  4th,  1802,  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  same  regiment.  In 
July,  1803,  lie  took  part  in  the  operations  of  the  national  army  in  Southwestern  Virginia.  In  the  spring  of  1804  Colonel  Hayes  commanded  a  brigade 
in  General  Crook's  expedition  to  cut  the  principal  lines  of  communication  between  Richmond  and  the  Southwest.  He  took  a  creditable  part  in  the  en 
gagement  at  Berry  ville,  and  at  the  second  battle  of  Winchester,  September  10th,  1804,  where  he  performed  a  feat  of  extraordinary  bravery.  At  tlie 
battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  October  10th.  1804,  the  conduct  of  Colonel  Hayes  attracted  so  much  attention  that  his  commander,  General  Crook,  on  the  battlefield 
took  him  by  the  hand,  saying  :  "Colonel,  from  this  day  you  will  be  a  brigadier  general."  The  commission  arrived  a  few  days  afterward;  and  on  March 
13th,  1805,  he  received  the  rank  of  brevet  major  general  for  gallant  and  distinguished  services  during  the  campaign  of  1804  in  West  Vi'-ginia,  :',nd  par 
ticularly  at  the  battles  of  Fisher's  Hill  and  Cedar  Creek,  Va.  Ho  died  January  17th,  1893. 


240 


GENERAL    ,'AMES    A.    GARFIELD. 

General  Gairield,  twentieth  President  of  the  United  States,  born  in  Orange,  Cuyahoga  County,  0.,  November  19th,  1831,  died  in  EJberon,  N.  J., 
September  iOtn,  1881,  was  graduated  from  Williams  College  with  the  highest  honors  in  the  class  of  1856.  In  the  next  six  years  he  was  a  college 
president,  a  State  Senator,  a  major  general  in  the  national  army  and  a  Representative-elect  in  the  national  Congress.  American  annals  reveal  no  other 
promotion  so  rapi'1.  >r»d  so  varied.  In  August,  1861,  Governor  Dennison  commissioned  him  lieutenant  colonel  in  the  Forty-second  Regiment  of  Ohio 
Volunteers.  Tiie  men  were  his  old  pupils  at  Hiram  College,  whom  he  had  persuaded  to  enlist.  Promoted  to  the  command  of  this  regiment,  he 
drilled  it  into  military  efficiency  while  waiting  orders  to  the  front,  and  in  December,  1861,  reported  to  General  Buell,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  General 
Buell  was  so  impressed  by  the  soldierly  condition  of  the  regiment  that  he  gave  Colonel  Garfield  a  brigade,  and  assigned  him  to  the  task  of  driving 
the  Confederate  general  Humphrey  Marshall  from  Eastern  Kentucky.  The  undertaking  itself  was  difficult ;  General  Marshall  had  5,000  men,  while 
Garfield  had  but  half  that  number,  and  must  march  through  a  State  where  the  majority  of  the  people  were  bitterly  hostile  to  attack  an  enemy  strongly 
intrenched  in  a  mountainous  country.  Garfield,  nothing  daunted,  concentrated  his  little  force,  and  moved  it  with  such  rapidity,  sometimes  here  and 
sometimes  there,  that  General  Marshall,  deceived  by  those  feints,  and  still  more  by  false  reports  which  were  skillfully  prepared  for  him,  abandoned  his 
position  and  many  supplies  at  Paintville,  and  was  caught  in  retreat  by  Garfield,  who  charged  the  full  force  of  the  enemy,  and  maintained  a  hand-to- 
hand  fight  with  it  for  four  hours.  The  enemy  had  5.000  men  and  12  cannon  ;  Garfield  had  no  artillery,  and  but  1,100  men.  But  he  held  his  own 
until  re-enforced  by  Generals  Graner  and  Sheldon,  when  Marshall  gave  way,  leaving  Garfield  the  victor  at  Middle  Creek,  January  10th,  1862,  one  of  the 
most  important  of  the  minor  battles  of  the  war.  In  recognition  of  these  services  President  Lincoln  made  the  young  colonel  a  brigadier  general,  dating 
his  commission  from  the  battle  of  Middle  Creek.  He  took  part  in  the  second  day's  fight  at  Shiloh,  and  was  engaged  in  all  the  operations  in  front  of 
Corinth  ;  and  in  June,  1862.  rebuilt  the  bridges  on  the  Memphis  and  Charleston  Railroad,  and  exhibited  noticeable  engineering  skill  in  repairing  the 
fortifications  of  Huntsville.  In  February,  1863,  General  Rosecrans  made  him  his  chief  of  staff.  At  the  battle  of  Cnickamauga,  January  24th,  1863, 
Garfield  volunteered  to  take  the  news  of  the  defeat  on  the  right  to  General  Thomas,  who  held  the  left  of  the  line.  It  was  a  bold  ride,  under  constant 
fire,  but  he  reached  Thomas  and  gave  the  information  that  saved  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  For  this  action  he  was  made  a  major  general, 
September  19th,  1863.  At  the  request  of  President  Lincoln  he  resigned  his  commission,  December  3d,  1863,  and  hastened  to  Washington  to  sit  in 
Congress,  to  which  he  had  been  chosen,  fifteen  months  before,  as  the  successor  of  Joshua  R.  Giddings.  General  Garfield  was  inaugurated  President  of 
the  United  States  in  1881,  and  was  shot  by  a  disappointed  office  seeker  (Guiteau),  July  2d,  the  same  year. 

341 


k1 

i 

o 

IA 

k 

K 

^. 

W 

X 

Hi 

. 

f 

i/,'1  •    ^ 

1 

— 

55 

a 

14 
— 


1 


m 

ii 


i 


2 

!? 


r- 


I 


24.'i 


f     W 


IIP! 

^  _§  =  .£  S 


*"  c  £**""£ 

•4-1     O      t      ^     P 


gib1 

••     \£.     *"" 

^  S  c  < 


:£.£ 


g  J5         08 
C5   *   ?. 


—  C  -"• 

"  "-  c    •  c 

c5  ee  c  ^   C 

*  c  S  P 


5  •H       g1*1 

2          Ec.fcurj 


C 
O    a 


O    | 


K 
Pi 

p: 

E- 


C        £ 


^ 

- 
K 


•  i 
:C 


C    O 

o 

o 


W 
X 

K 


-t; 
P 

K 
K 


J« 
O 


cc 

EH 

O 

K 
fe 

fe 
C 

H 

K 


O 
W 


O 

c 
N: 


o 


«  c 


X        c   a) 

.rtIFE 

-  g  c  -  u 

—       P  J:  ? 


•  -*-  > 

L  C     0,     S     O 

"F   ~  -^  ^ 
!-=    =    ="" 


.       r-  rr 

g  i  g 


E 
C  • 


-oco      ce  g 
^^  «       o 

no  ^C  •   ' 


^•N§-5 

1  n,  S  5  "^ 


" 


»  £ '—  ~  '5  ^ 

-S  »  &  £  ? C 


lln?  B 
• 


£•£.*'!  *. 

i3  %  I0?- 

"^  O    <3     5K    iJ 


,  —     '  — 

=  »      2  £.5 

-3  ..  a-2  ts  a- 


~  3 

^  o 

w  3.0,  5?  §  8 

•»        -    - 


?-s-%  -Fg 
=  3  5.  5-    -3 

'is,!'0^ 


» I-* 


;L  .""   -i         QO  io  ' 

»  ^'  ra  o 

—,1^    —  X.  —  3 


Tl 


- 
3  ?  3  5   E^ 

O    3    »    ^    £ 
3  .-•    O-5-  3 


3  W 

^         ^ 
O 


a 

H 


-3*  a    x    O         ^.         H 

"d   3    ^.  55    ^  ^* 

p    ci-  ?    'f    ~~  ~*         ^ 


-32  TT 

J  —-i  -< 

<» 


=*  -.        ™    = 


^ 

O 

g 

H 


O 

o> 
ft 
o 


O    3    02    S 
=    -<>?S'  3 


•        JB»  1. 

3   2  5;^ 

^  -      ' 


e-f-  OQ    -       3 
»  _  O    O 

3  §  ?="* 

§  3  »  *.» 


3 


;Hff 


•s  5-2:3 


<;I:M:I:AI,    rrr/.i<>HN    J'OKTF.I;. 

General  Portei,  horn  at  1'ortsinoutli,  >.'.  II.,  June  15th,  1822,  was  grad 
uated  from  the  United  States  .Military  Academy  in  1845,  and  assigned  to 
the  Fourth  Artillery,  in  winch  lie  became  second  lieutenant,  June  18th, 
184G.  He  served  in  the  Mexican  War,  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  on 
May  29th,  and  received  the  brevet  of  captain,  September  8th,  1847,  for 
services  at  Molino  del  Rev,  and  that  of  major  for  Chapultepec.  On  May 
14th,  1861,  he  became  colonel  of  the  Fifteenth  Infantry,  and  on  May  17th, 
18G1,  he  was  made  brigadier  general  of  volunteers,  and  assigned  to  duty  in 
Washington.  In  1862  he  participated  in  the  Virginia  Peninsula  campaign,  at 
Yorktown.  (James's  Mill  and  Malvern  Hill,  and  received  the  brevet  of  briga 
dier  general  in  the  regular  army  for  gallant  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
horniny,  Va.,  June  27th,  1802.  On  November  27th,  1802,  General  Porter 
was  arraigned  before  a  court-martial  in  Washington,  charged  with  disobeying 
orders  at  the  second  battle  of  Hull  Run,  and  on  January  21st,  1863,  he  was 
cashiered.  A  bill  for  his  relief  was  signed  by  President  Cleveland,  and  he 
was  restored  to  the  United  (Strtes  Army  us  colonel,  August  7th,  1886. 


GENERAL    OKMHUi     MxcKMlGHT    MITCHEL. 

fla°«ne,ral  Mitcliel.  »)'»rn  at  Morganfleld,  Union  County,  Ky.,  August  28th, 
1809    died  at  Hilton   Head,   S.  C.,  October  30th,  1862,  was  graduated  from 
the  United  States  Military  Academy  in  1829.     Immediately  after  his  grad 
uation    he  was    made   assistant    professor   of  mathematics   at   the   Military 
Academy   which   position    he  held   for  two  years,  when  he  was  assigned  to 
nty  at  Fort  Marion,  St.  Augustine,  Fla.     lie  soon  resigned  and  moved  to 
2inn.it.    where   he  commenced  the  study  of  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
In  1861   he    entered    the  Civil  War  in   the  cause  of  the  Union,  and 
was  plan.,    m    command  of  a  division  of  General  BueH's  army.     He  served 
~  **  the  0»'<>  Curing  the  campaigns  of  Tennessee  and  North- 

Anr.tnr'V™     Tf?  Cli   t'le,brevet  tJllVf  major  general  of  volunteers, 
nfPH  wA!  CrW,'ird  ,he0w?  1>laced  in  com">and  of  the  Department 

•outh   at  Hilton   Head I,.  S.  C.,  where  he  was  fatally  stricken   with 
yellow  fever  in  the  prime  of  his  career. 


(il.NKKAl,     .lollN     M.     I1KANNAX. 

General  Bran  nan,  born  in  the  District  of  Columbia  in  1819.  was  git.1 
nated  from  the  United  States  Military  Academy  in  1841.  and  stationed  j.i 
Plattsburg,  Is.  Y.,  in  1841-'42.  During  the  Mexican  War  lie  was  first 
lieutenant  in  the  First  Artillery.  He  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Vera  Cruz, 
Cerro  Gordo,  La  Hoya,  Contreras  and  Churubusco,  and  for  giillnnt  and 
meritorious  conduct  was  brevetted  captain  on  August  28th,  1847.  During 
the  next  fourteen  years  he  performed  mucli  arduous  service  on  the  frontier, 
and  from  1856  till  1858  took  a  gallant  part  in  the  campaign  against  the 
Seminoles.  On  September  28th,  1861,  he  was  promoted  to  be  brigadier 
general  of  volunteers,  serving  in  the  far  South  until  January  24th,  1863. 
On  October  10th,  1863,  he  became  chief  of  artillery  of  the  Department  of 
the  Cumberland,  and  held  that  position  till  June  25th,  1865.  On  March 
13th,  18G5,  he  was  brevetted  brigadier  general  in  the  regular  army  for  his 
part  in  the  capture  of  Atlanta,  and  major  general  for  gallant  and  meritori 
ous  services  during  the  war. 


GENERAL    JESSE    L.    KENO. 

General  Reno,  born  in  Wheeling,  W.  Va. ,  June  20th,  1823,  died  on 
South  Mountain,  Md.,  September  14th,  1862,  was  graduated  from  the 
United  States  Military  Academy  in  1846,  and  at  once  promoted  brevet  second 
lieutenant  of  ordnance.  He  served  in  the  Mexican  War,  taking  part  in  the 
battles  of  Cerro  Gordo,  Contreras,  Churubusco  and  Chapultepec,  and  in 
the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz  be  was  commissioned  second  lieutenant,  March  3d, 
1847 ;  brevetted  first  lieutenant,  April  18th,  for  gallant  conduct  in  the 
first-named  engagement,  and  captain,  September  13th,  for  bravery  at 
Chapnltepec,  where  he  was  severely  wounded.  In  the  Civil  War  he  was 
commissioned  brigadier  general,  November  12th,  1861,  and  major  general  of 
volunteers,  July  18th,  1862  ;  led  a  brigade  under  General  Burnside  in  the 
taking  of  Roanoke  Island,  N.  C.,  February  8th,  1862;  was  engaged  under 
General  Pope  at  Manassas  and  Chantilly,  Va.  At  Turner's  Gap  in  South 
Mountain,  Md.,  he  repelled  the  Confederates  under  Lee,  and  after  being 
in  action  all  day  he  was  killed  in  the  evening  of  September  14th,  1862. 


X4C 


SHELLING     OP     A     CONFEDERATE     CAMP     ON     THE     POTOMAC     BY     LIEl'TENANT     TOMPK1NS.    OK     THE     KHtST     KHODK.     ISLAND     BATTERY. 

Lieutenant  Tompkins,   of  the    First   Ivhoo!e   Ishuul   Artillery,   observing  on   the  other  side  of  the   Potomac  a  Confederate  camp,    lixed   one    of    his    ^nn 
uud  after  one  or  two  trials  got  the  range  so  perfectly  that  they  lied  in  the  greatest  confusion. 


BATTLE    OF    CARRICK'S    FORD,   WESTERN     VIRGINIA-DISCOVERY    OF    THE    BODY    OF    GENERAL    GARNETT,    BY    MAJOR    GORDON 

AND    COLONEL    DUMONT,   AFTER    THE    BATTLE. 

After  the  Confederates  had  crossed  the  fourth  ford  General  Garnett  again  endeavored  to  rally  his  men,  standing  waving  his  hand  on  an  exposed 
point  near  the  river  bank,  by  his  side  only  one  young  man  (Chaplet),  wearing  the  uniform  of  the  Georgia  Sharpshooters.  Three  of  Dumont's  men  tired 
at  the  same  time,  and  Garnett  and  his  companion  fell  at  the  first  round.  The  men  rushed  across,  and  on  turning  the  body  discovered  that  the  Con 
federate  leader  of  Western  Virginia  had  paid  the  penalty;  he  w».?  shot  through  the  heart.  Major  Gordon,  U.  S.  A,  closed  his  eyes  reverently,  and  Colo 
nel  Dnmont.  coming  up,  had  him  carried  into  a  grove  clobe  by,  where  they  laid  him  down,  taking  care  of  his  sword  and  watch,  to  be  sent  with  his 
body  to  his  family. 


8*7 


df*. 


,,     - 


w 


i^&&r£s*»'  jf.  £u  ^ff 


BATTLE    OF    WHITE    OAK    SWAMP    Bill  WE,   MONDAY,   JUMK    30TH,    1862-A*KEH'fc>,    MO  I 

After  the  battle  of  Savage's  Station  the  Federals  continued  on  their  retreat,  and  by  eight  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  June  30th,  1862,  they  had  crossed  White  ( 
crossing  White  Oak  Creek    the   Federals  had    quickly  formed   a  new  line   of  battle   at  Willis  Church.   General  Hanoock'l  forces  being  on  the  <  n  .  \vi| 

lie   reached    the   creek,    at   about   noon,    he   found    the   approaches  well  defended  by  artillery.     Jackson    opened    rpon   Hancock's  troops,  and   made 
Federal  force  at  a  place  two  miles  away,  called  FrazicrV  FWm.     Here  ftood  Snmner  and  Hooker,  on    tie   extreme    right,  McCail  somewhat  m  ad\ 
o'clock  when   he   commenced  the  attach       McCaK'.  left  was  first    assailed  bv  Kemper's  brigade,  which  was    met    by  the  Pennsylvania   Reserves  un 

urn  lost  heavily.     Longftreet  and  Hill  now  pressed  on,  and  the  conflict  became  a  severe  one  along  tin  I 


enabled  the  Confederate!  to  drive  back  the  Federals,  who  in  turn 


t    IHXUUU      lll«3    WVUAQUVIBVCa    <*V    VI I  1 »  C     L/tn- IV     IMC    &  QUVI  BIBj     ITIIU    111      IrUJ  IJ      IVJOlv     Ittcnli*.  uvntgtvi  "     J"'  -  .  j 

open  field  upon   McCall's  left,  directly  against  Randall's  battery,  which  centred   upon  the  Confederates  a  most  galling  fire.     Nothing  daunted,  tliey  11 

A  charge  was  then  ordered  for  the  recapture  of  the  guns.     The  Confederates  bravely  met  the  severe  attacks  that  followed.     A  still  more  desperate  Immi- 

remaincd  on  tlir-t  jiorlion  of  the  field  which  th.y  had  lost  er.rlior  in  the  action.     The  Federal  loss  was  about  1,800  killed  and  wounded,  whilst  that  o 


24*-!; 


AND     K.'LNDALL'B     BATTERIES     OHECKiMJ     THE     ADVANCE     Of     THE     GUN  FEDERATES. 


Swamp  and  Creek,  after  destroying  the  bridge  over  the  latter  and  warding  off  the  repeated  attacks  to  whlc\th^/^%^fc^uo£°Uf '°t  fe  &a«f  Md  when 
Porter's  occupied  the  left,  and  Hdntzelman's  and  Simmer's  the  intervening  space.     Jackson's  advance  was  checked  by  the  destine tio     of  t he  Bridge   a 
to    rebuild    the    bridge   under   cover  of  his  heavy  artillery,   but    he  was    every  time  repulsed.      While   this  was   going  on  Lon£st,eet  and^Hill  j.ad  jomtjpo^a 

extreme  left.     When  Longstreet   found  this   force  arrayed  against  him    he  wai        10. 


Fresh   to  u     then 


bridge 

e   centre  and   Kearny  on  the 
ions,  who,  after  a 

One  point,  then  another,  was  vainly  tried  in  the  determined  effort  to 

•     •       «  .     •       i   fiVlit    first  caotured  Cooper's  battery,  and  afterward   oar.. —  -   j, 

trugg.  tooK  P1ace  ror  tne  «.„»  «  ..u.  flt'i"erS£  wh.ch  we're  finally  re'captu red       By  dark  the  Confederates  had  ^edmtothe  woods,  and  the  federals 
lerates  was  over  2,000.     Colonel  Simmous  and  General  Meade  were  both  ge^rely  wounded,  while  General  McCall  was  a  made  pusoner. 


SECTION     OF     FORT     KUNYO.N.    VA  .    GUARDING     THK     KOAD     TO     ALEXANDRIA,    OCCUPIED     IV*     THK     TWENTY-FIRST     KEGIMEN'". 

NEW    YOliK     VOI.r.XTEERS,    AUGUST,    186J. 

Fort  KIIIIVON.  named  after  the  romi-iander  if  tin-  New  Jersey  rc'.aiment.s  whicli  \\jiv  /o/tmvly  stutionsd  ths.-e,  entirely  commanJed  ihe  road  tc 
Alexandria.  Our '.sketch  shows  the  battery  erected  on  this  important  point.  Thy  spot  was  >i  most  picturesque  one,  c  mimandiug  a  spleiui:d  view  all 
arouud,  th-  background  being  me  I'otoinuc  and  Washington. 


PRACTICING    WITH    THK    CELEBRATED    SAWl'EK    GUN     ON     THE    CONFEDERATE     BATTERIES    AT    SEWELL'S    POINT.   NEAR    NORFOLK,   VA. 

FROM     FORT    CALHOON.    ON    THE    RIPRAPS,   IN    FRONT    OF    FORTRESS    MONROE 

The  Ki|>r»i>.-,  on  which  Fort  CVihouri  was  erected,  was  in  advance  of  Fortress  ilonroa,  being  between  it  i.nd  Sewell's  Po'nt,  ind  w..s  an  important 
position,  as  with  guns  of  a  proper  culibi-p  it  could  completely  c  >mmand  and  destroy  the  enemy's  batteries  at  Sewell's  Point.  Geneial  Butler  <?a\  3  special 
attention  to  this  point,  and  various  kinds  of  ordnances  were  experimented  with,  the  Sawyer  rifled  cannon  and  the  Hotchkiss  shell  having  been  proved 
the  most  complete  and  effective. 


250 


e 


fe-"- 


LANDING     STATE     PRISONERS     AT     FORT     LAFAYETTE,    NEW     YORK     BAKBOR,    IN     iKtll. 


Fort  Lafayette,  New  York  harbor,  the  state  prison  of  the  republic  during  the  Civil  War,  is  built  upon  a  shoal  about  four  hundred  yards  from 
Long  Island,  and  is  entirely  surrounded  by  water.  In  shape  it  is  quadrangular,  with  the  angles  pointing  to  the  sea  and  shore  diamondwise  ;  heiic«  it 
was  formerly  called  Fort  Diamond. 


A     RECONNOITRING     DETACHMENT     OF     GENERAL     BANKS'S     CAVALRY,    HYATTSTOWN,    MD.,  IN     THE     DISTANCE. 

There  are  few  sights  more  picturesque  than  a  detachment  of  cavalry  winding  along  the  road  to  some  quiet  little  village.  Nature  and  man  sjem 
then  so  little  in  harmony  that  the  contradiction  becomes  strikingly  attractive.  Our  illustration  represents  a  scene  of  this  kind — a  detachment  of 
Federal  cavalry,  sent  by  order  of  General  Banks,  reconnoitring  in  the  neighborhood  of  Hyattstown,  a  post  village  of  Montgomery  County,  Md.,  and 
gihi.ated  on  Bennett's  Creek,  about  thirty-six  miles  to  the  northwest  of  Washington. 


25  i 


c, 

— 
H 

U. 


H 

tc 


c 

c! 
!/: 

fe 
C 


1  v- 

^ 


c  c 

^1  a: 

O  C/- 

td  • 

*"  > 
** 
o 


«-.  C 

>  R 
^  S 

d  a 

>  tc 
K  C 


o 

g 

i 

c 


K 

O 

s 


o 


s 


263 


5 


073 

a- 
g 


g  II 

GO  ^"*     O 

i-  S  0) 

*  i* 

8  £"* 

8  *1 
W 


S        £  u 

5     i  « 


S  > 

^  J*5 

"!  &  *> 

K  "-  ^ 

I  |1 

*  |8 

K  w 

t-J  *S   C 

X  i  J 

W  =c^= 

O  .bl 

r  O          * 

^  §1*1 


S    i-.g 

C  cjr 

fa      "s .?  t> 


o 
o 

o 

tfi 

«>! 
O 
O 


C     OS 


i-  -«  QJ     *"^ 

K  7§S^ 

oc  =g  £ 

pd  C     ^     c, 

"  1 1* 

fa  tt^^ 

O  OS    ^  v- 

•—  £  c 

IH  •£  ^   r- 

^^  c  c 

^  iii 


n 

OD  ^j,-^. 

(£  'c  "g  2 

ID  i  §  c 


— *•  W      — •      ,— 

I   -gjl 

a     "i--  * 

W          S.   ^   cfi 

r"        '2  «   * 
^  be 


> 
Q^=£ 


P»  "-    c    O 

rj  0)    S    S 

B  l-l 

cc  'C 
tj  ce   a> 


e 
SJJ 

' 


Si 

<w  : 


2^o 


5"    3 

3 


O,  o 
<r»- 

=  o 


3 
° 


111     S 


g 


^  3 

^  2 

'  "•  2 
«• 


* 


•  ^ 

=-3     si 


O    3    CD  -"* 

J7"*"  CQ 

~  "    3          p 

H-^     -i     fB  L_J 

S>  ^^ 


'*•* 


- 
3 


I 

^*    o 


CD 


O    rt- 

3  o 
II 

O  -3 
&^ 
f»  S" 


S 

Sc 


JS 
*-^    O 

i! 

B.M 


S 


I! 


^ 

SSfeaffilfel! 


•—en         os 
©    .      oo  -*J 

2-="E~ 

"^     ®      —     03 


0~  °-S 

=  t-  s  S 


"3*13 

~  te  to  >, 


« 
5SS.I 


? 


>   be 


y 

i? 


K 
H 


fe 

h^ 


-c 
c 


*  '> 

"o  '2 


O  —  .=  ' 
M     — ^H 


-      S     > 

m   o  J3 

•  —    o  ~s 
x  ">    ~    — 


S  •  a        B 

-t  _c  2  --M 


fe 

Ms  |.s 


j=  C-i 


l>66 


c  E-gjS 

I  o  .1   o  ~. 

^j  »t-     U     O 


c      — 
o  -  - 


•  ^     - 

«-  o   »        c 

3         o    n,  -J3 

o-g  g^s 

.2   S    on   tc 

•3  £  =  5 
^  a,  o  a 


"     jT« 


] 

J.    \  • 

'v 

p 


ts 
& 


W 
PQ 

V. 
H 
PN 
W 
co 


H 

y, 


•r; 
PS 

pi 

C 

P-f 


K 


K 


CO 


o 


- 

W 


Q 

S- 

g 


O 


H 
O 

-H 

F 


O 

g 


O 

> 


H 
H 

H 
H 


o 

b 
rt 


M 
G 


w 
3 

cc 
cc 

N 

§ 

§ 

W 


H 

w 


W 


o 

Q 
H 
O 

a 
rt 
ft) 


y;,.\        .>  «>-j  ^  yfff          i  ig    S*|*' 


260 


<i!ft\flBh  '••''' viPi'-il'iiWiIl'l 

;,S    >•!'.'        .//'  V:r    '''•::»« 


P.KS  S'B."  •• 

5  p  3 

^  I^»        M   rs 
&   6   ^  *i   ~ 


ST-VVt.iI* 


261 


GENEKAIj     ROBERT    H.    MILROY. 

General  Milroy,  born  in  Washington  County,  Inil.,  June  lltli,  1810, 
was  graduated  at,  Norwich  University,  Vt.,  in  1843,  and  served  in  the  .Mexi 
can  War  as  captain  in  tin;  First.  Indiana  Volunteers.  He  studied  law,  was 
admitted  to  the  i>;ir  in  1840,  and  in  1850  was  graduated  at  the  law  depart 
ment  of  Indiana  University.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  he  issued 
a  call  for  volunteers,  and  was  made  a  captain,  becoming  colonel  of  the 
Ninth  Indiana  Volunteers,  April  20th,  1801.  He  served  in  Western  Vir 
ginia  under  McClellan  and  Itosecrans,  receiving  a  commission  as  brigadier 
general  on  February  Oth.  ISO-?,  and  thereafter  continued  in  various  com 
mands  in  Virginia,  under  Fremont  and  Sigel,  until  March  llth,  1863,  when 
he  was  made  major  general  of  volunteers.  In  this  capacity  he  had  charge 
of  the  Second  Division  of  the  Eighth  Army  Corps,  and  was  stationed  at 
Winchester,  Ya.  Here,  on  June  15th,  1803,  he  was  attacked  by  nearly 
the  whole  of  Lee's  army,  which  was  marching  toward  Pennsylvania.  Gen 
eral  .Milroy  resisted  this  superior  force  for  three  days,  and  then  cut  his 
way  out  liv  night,  losing  a  large  portion  of  his  forces,  lie  resigned  from 
the  army  in  1805. 


GENERAL     HIRAM     G.    BERRY. 

General  Berry,  born  in  Thomaston  (now  Rockland),  Me.,  August 
27th,  1824.  died  at  Chancellorsville,  Va..  May  2d,  18G3.  He  originated  and 
commanded  for  several  years  the  Iloekland  Guard,  a  volunteer  company, 
which  attained  a  very  high  reputation  for  drill  and  discipline.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  Civil  War  he  entered  the  service  as  colonel  of  the  Fourth 
Maine  Infantry.  He  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Run  and  the  siege 
of  Yorktown,  was  made  a  brigadier  general,  April  4th,  1862,  and  was 
given  command  of  the  Third  Brigade  of  the  Third  Division  of  Heintzelman's 
Third  Army  Corps.  He  was  present  at  the  battles  of  Williamsburg  and 
Fair  Oaks,  bore  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  Seven  Days'  fight,  and  was  in 
the  second  Bull  Run  campaign  and  Chantilly.  In  January,  1803,  he 
was  nominated  by  the  President  as  major  general  of  volunteers,  with  rank 
dating  from  November  29th,  1802,  confirmed  by  the  Senate  on  March 
9th,  1803,  and  placed  in  command  of  the  Second  Division  of  the  Third 
Army  Corps,  succeeding  General  Sickles.  At  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville 
he  headed  one  of  his  brigades  in  several  successful  bayonet  charges,  and 
in  one  of  them  was  killed  by  a  shot  from  the  enemy. 


GENERAL    GEORGE    D.   BAYARD. 

General   Bayard,   born   in   Seneca  Falls,   N.  Y.,   December  18th,   1835, 

14th    1862,  was  graduated  from  the  United  States  Military 

He    was   assigned    to    the    First    Cavalry.     Four   years 

in   frontier   and  garrison  duty.     He  was  severely  wounded  in 

•i  ">         ith  tho  Kiowa  Ind.ans.     In  1861  he  was  cavalry  instructor  at  West 

omt   and   on    March   16th  of  that  year  was  promoted   to   first  lieutenant 

Cavalry  ;  captain,  Fourth  Cavalry,  August  20th  ;  and  was  granted 

leav  ,    of   absence    to    become    colonel   of   the    First    Pennsylvania   Cavalry 

unteers    September  14th,  1861.     He  became  brigadier  general  of  volun- 

B2,  and  served   in  the  arduous  campaigns  of  the  Shen- 

ah      Northern   Virginia,    and    on    the    Rappahannock,    distinguishing 

o  dash  and  bravery  of  his  reconnoissances.     He  was  mortally 

wounded  attredericksburg,  December  13th,   18C2,  and  died   the  following 

day.     He  was  buried  with  military  honors  at  Princeton,  N.  J. 


263 


GENERAL    CHRISTOPHER    C.   AUGUR. 

General  Augur,  born  in  New  York  in  1821,  was  graduated  from  the 
United  States  Military  Academy  in  1843.  During  the  Mexican  War  he 
served  as  aid-de-camp  to.  General  Hopping,  and  after  his  death  to  General 
Caleb  Gushing.  He  was  promoted  captain,  August  1st,  1852,  and  served 
with  distinction  in  a  campaign  against  the  Indians  in  Oregon  in  1856. 
On  May  14th,  1861,  he  was  appointed  major  in  the  Thirteenth  Infantry, 
and  was  for  a  time  commandant  of  cadets  at  West  Point.  In  November 
of  that  year  he  was  commissioned  a  brigadier  general  of  volunteers,  and 
joined  McDowell's  corps.  In  July.  1802.  he  was  assigned  to  a  division 
under  Banks,  and  In  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain  was  severely  wounded. 
He  was  promoted  major  general  of  volunteers,  August  9th,  1862,  and  in 
November  joined  his  corps  and  took  part  in  the  Louisiana  campaign. 
Me  was  brevetted  brigadier  general  in  the  United  States  Army,  March 
13th,  1865,  receiving  on  the  same  date  the  brevet  of  major  general  for 
services  in  the  field  during  the  rebellion. 


CONRAD'S    FERKY,   MD.,  ABOVE    HARRISON'S    ISLAND,  ON    THE    POTOMAC    KIVEB,  THE    PLACE    OF    PASSAGE    OF   COLONEL   BAKER'S 

REGIMENT,  OCTOBER    21si,  1861. 

Conrad's  Ferry  is  situated  on  the  Maryland  side  of  the  Upper  Potomac,  about  five  miles  above  Edward's  Perry.  It  was  in  possession  of  the  Federa 
troops.  It  commands  a  view  of  Harrison's  Island,  the  scene  of  so  much  disaster  at  the  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff,  and  is  immediately  opposite  to  Lecsbiirj 
Heights,  the  town  of  Leesburg  being  about  five  miles  from  the  Ferry,  on  the  south  side  of  the  Potomac. 


'FRESH    BREAD !"— IMPROMPTU    OVEN    BUILT    BY    THE    NINETEENTH    REGIMENT,   NEW    YORK    VOLUNTEERS,  IN    GENERAL    BANKS'S 

DIVISION,   WESTERN    MARYLAND. 

The  impromptu  oven  which  we  illustrate  testified  to  the  Federal  cleverness,  and  ministered  to  the  wants  of  the  brave  defenders  of  the  Union.  The 
regiment  undoubtedly  contained  men  whose  means  gave  them  every  epicurean  indulgence  ;  but  we  question  if  any  French  bread,  fresh  butter,  with  all 
the  appliances  of  Delmonico,  ever  tasted  so  sweet  as  the  newly  baked  bread  they  got  from  the  primit.ve  oven. 


268 


MA.TOR    GENERAL    BURNSIDE    ASSUMING    COMMAND    OF    THE 


just 


MY     OF     THE     POTOMAC— ISSUING     OltDEES     TO     HIS     STAFF. 


erel>v  assume  command  of  tlie   Army  of  the  Potomac.     Patriotism,  and  the  exercise  of  my  every  energy  in  the  direction  of  this  army,  aided  by  the  full  and 

e  bravery  of  the  old  Army  of  the  Potomac   in    the    Maryland    campaign,    and    fully    identified  with    them  in  their  feelings  of  respect  and  esteem  for  General' 

so  long  and   intimately  associated  with   me,   I  need  say  nothing  :    our  histories  are  identical.      With  diffidence  for  myself,  but  with  a  proud  confidence  in  the 

.il.     A.  K.  BruxwiDE,  Major  General  Commanding.''     Our  illustration   represents  the  general  issuing  orders  to  hi's  staff  immediately  after  assuming  command. 


™ 


v' 


M:KI;I:M>I.I:  or  FORT  MACON,  C.A..  AIM:IL  JC.TH,  m;-.>- EXTERIOR  ON  HIDE  FACING  THE  FEDERAL  BATTERIES,  SHOWING 

EFFECT  OF  SHOT  ON  THE  GLACIS  AND  WALLS. 


. 
• 


-?T*w.iT^7 ^v*7>,  r«-'-"fj.. 


BATTLE    OF    ANTIETAM,  MD.-BURNSLDE'S    DIVISION    CAERYINO    THE    BRIDGE    OVER    THE    ANTIETAM    CREEK    AND    STORMING    THE 
CONFEDERATE    POSITION,   AFTER    A    DESPERATE    CONFLICT    OF    FOUR    HOURS,  WEDNESDAY,  SEPTEMBER    ITni,   18(>2. 


On  the  left,  during  the  afternoon,  Burnside  carried  the  bridge,  after  an  obstinate  contest  of  four  hours'  duration  and  a  loss  of  about  five  hundred 
tilled  and  wounded.  Hawkins's  Zouaves  then  crossed,  and  finding  the  enemy  ready  drawn  up  under  cover  of  the  hills,  advanced  in  line  of  battle  on 
heir  new  position,  about  half  a  mile  distant.  The  ground  over  which  they  advanced  was  open  clover  and  plowed  fields,  the  latter  very  difficult 
UK!  fiitiguing  to  march  in,  owing  to  the  softness  of  the  ground.  The  enemy's  guns,  fourteen  in  number,  kept  up  a  terrible  fire  on  the  advancing 
line,  which  never  wavered,  but  slowly  toiled  along,  receiving  shelter,  however,  when  they  were  in  the  liollows.  They  were  halted  a  few  moments  to  rest 
ia  the  hollow  nearest  the  enemy's  position,  aud  then  were  ordered  to  cnarge  with  a  yell.  As  they  came  up  the  hill  in  front  of  the  enemy's  batteries 
:hey  received  a  heavy  volley  from  a  large  force  of  infantry  behind  a  stone  wall  about  two  hundred  feet  in  front  of  the  enemy's  batteries.  The  Federals, 


SUBltlSNUKH     01'     FOUT     MACON,    GA.,    Ai'lUL     2Gm,    isca-LOWEKINU     THE     COM'KUliKAIli     FLAG. 


KILLING'S    CAVE,   ON    THE    BANKS    OF    THE    POTOMAC.   NEAR    SHARPSBURC,   THE    PLACE    OF    REFUGE    OF    MANY    CITIZENS 

DURING     THE     BATTLE     OF     ANTIETAM. 


A  glance  at  the   map   of   the   battle  of  Antietamwi,.   enable  our  readers  to  V™^^  ^fbet  s^o 

the  conflict,  situated   us   it   was  almost   between  two    fires;   for.  however   anxious   the  Fedeial  -"were   congregated  men.  women  and  children,  all 

prevent  many  of  the  shot  and    shell    from    falling   into   its   midst.     In  the  cellar  o    the  K  ret/or  _  mai  «on  w«e   cor  ^S    ^  how  neftr 

spellbound  as  they  listened    to    the   terrible   thunder  of  the  battle.     They  could   tell  by  the  w  m  and  the  awful  «P°8I°"  n,     /  which     ave  them   a   dim 
to  them  was  the  work  o<  destruction;    and    their  terror  rose  to  perfect  agony  when  a  shell  exp  lode  I          ^k°?.eh°of  the  cave  of  refuse   near   Sharpsburg, 
liglit  and  was  the   chief  means   of  ventilation    in  this   chamber  of  horrors.     Of  a  similar  character  is  our 
a,nd  situated  ou  the  banks  of  the  Potomac. 


I 


o 

i 
B 

B 

a 

H 


H 
H 
7: 


H 

c5 


O 

h-  1 

H 


C 
t-~, 
H- 

M 

C 


H 

C 


ts 

E5 

O 
W 
B 


§ 
fr 
iz! 
O 
W 
B 


a 

o 


a* 
8 

rt- 

•     H3 

tr 
1-3* 


s  o 


o  - 
o  -. 


c»   QC 
C"  Ci 

a.  fc 


CO     — 

P    O 


_.  B 
O    a!' 


sr 


o  to        rs 


B 
n> 


c 

IK! 


ga 

^r 
c 
^ 

c 


CD 

5 
§ 


-•  tm  ':  *•  -^f- 


KUDEUAI*  BAGGAGE  TRAIN  ON  1TH  WAY  TO  THK  ARMY  AT  FALMOUTH,  VA,,  WKCEMBER,  ifif»2- 


REAK    ADMIRAL    SILAS    H.    STRINGHAM. 

Rear  Admiral  Stringbam,  born  in  Middletown,  Orange  County.  N.  T.f  November  7th    1798  ;  died  in  Brooklyn   M  ,  Y     tt 

he  Navy  as   a    .nidship.nan.  November    15th,  1809,  and    was   m    g^J^^f^  "g,*  VorthAife  Blockading  Fleet,  and  planned  the  expedition   to 
10ned   to  Washington  to  advise  upon  the  Prepara,K,11S  for^ya,      lie  took  ™™™£  bombarded    the  forts,  sailing  in    an  ellipse,  by  which  means  it  concen- 
--  '  '  '  .rrend.ed    «d  ttoo      werea  .gar, 


==' 


none 


TaJSt 


, 
.ere  K.     Bo        or,    .rrend.ed,  «d  t^tjoo^  were^a  .gar, 

*  «  P^ted  'to  i  adn-1  on  the  retired  .Ut, 


Jnlv   IGth.  1862. 


273 


I 


Q 

H 

a 
& 


f 

a 


32 


o 

W 
S 

2 

o 


O 


a  IH 
>§ 


t>  ,w 

i— t 

co 

o  3 


o  s 

>  ^ 

O!   H 


- 

li 


3  a 
•     r1 


co 

Q 
W 

O 


a 


a 
^ 


H 

a 
a 


w 


M 

W 

a 


O 


H 
O 


tr1 
O 


O 

CO 


M 

5 

H 


IPfl? '  1!  I 

S-.W;:'1  ,'..        HTll.l  "I! 


O 

I 

PS 


o  c r     vs  g 
£  c.-=  C"S 

^•M  Qj     ^    P 


o  E  ? 


20 


o    -3 
<:     "3 

KdD 
bjj 


c 
s 


K 

H 

- 
C 


I    b£  E  1=  00 


CC       r— ' 


I 


C       o  o 
ffi  —  fe-2 


W 
K 
H 

PJ 
O 


-0'  I  s  -  §  ^ 

O    '    g    C    „-& 

r=^;  0-^7:-^ 
—   o   C   cs   S.S 


c.  2 


H        Si 


^    C3  ._    C3 

C  OT  C 

O  .      r»>        ^      T 


W 
H 


*a  ^ —  ^2     O     ^^ 

02  ^  ^     ^"     ^- 


W 
O 

a: 

- 


«          ~'£-^ 


fe 

C 

W 

o 
X 

W 

s 

b 

I 

O 


tn 

H 


-<J          ._,     cS     -*     M 

53  d1  S  S'S 

r3   O   =3   C  r^   ^ 
o   s°         02  H— 

i  •— ;     CC  »M     -" 

>    53    •-  ^— '  C_, 


K 


I  e  §  ^  5. 

6*1*   VS 

S    O    to    «  •— '    S 


^Illl1 

"^    r-v      *"      ^  ^ 


C      5 


tn 

H 


I 


g-"^S|S 

°^  §^  |t- 

o  c  O  .1i  «"* 

•«  u3  01  *  "-S 

-  o  "^     "  °°  -u 

-£'  fe     -  c  <c  "^ 

.    ^     . .    r;      • 
C    O>    S?    ^  O2    O 

J  ^-=0  5  £ 
g  "o  s  "c  "R  a 

£*•&*•. —  . 
O 


:  "X  T3    a 


•nr- 


270 


g'S'S 

85  S^  S; 


"-«      *-w   i—  .  03 
,*-"•          O     ct- 

B.O  §  <*- 

—     "J     00 

«-••  O   •     in 


=-»=  «  =" 

° 


" 


•S 

S 


1/1       *- 

2  2.  »-*  1 


~23 

DO     "  ™  J2 

S"  O     ,_,     ^_, 

•-'  3  5  E. 


£  §^2. 

<   —   o 


a  °  ? 

;s    ^"  ^ 


^2 
^""^  S, 

—  ^ 

•^  P  ^ 

~  g; 


3  s 

E)3  ' 


B  S 


<6 

^s 


O 

a 


33  -  s 
3"  as 

£•«<  S- 


rr  o 

~ 


en    O    CD 

rt>  o>  o, 
o  •"* 

§§.? 

c 


GENERAL     IOI1X     RUFOUD. 

General  Buford,  born  in  Kentucky  in  1825,  died  in  Washington,  D.  C  , 
December  Kith,  1863,  was  graduated  at  the  United  States  Military  Acau- 
ninv  in  1848  ;  was  appointed  brevet  second  lieutenant  in  the  First  Dra 
goons,  and  served  on  the  plains  until  the  Civil  War  began.  He  was  made 
;i  major  in  the  inspector  general's  corps  on  November  12th,  1861. 
On  June  6th,  1862,  he  was  attached  to  the  staff  of  General  Pope  in  the 
Army  of  Virginia  ;  and  on  July  27th  he  was  made  a  brigadier  general, 
anil  assigned  to  the  command  of  a  brigade  of  cavalry  under  General 
Hooker  in  the  Northern  Virginia  campaign.  He  engaged  in  the  skirmish 
at  Madison  Courthouse  ;  the  passage  of  the  Rapidan  in  pursuit  of  Jnck- 
son's  force  ;  Kelly's  Ford,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  and  Manassas,  where  he  was 
wounded.  He  commanded  the  cavalry  division  of  the  Army  of  the  Poto 
mac  in  the  Pennsylvania  campaign,  and  at  Gettysburg  he  began  the  attack 
on  the  enemy  before  the  arrival  of  Reynolds,  on  July  1st,  1863.  His  last 
sickness  was  the  result  of  toil  and  exposure.  His  commission  as  major 
general  reached  him  on  the  day  of  his  death. 


GENERAL  GEORGE  W.  MORGAN. 

General  Morgan,  born  in  Washington  County,  Pa.,  September  20th, 
1820,  died  at  Old  Point  Comfort,  Va.,  July  26th,  1893.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  War  with  Mexico  he  was  made  colonel  of  the  Second  Ohio  Volun 
teers,  and  he  was  subsequently  appo-ntcd  colonel  of  the  Fifteenth  United 
States  Infantry,  which  he  led  with  ability  tinder  General  Scott,  receiving 
for  his  gallantry  at  Contreras  and  Churubusco,  where  he  was  severely 
wounded,  the  thanks  of  the  Ohio  Legislature  and  the  brevet  of  brigadier 
general.  Ou  November  21st,  1861,  he'  was  made  brigadier  general  of  vol 
unteers.  In  March,  1862,  he  assumed  the  command  of  the  Seventh  Divis 
ion  of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  with  which  he  was  ordered  to  occupy  Cum 
berland  Gap,  in  Southern  Kentucky,  then  held  bv  the  Confederates.  He 
forced  the  enemy  to  retire  on  Jmi^  18th,  1862.  He  also  served  in  the  Val 
ley  of  the  Kanawba  and  at  Vicksburgh,  and  was  afterward  assigned  to  the 
Thirteenth  Army  Corps,  and  commanded  at  the  capture  of  Fort  Hind- 
man,  A.lf-  Owing  to  failing  health  he  resigned  in  June,  1863, 


GENERAL     THOMAS     L.    ORITTENDEN. 

General  Crittenden,  born  in  Russellville,  Ky.,  Nay  loth,  1815,  studied 
law  under  his  father,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  became  Commonwealth's 
Attorney  in  Kentucky  in  1842.  He  served  in  the  Mexican  War  as  lieuten 
ant  colonel  of  Kentucky  infantry,  and  was  volunteer  aid  to  General  Taylor 
at  the  battle  of  Bnena  Vista.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  lie 
espoused  the  national  cause,  and  on  October  27th,  1861,  was  appointed 
brigadier  general  of  volunteers.  He  commanded  a  division  at  the  battle 
of  Shiloh,  and  was  promoted  major  general,  July  17th,  1862,  for  gallant 
service  on  that  occasion,  and  assigned  to  the  command  of  a  division  in 
the  Army  of  the  Tennessee.  He  served  under  Rosecrans  in  the  battle  of 
Stone  River,  and  at  Chickamauga  commanded  one  of  the  two  corps  that 
were  routed.  In  the  Virginia  campaign  of  18G4  he  commanded  a  division 
of  the  Ninth  Corps.  He  resigned  December  13th,  1864,  but  entered  the 
regular  army  as  colonel  of  the  Thirty-second  Infantry  on  July  28th,  1806. 
He  was  retired  on  May  19th,  1881. 


GENERAL    JOTW    G.    FOSTER. 

General  Foster,  born  in  Whitefield,  N.  II.,  May  27th,  1823,  died  in 
Nashua,  II.  IF.,  September  3d,  1874,  was  graduated  at  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  in  1846,  assigned  to  the  Engineer  Corps,  and  served  in 
the  Mexican  War  under  General  Scott.  He  received  the  brevets  of  first 
lieutenant  and  captain  for  gallantry.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War 
he  was  stationed  at  Charleston,  S.  C.,  and  safely  removed  the  garrison  of 
Port  Moultrie  to  Fort  Sumter  during  the  night,  December  26th-27th,  1860. 
He  was  made  brigadier  general  of  volunteers  October  23d,  1861,  com 
manded  a  brigade  in  Burnside's  North  Carolina  expedition,  and  received 
the  brevet  of  lieutenant  colonel  for  his  services  at  Roanoke  Island.  While 
in  command  of  the  Department  of  North  Carolina,  in  1862— '3,  he  con 
ducted  several  important  expeditions.  In  1865  he  was  brevetted  brigadier 
general  in  the  regular  army  for  gallant  services  in  the  capture  of  Savan 
nah,  Ga.,  and  major  general  for  services  in  the  field  during  the  rebellion. 


278 


RECONNOISSANCE    BY    COLONEL    MAX    WEBER'S    TURNER    RIFLES    IN    THE    VICINITY    OF    NEWMARKET    BRIDGE,   ON    THE    ROAD 

TO    YORKTOWN,   VA. 


FEDERAL    ARTILLERY    TAKING    UP    POSITION    AT    THE    BATTLE    OF    SOUTH    MOUNTAIN. 

The  Federal  movement  was  admirably  executed  in  face  of  the  well-directed  fire  from  the  Confederates,  who  had  the  advantage  of  position  and  could 
contest  almost  every  inch  of  the  steep,  wooded  and  rocky  approach.  By  four  o'clock  (September  14th,  1862)  the  engagement  became  general,  and  the  en 
tire  ground  was  vigorously  contested  until  the  crest  was  reached  and  darkness  put  an  end  to  the  fight.  In  this  engagement  the  total  loss  on  both  sides 
in  killed,  wounded  and  missing  was  nearly  3,000.  General  Jesse  L.  Reno  was  killed  while  at  the  head  of  his  command,  and  was  replaced  by  General 
i,ox,  General  Hatch  and  Colonel  Wainwright  being  severely  wounded. 


279 


THE    FORLOKN     HOPE  "- VOLUNTEER    STORMING    PAltTY,   CONSISTING    OF    PORTIONS 


THE    SEVENTH    MICHIGAN    AND    NINETEEN! 
WHO    WERE    FIRING    UPOX    THE    FEDE] 


wo 


H  ,  -MK,  1  ?  on    1  I      ?™  nu1mcr°118   acts   ot 
*,    •   for  w»r  yolnnteers  to  cros  ,  ayones  pon,      e  conceae     surpeooters.  ousai.is  sprang    orwar,     u     ony 

the  boats,  and,  ,,n  n.u'hing  the  other  side,  drove  the  Confederates  from  their  posts  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet,  capturing  31 


H  ,  -MK,  1     on    1  ™       1118   acts   ot  Baring  which    have   raised    the   character  of  the    Federal  soldier  to  the  highest  position  in  the  military 

olnnteers  to  cross  and  dislodge,  at  the  bayonet's  point,  the  concealed  shurpehooters.     Thousai.ils  sprang  forward,  but  only  tl 

' 


IASSACHUSETTS,  CKOSSING  THE  RAPPAHANNOCK  ix  ADVANCE  OF  THE  GRAND  ARMY,  TO 
PONTONIERS,  WEDNESDAY,  DECEMBER   10™,  1862. 


1  THE  CONFEDERATE 


rWhen  the  fire  of  the  enemy  from  the  rifle  pits  on  the  south  side  of  the  Rappahannook  became  so  deadly  that  the  pontoniers  could    not    mrrv  o  i    thpir  v 
Jtnber  required  was  chosen.     These  consisted  of  men  from  the  Seventh  Michigan  and  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  Regiments.     With  the  utmost  ;ihcritv  thi  i  «d" 
Dnly  one  man  was  killed  and  five  wounded  in  this  desperate  duty.     The  bridge  was  soon  finished,  and  a  sufficient  force  passed  over  to  hold  the  ' 


:A::Y~:"->':'  ,.,.,^, 


NAVAL     ACTION     BETWEEN     THE     UNITED     STATES    WAR     STEAMER    "  MISSISSIPPI  "   AND     THE     CONFEDERATE     IRON-CASED     FLOATING 
BATTERY  RAM    AND    OTHER    STEAMERS,   OFF    THE    MOUTH    OF    THE    PASS    A    L'OUTRE,   NEW    ORLEANS,   JANUARY    Isi,   18C2. 


BIRD'S-EYE    VIEW    OF    THE    BURNING    OF    A    CONFEDERATE    SCHOONER    IN    QUANTICO    OR    DUMFRIES    CREEK,    POTOMAC    RIVER,   ON 
THE    NIGHT    OF    OCTOBER    HTH,   1861,   BY    LIEUTENANT    A.    D.    HARRELL    AND    A    DETACHMENT    FROM    THE    POTOMAC    FLOTILLA, 

On  the  lOtli  of  October,  1861,  Lieutenant  Harrell,  commanding  the  steamer  Union,  of  the  Potomac  Flotilla,  stationed  at  the  mouth  of  Aquia  Creek, 
learning  that  the  Confederates  had  fitted  out  a  large  schooner  in  Quantico  or  Dumfries  Creek,  and  had  collected  a  considerable  body  of  troops  there, 
with  the  intention  of  crossing  the  Potomac,  determined  that  the  vessel  should  be  destroyed.  He  accordingly  organized  an  expedition,  and  with  one  boat 
and  two  launches  entered  the  mouth  of  the  creek  about  half-past  two  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  llth.  The  schooner  was  discovered  some  distance 
up,  in  charge  cf  a  single  sentry,  who  fled  and  gave  the  alarm.  She  was  immediately  boarded  and  set  on  fire  ;  and  when  her  destruction  was  rendered  cer 
tain  Lieutenant  Harrell's  men  returned  to  their  boats  and  pulled  again  for  the  steamer.  Their  position  was  fully  revealed  by  the  light  of  the  burning 
schooner,  and  they  were  fired  upon  continuously  from  both  banks  of  the  narrow  stream ;  but  not  one  of  them  was  injured,  though  their  clothing  in  many 
instances  was  perforated  with  bullets.  The  success  of  the  enterprise  was  complete. 


ENCAMPMENT    OF    COLONEL    MAX    WEBER'S    GEEMAN    TURNER    RIFLE    REGIMENT,   TWENTIETH    NEW    YORK    VOLUNTEERS,   AT 
HAMPTON     CREEK,    VA.— OFFICERS'    QUARTERS    AT     THE     SUMMER     RESIDENCE     OF     EX-PRESIDENT     TYLER. 


THOROUGHFARE    GAP,   VA.,  A    PASS    IN    THE    MOUNTAINS    ON    THE    MANASSAS    GAP    RAILROAD,   NEAR    STRASBURG, 

HELD    BY    GENERAL    GEARY. 

This  famous  natural  break  in  that  part  of  the  mountain  ridge  called  Bull  Eun  Mountain  is  about  nine  miles  northeast  of  Warrenton,  forty-sever 
miles  southwest  of  Washington,  and  one  hundred  and  twenty-four  miles  from  Richmond.  The  western  side  is  of  granite,  covered  with  soil,  on  which  trees 
grow  up  to  the  summit.  On  the  east  side  is  the  Gap,  which  has  been  called  the  Virginia  Thermopylae,  since  a  few  determined  men  might  hold  it  against 
thousands.  This  splendid  defense  caught  the  eye  of  General  Geary,  and  had  there  been  a  necessity  to  act  on  the  defensive  he  had  resolved  there  to  maku 
his  stand.  The  rocks  lie  scattered  around  in  such  wild  confusion  as  to  suggest  the  idea  of  being  the  result  of  some  convulsion  of  nature.  Near  the  Gap 
is  a  spring,  issuing  from  under  an  immense  rock,  of  the  purest  and  coldest  water,  which  is  neither  increased  nor  diminished  in  any  season.  It  stands  on 
the  roadside,  and  is  called  by  travelers  'The  Diamond  Spring  in  Palestine." 


283 


i 

.-^C-?^':'V^,     i  r 

-  *»^-     — **=*    ' 


••     & 

,f^ 


Ek'MMWl 


«»  Bg 


—  ^ 


284 


285 


O  (J?i  *rt    CT*  S"  ^^ 

*  s  §•»  S  g 

ESif!?? 

I  §  s- ~g- V* 


£.  33  - 


»J5    ST*  S    f*    S    »*  M 

;j     p     ^3     «J     PJ  "-> 

e  T  a  a  _.   •*•  p 


B  B  3  ?P 

3«  5*-*     cr1  ^ 

3  55  oo  S  cr  c  k. 

il^-i2-! 

ro  ^      co    3    c*-  ^  <•* 


cc  ^  ^  M 

Ctt  ^-<*     ^  P 

L_I  O>  ~    "-1  ec- 

H-1  ^  '  p, 

«  o  3  i— •  ra  a> 


K 


&' 


"     " 


§ 


Z 


2  S^  Si  o* »  -^      td 

o,  5-  S  2.  S  2       ^ 


<»«-»»  g 

I     Ml  3J     ft  t> 

g'^"^  » 

"<  -d  P  2  ^  M* 

infill  P 

P   O         oo   B  O  t> 


- 


O 


ftl  ^3  3  g  " 

3'  n"  -•  °  a. 

^  3  CB  <*  "3  to 

S^l^a-  § 


.  si 


H-          M,rr"    S 

o  3  2  5-5  o 

i-f>  O    O    ^   V^    l~t* 


a 

I 


aSi-S-lS. 


3   ftO-g 


tr* 

CO 

I 
g 

H 

CO 


S!B.Oi 


i_(0  ™  3  p  S 

So      ^   , i  P      *1      ^ 

III  II 1 


o    ' 

a  p 


B    _    0 


S  e.51  a 


RI^I! 

We-S  S  a'i" 


287 


2S8 


s's 

' 


O 

2.  ~ 


£  2-" 

—  p  t-> 
'—5  oo 

H^      O      05 


.- 

S-g-0 


ll' 

OQ    S- 


3 

3 


a 
o 


3  P  - 


3    °    * 
P 


p^ 

^  re* 
en 

tb_ 
Ml 
s  a- 


?s 

re  <t> 


re  t» 

3.S 


cr  ro 

re  2 

CO     ^* 

S  P 

^2* 

re  Ctq 

re   3 
Oq 

re  ^^ 
re  £ 

S4 


2  2 

00      QD 

"    £T. 
5' 


389 


a: 

PH 

K 


K 


e 


a 
35 

a 


<, 

^s 
w 

h 


H 
W 


H) 

-<5 

K 


K 
K 
O 


VflO 


'r 


•dS 

J* 
'H.'S 
'»•£ 

.22  § 

'C  Q 

^    l 

£•= 
£  •" 


,0^3 

si 

-£«: 
o 
-"  >-. 

£^ 

|w 


•J3  o> 
«4  C 
N  O 

•SO 

05 

bo 

o  *  >> 
T  -id 

.t-s  § 

0)    «.  J3 

«    O    g 


3  t-c: 
•3  tn «, 

i^'l 

^^5 


r«  SF 

ll'S 
Ego 


O    =5 
-u  *-    s 

_=  „.  a 

"53 

*  '^  « 

1  §0 

^'£     r. 

^l 

c  >.^ 

?  2  be 

"~^n  c 

o>  .  'S 

t-~     >-.  CC 

«  •"  o 
is '5  g 

3T'-=  £ 
*.g  « 


t-s 

^  c 


-    a    c 

C    c    (> 

c'5_ 

1*1 

o    -^: 

i'l* 

o  a  g 

•^'5-r 


«f  O    Jr 

rt!C£ 

prr  a. 
P'ES 

S°-§ 

«  s'aS 
Is  2^ 

S  •« 
.5   rt   t. 

•S.S  a 

0  £o 
j-^>  t. 

|l| 

-  o! 

C3  ^     O) 

;*   aj  ^^ 
n 

CO     CO     bC 

2  £.£ 

-  c,  E 

-  K    « 

•£  wo 

'E    "  TS 

iSS 

&•>"",- 

-D          o 

a;:! 

r-J     =8 

•35  » 

t.  •—    o! 

01  c  fe 
B  B 

**i 

•4-1   J3      " 

O  -"      ^ 

GO 

^^      & 

«  3  2 
S  ,-" 

=  S.2 

sis 

I.P 

a  oo  rs 
a  «5 
>,^  2 

3  <-  C 

S^- 
231 

?     03     S 

ss: 


3 


h 


*  s 

a  »  * 

385- 

.-2?ll 

E-'.S  £ 
a)  c 

SI 


o 


s 


o  o 


a  g 

M  H 

H  ^, 

*§ 

Q 

§1 


K    H 

K   O 

2g 

^^ 


§  31 
s'  S- 

?  oS 

3.    X 


P 

I! 


„ 

i  8 


C   f 

M    " 

H§ 

a 

K  H 
tq 

O   H 

O 


a 


GENERAL     KIAVAHP     ().    C.    OKI). 

General  Onl.  horn  in  Cumberland,  M<1..  October  18th,  1818,  died  in  Havana.  Cnha,  July  22d,  1883,  was  graduated  from  tlie  United  States  military 
Academy  in  18:59,  and  assigned  to  the  Third  Artillery.  Ho  served  with  distinction  in  the  Florida  and  Mexican  Wars  and  during  the  War  for  the  Union. 
The  battle  of  Dranesville,  in  18(11,  was  won  under  his  leadership,  and  he  was  severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of  llatchie  and  at  the  assault  on  Fort  Har 
rison.  Having  been  .several  times  promoted  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct,  he  became  commander  of  the  Department  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina 
in  1865,  and  led  the  Army  of  the  James  in  the  victorious  engagements  that  ended  the  war.  In  March,  1805,  he  received  the  brevet  of  major  ;'"meral  in 
the  regular  army,  and  he  subsequently  held  successive  command  of  the  Departments  of  Arkansas,  California,  Texas  and  the  Platte. 


GENERAL  FRANCIS  C.  BARLOW. 

General  Barlow,  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  October  19th,  1834,  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1855.  In  18C1  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the 
Twelfth  Regiment,  New  York  State  National  Guard,  and  went  to  the 
front  on  the  first  call  for  troops  to  defend  the  capital.  At  the  end  of 
the  three  months'  term  of  service  he  had  been  promoted  lieutenant.  He 
at  once  re-entered  the  service  as  lieutenant  colonel  of  the  Sixty-first  New 
York  Volunteers,  was  f  romoted  colonel  during  the  siege  of  York-town,  and 
distinguished  himself  at  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  May  31st  and  June 
1st,  1862,  for  which  he  was  afterward  promoted  brigadier  general.  At  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg  he  was  severely  wounded  and  taken  prisoner;  but 
he  was  exchanged,  and  recovered  in  time  to  take  the  field  again  the  fol 
lowing  spring.  He  also  participated  in  the  final  campaigns  of  the  Potomac 
Army  under  General  Grant. 


GENERAL  GEORGE  H.  SHARPE 

General  Sharpe,  born  in  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  February  26th,  1828,  was 
graduated  at  Ilutgers  in  1847;  studied  law  at  Yale  College;  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1854,  and  practiced  until  he  entered  the  army  in  18C1  as 
captain  in  the  Twentieth  New  York  Infantry.  He  became  colonel  of  the 
One  Hundred  and  Twentieth  New  York  Infantry  in  18C2,  and  took  part 
in  all  the  battles  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  served  upon  the  staffs 
of  Generals  Hooker,  Meade  and  Grant,  and  was  brevetted  brigadier  gen 
eral  in  18C4  and  major  general  in  1865.  He  was  attached  to  the  United 
States  Legation  at  Vienna  in  1851,  and  was  a  special  agent  of  the  State 
Department  in  Europe  in  1867.  In  1870-'73  he  was  United  States  Mar 
shal  for  the  Southern  District  of  New  York,  and  took  the  census  thai 
demonstrated  the  great  election  frauds  of  1868  in  New  York  city,  which 
led  to  the  enforcement  of  the  Federal  election  laws  for  the  first  time  in  1871. 


BATTLE    OF    ANTIETAM— THE     OPENING    OF    THE    FIGHT— HOOKER'S    DIVISION    FORDING    THE    GREAT    ANTIETAM    CREEK    TO    ATTACK 
THE    CONFEDERATE    ARMY    UNDER    GENERAL    LEE,    TEN    O'CLOCK    A.  M.,   SEPTEMBER    17m,    18G2. 


v. 


CONFEDERATE  CAVALRY  DRIVING  STRAGGLERS  AND  SKULKERS  BACK  TO  THEIR  DUTY  AT  THE  BATTLE  OF  ANTIETAM. 

One  of  the  greatest  evils  in  a  volunteer  army  is  the  practice  of  straggling.  This  decreases  under  the  elevating  process  of  discipline  ;  but  all  our 
artists  agree  in  declaring  that  they  have  seen  nearly  one-fourth  of  a  regiment,  including  officers,  dropping  off  one  by  one  at  convenient  opportunities. 
In  some  cases  this  may  have  proceeded  from  sheer  exhaustion,  but  generally  it  was  for  the  purpose  of  cooking  their  rations,  taking  a  nap,  or  for  shirking  a 
battle.  Federal  discipline  was  very  lax  in  this  respect,  and  more  stringent  regulations  were  imperatively  demanded.  The  Confederate  generals,  whom  no 
consi  leration  of  humanity  ever  restrained  from  making  the  most  cruel  examples,  treated  stragglers  without  mercy,  and  hundreds  of  these  miserable  men 
were  cut  down  or  shot  by  their  own  officers  in  their  attempts  to  evade  the  stern  necessity  of  battle.  The  result  was  that  the  Confederate  troops  very 
often  fought  with  a  desperation  unknown  in  modern  warfare.  Our  artist,  who  from  a  hill  at  Antietam  had  a  capital  view  of  the  field  of  battle,  saw 
many  instances  in  which  some  mounted  Confederate  officers  rode  amid  a  body  of  stragglers  and  drove  them  back  into  the  conflict.  Our  sketch  illustrates 
this  peculiar  mode  of  Southern  drilling. 


.'^  .  .        :  •  • 


a 
tftalLdi 


L  B      ./'(    . .T0B.      J i -      * 

,        ^;  •• 

• 


fe 

i  $  im  * 


BOMBARDMENT    OF    FKEDEBICKSBURG,   VA.,  BY    THE    ARMY    OF    THE    POTO 

tire    of   all    your   guns  on  the  city  and    b; 
few  moments  these  thirty-five  batteries 
of  course,  terrific,  and,  regarded    men 


Our  correspondent,*  repo;t  of  this  event:    "At  ten  o'clock  General  Bnrnside  gives  the  order,   'Concentrate    the    fire 
ght  centre,  e  even  batteries;  Colonel  Tyler,  left  centre,  seven  batteries;  Captain  L>e  Hussy,  left,  nine  batteries.     In  a 

I  by  the    bend  of  the  river  and  land  opposite  Fredericksburg,  opened  on  the  doomed  city.     The  effect  was,  „. ,   — _,  .~0 

the  very  loudest  thunder    peals.     It  lasted  thus  for  upward  of  an    hour,   fifty  rounds  being  fired    from  each    gun,  and  I  know  not  how  many 

though  a  great  deal  could    be    heard,  nothing  could  be  seen,  the  city  being  still  enveloped    in  fog   and  mist.     Only  a  denser  pillar  of  stn 

(gently  saw  that  at  least  a   dozen  houses  must  be  on  fire.     Toward  noon  the  curtain  rolled  up,  and  we  saw  that  it  was  indeed  so.     Fredericksburg  was  in   c 

uud   by  our  gunners  almost  impossible  to  obtain  a  sufficient  depression  of  their  pieces  to  shell  the  front  part  of  the  city,  and  the  Confederate  sharpshoo 


,  COMMANDED    BY    GENERAL    BUKNSIDE,   THURSDAY,   DECEMBEK    HTH,   1862. 

it  down  !'  You  may  believe  they  were  not  loath  to  obey.  The  artillery  of  the  right — eignt  batteries — was  commanded  oy  Colonel  Hays;  Colonel  Tompkins, 
ling  a  total  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-nine  guns,  ranging  from  10-pounder  Parrotts  to  44-inch  siege  guns,  posted  along  the  convex  side  of  the  arc  of  the 
j  a  phenomenon,  was  among  the  most  awfully  grand  conceivable.  Perhaps  what  will  give  you  the  liveliest  idea  of  its  effect  is  a  succession,  absolutely  without 
red  tons  of  iron  were  thrown  into  the  town.  The  congregated  generals  were  transfixed  ;  mingled  satisfaction  and  awe  was  upon  every  face.  But  what  was 
defining  itself  on  the  background  of  the  fog  indicated  where  the  town  had  been  fired  by  our  shells.  Another  and  another  column  showed  itself,  and  we 
gration.  Tremendous  though  this  firing  had  been,  and  terrific  though  its  effect  obviously  was  on  the  town,  it  had  not  accomplished  the  object  intended.  1* 
were  still  comparatively  safe  behind  the  thick  stone  walls  of  the  houses." 

97 


LAND     PRACTICE     OF     SAILORS     WITH     THE     UAHLGREN     HOWITZER     BOAT     GUN— SPONGING     OUT     THE     GUN. 


ARTILLERY    PRACTICE    WITH    THf.     DAHLGREX    HOWITZER     I5OAT    GUN— LOADING. 


c    i 

«^^>^--g*j 


ARTILLERY    PRACTICE    WITH    THE    DAHLOREN    HOWITZER    BOAT    GUN -OFFICER    GIVING    THE    AVORD    OF    COMMAND    TO    FIRE. 

298 


"THE    PIRATE'S    DECOY  "—CAPTAIN    SEMMES,    OF    THE    CONFEDERATE    PRIVATEEK    "ALABAMA,"  DECOYING    SHIPS    TOWARD    HIM 

BY     BURNING     A     PRIZE     VESSEL. 

The  plan  that  Captain  Semmes  adopted  to  bring  fish  to  his  net  was  as  follows  :  Whenever  he  captured  a  ship,  after  taking  from  her  all  that  he  and 
his  officers  wanted,  he  lay  by  her  until  dark,  and  then  set  her  on  fire.  The  light  of  the  burning  ship  could  be  seen  many  miles,  and  every  other 
ship  within  seeing  distance  st'ood  toward  the  light,  thinking  to  rescue  a  number  of  poor  fellows  from  destruction.  The  pirate  kept  in  the  immediate 
vicinity,  awaiting  the  prey  that  was  sure  to  come,  and  the  next  morning  the  poor  fellows  who  to  serve  the  cause  of  humanity  had  gone  many  miles 
out  of 'their  course  found  themselves  under  the  guns  of  the  Alabama,  with  the  certainty  that  before  another  twenty-four  hours  they  would  share  the 


fate  of  the  ship  they  went  to  serve. 


THE    "QUAKER    CITY,"  ONE    OF    THE    POTOMAC    FLOTILLA,   ENGAGING    CONFEDERATE    DRAGOONS    IN    LYNN    HAVEN    BAY, 

NEAR    CAPE    HENRY    VA. 


The 


Quaker  City,  Commander  Carr,  one  of  the  United  States  Flotilla  of  the  Potomac,  while  cruising  in  Lynn  Haven  Bay,  near  Cape  Henry,  picked 
up  a  man  named  Lynch,  a  refugee  from  Norfolk,  who  represented  that  the  master  plumber  of  the  Norfolk  Navy  Yard  was  ashore  and  wished  to  be 
taken  off.  An  armed  boat  which  was  sent  for  the  purpose  was  fired  upon  when  near  the  shore,  mortally  wounding  James  Lloyd,  a  seaman  of  Charle* 
town.  Mass.  A  few  32-pound  shells  dispersed  the  Confederates. 

SM 


02 


K* 
I— I 

3 

^ 
P 

d 


O 
H 
O2 

a 


ft, 

O 

K 

1 


w 
w 


'  K1-  Ha 

•    -      '- 


«%  iPn« 

ii  1 1 


300 


13  =3 


i.4       °0       0) 

3 


CO 

O 
EH 

3 

K 

fa 


K 

EH 


C 


08  <U 

DO  CO 
3 

O  !- 

!U  C 

a  o 
a 


. 


M  JS     t£ 


H         1 

•< 


* 


S  s?  3 


g. 


P 

w 


W 
H 


K 
K 


O 
of 

jzf 

O 

g 

K 


K 
O 


•^     .  e« 

00 

CD  T3  rQ 

~     C     OJ 
*"    C3-C 


9 


c.2 

' 


=5    ^fcC 

all 


o 

O 


1 

W 


K 
W 
H 

fa 
O 


o 
o 


--  g 

eo    ;£ 

" 


III 

CO  ^ 
Q>    P 

5  "I 

C..2  aj 

-'5^ 

a^  ° 

•— i    -.    0) 


in 


K 
O 


W 

m 

H 


W)  £  -S 


OS    W    ffi 

rr    C  -S 


4)    ™ 

rQ  , 

E  0  b  £/ 
S  --00  ^ 

!§•§  I 


.     o 

' 


C 

O 


_r-      O  — 

* 


cr 

s* 

o  C 


cr 

=r 


:«  g 


P     O 

w 


o  o        £ 
3  sr      H 


w 


S§      | 


o-crq         §> 
3  s 


M 


§ 

3 


a 


•&       O 
'—       X 


w 


1'W  S 

»_  cr  O 

—  .£-  ~ 

Ff  s 


S 


rt 


.»  2.          Q 

l?          1 


B   ' 
&•  . 


<W 

s  o 

a  to 

«  •» 

2. 


S." 

o 
3  § 

-- 


1  *  ' 


31)3 


GENERAL  CHESTER  A.  ARTHUR. 

General  Arthur,  twenty-first  President  of  the  United  States,  was  born  in  Fail-field,  Franklin  County,  Vt.,  October  5th,  1830  ;  died  in  New  York  city, 
November  18th,  1880.  In  1841  he  entered  the  law  office  of  Erastus  D.  Culver  as  a  student,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  during  the  same  year,  and  at  once 
became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Culver,  Parker  &  Arthur.  On  January  1st,  1861,  Governor  Morgan,  who  on  that  date  entered  upon  his  second  term, 
and  between  whom  and  Mr.  Arthur  a  warm  friendship  had  grown  up,  appointed  him  on  his  staff  as  engineer  in  chief,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier  general. 
In  April,  18C1,  his  active  services  were  required  by  Governor  Morgan,  and  he  became  acting  quartermaster  general,  and  as  such  began  in  New  York  city 
the  work  of  preparing  and  forwarding  the  State's  quota  of  troops.  On  February  10th,  1862,  he  was  appointed  inspector  general,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier 
general,  and  in  May  he  inspected  the  New  York  troops  at  Fredericksburg  and  on  the  Chickahorniny.  In  June,  1862,  Governor  Morgan  ordered  his  return 
from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  he  acted  as  secretary  of  the  meeting  of  the  governors  of  the  loyal  States  which  was  held  at  the  Astor  House,  New 
^  ork  city,  June  28th.  The  governors  advised  President  Lincoln  to  call  for  more  troops  ;  and  on  July  1st  he  called  for  300,000  volunteers.  At  Gov 
ernor  Morgan's  request  General  Arthur  resumed  his  former  work,  resigned  as  inspector  general,  and  Jnly  10th,  was  appointed  quartermaster  general, 
lie  went  out  of  office  on  December  31st,  1862,  when  Horatio  Seymour  succeeded  Governor  Morgan.  General  Arthur  was  elected  Vice  President  of  the 
United  States,  and  took  the  oath  of  office  March  4th,  1881.  President  Garfield  died  September  19th.  His  cabinet  announced  his  death  to  the  Vice 
President,  then  in  New  York,  and  at  their  suggestion  he  took  the  oath  as  President  on  the  20th,  at  his  residence,  123  Lexington  Avenue,  before  Judge 
John  R.  Brady,  of  the  New  York  Supreme  Court.  On  the  22d  the  oath  was  formally  administered  again  in  the  Vice  President's  room  in  the  Cap'tol 
Washington,  by  Chief  Justice  Waite. 


GENERAL    JOSEPH     HOOKER. 

General  Hooker,  born  in  Iladley,  Mass.,  November  13th,  1814,  died  in  Garden  City,  N.  Y.,  October  31st,  1879,  was  graduated  from  the  United  State 
Militarv  Academy  in  1837.  and  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  First  Artillery,  serving  in  the  Florida  and  Mexican  wars  with  distinction.  He 
resigned  from  the  a.-rny,  February  21st,  1853,  and  from  that  time  until  1801  lived  a  precarious  and  not  very  successful  life.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
Civil  War  hu  promptly  offered  his  services,  which  the  government  made  haste  to  accept,  and  he  was  appointed  a  brigadier  general  of  volunteers,  May  17th, 
1861.  He  saw  the  battle  of  Bull  Run  without  participating  in  it.  He  was  employed  in  the  defenses  of  Washington,  August  12th,  1861,  and  then  oil 
the  eastern  shore  of  the  Lower  Potomac  ;  and  was  appointed,  in  April,  1802,  to  the  command  of  the  Second  Division  in  the  Third  Corps,  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  under  Meintzelman,  and  fought  in  that  capacity  during  the  Peninsular  campaign.  He  was  distinguished  at  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  and  was 
appointed  a  major  general  of  volunteers  on  the  day  after  the  evacuation,  May  5th.  In  the  battle  of  Williamsburg  his  single  division  held  the  whole  Con- 
fuiierate  army  in  check  and  lost  2,228  men,  killed  or  wounded,  while  30,000  national  troops  looked  on  and  gave  no  assistance  until,  when  all  his  men 
hud  been  engaged  and  he  was  obliged  to  retire,  Kearny  and  Hancock  came  to  his  relief.  He  was  also  distinguished  at  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  Frazier\ 
Farm.  Glendale  and  Malvern  Hill.  At  the  close  of  the  campaign  Hooker  was  employed,  still  as  a  division  commander,  in  the  new  movement  under 
General  Pope  against  Leo's  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  and  fought  with  skill  and  valor  at  Bristoe  Station,  Manassas  and  Chantilly,  where  he  held  the 
enemy  in  check  with  the  gallant  Kearny,  who  was  killed  there.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  Maryland  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of 
South  Mountain,  September  14th,  1802,  where  he  carried  the  mountain  side  on  the  right  of  Turner's  Gap.  At  the  battle  of  Antietam,  September  17th, 
he  again  did  more  than  his  share  of  the  lighting.  He  was  shot  through  the  foot  and  carried  from  the  field.  His  wound  only  kept  him  out  of  the  field 
until  November  10th,  when  he  rejoined  the  army  for  the  campaign  on  the.  Rappahannoek,  with  Fredericksburg  as  the  objective  point.  He  was  appointed 
to  the  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  January  25th,  1803,  and  reorganized  it.  Perceiving  the  inferiority  of  his  army,  Hooker  demanded  that  the 
11,000  troops  under  French  at  Harper's  Ferry  should  be  added  to  his  force.  This  was  refused,  and  for  this  reason  ostensibly  Hooker  sent  in  his  resig 
nation  of  the  command.  The  President  issued  an  order,  under  date  of  June  27th,  1803,  relieving  General  Hooker,  and  conferring  the  command  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  upon  General  Meade,  who  conducted  it  to  Gettysburg.  On  September  24th  Hooker  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Twentieth 
Army  Corps.  With  these  troops  he  was  sent  to  the  South  for  the  relief  of  Chattanooga,  first  under  Rosecrans  and  afterward  under  Giant.  He  distin 
guished  himself  at  Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge.  When  Sherman  organized  his  army  for  the  invasion  of  Georgia  Hooker  was  retained  in 
command  of  the  Twentieth  Corps,  and  gained  new  laurels  at  Mill  Creek  Gap,  Resaca,  Dallas  and  Pine  Mountain.  He  was  relieved  of  his  command  at 
his  own  request,  July  30th,  1864.  For  the  part  lie  took  in  the  movements  under  Grant  and  Sherman  he  was  brevetted  a  major  general  in  the  regular 
army  under  date  of  March  13th,  1865.  He  was  at  his  own  request  placed  on  the  retired  list,  October  15th,  1868,  with  the  full  rank  of  a  major  general. 


305 


o 

Cl 

« 

'-'. 

1 


M 

•  IV '  1 


K 


ft 

— 


r^:  i-lC£> 

3r-*tf   ^^, 

>r  r  1 1^.^:  '^*ita^ 


'X 

c* 


x 
x 


o 


05 
H 

a 


33 

I 
•3) 

X 


Q 

HH 

o 
Sj 


H 
35 


X 

^ 


co 


307 


g 


H 

M 
O 


- 
O 


H 
^ 
ft 
M 


O 


w 

w 

H 


w 


O 
K 
cc 


w 

H 

S>3 


w 

H 


ffi 


308 


CD 


O    3 
C^O 

O  • 


p  5-  M 

^.5=  W 

CD     ^  >> 

^  S.  -° 

O 

»-».  P  O3 

§P  P 

a  i. 


CD     "  H 

~        W 


"2        w 
£-•         * 


—  2 
5  S- 

crw. 
s=  o 

e-t"   £2 
^  T 

ft)     __^ 

o  5 

h-te  — 

C— |  P- 
j;    "-i 

s  E. 

CD 


CD 

s  If 


SB 


fl 


I 


309 


GKNKIt.U,     <;<>!  YEIINT.I  II 


WAllllKN. 


General  \\arren.  born  in  Cold  Spring.  N.  Y. .  January  Mb.  l*3n.  died  in  Newport.  K.  I..  August  Sth.  18*2.  was  graduated  from  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  in  1  s;,u.  and  assigned  to  the  Topographical  Fugineers  as  brevet  second  lieutenant.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  he  entered  act 
ive  service  as  lieutenant  colonel  of  the  Fifth  New  York  Volunteers,  of  which  regiment  he  became  colonel  on  August  31st.  1801.  His  regiment  was 
ord.TC'l  :  Monroe,  and  he  look  part  in  the  battle  of  P>ig  liethel.  IMirini;  the  'vmainder  of  the  year  he  was  stationed  at  Baltimore,  where  he 

""    Federal    Hill.      In   the  spring   of    1H02    he  joined    the  Army  of   the    Potomac,  sen  ing   in    the    Peninsular  campaign   atul    at  Yorktown. 

He   was  gi\eu   a   brigade   in    the    Hfih    Army   Corps   in    May,    with    which    lie   covered    the   extreme   riirht  of   the   armv   and    took   part   in    the    capture  of  Ilan- 
"\er     Court  .    the    pursuit    of     Confederate    cavalry    under    Stuart,    the    battle    of    Games'      Mill,    the     affair    at    Malvern     Hill    and     subsecpient     battle, 

kirmish   at    Harrison's    Landing.      His   brigade   was   then   sent   to   re-enforce   General    Pope,  ami    he   participated    in    the   battle    of   Manassas,   was  en 
raged    at   Antietam    and     the     battle    of    Fredericksbiirg.      On    September  2Gth.    1802.    he   was    appointed    brigadier  general     of   volunteers   for   his  services  at 
On    March    :>d.    1MI3.    he  was    appointed    chief    of    engineers    of    the  Army  of  the    Potomac,   and   (luring  the    Chancellorsville    campaign  he 


t"(> 


the    storming    of   Marye's   Heights  and    the  battle    of  Salem. 


uring 

He  continued  as  chief 


ampagn 
engineers    under    M'eade, 


and  was    engaged    at    Get t  -sburg,  where    he    seized     Little    Koiind   Top.      On   August   llth,  1803.  he  was  made  major  general   of   volunteers.      lie    participated 
in   the   battles  of  the   Wilderness  campaign   and    those  around    Petersburg.      lie  received    the    successive    brevets   'in    the    United    States    Army   up    to    major 


GENEKAL  JOHN  JAMES  PECK. 

General  Peck,  born  at  Manilas,  N.  Y.,  January  4th.  18-,M.  died  at  Syra 
cuse.  N.  <>  ..  April  28th,  1878,  was  graduated  from'  the  United  States  Mili 
tary  Academy  in  L843,  and  commissioned  a  brevet  second  lieutenant  of 
artillery.  Served  m  the  Mexican  War,  and  distinguished  himself  at  the 
battles  of  1  do  Alto,  Bewca  de  la  I'alma,  Contreras  and  Churubusco.  On 
August  )th,  1801  he  was  made  a  brigadier  general,  and  at  the  time  of  the 
Virginia  I  emnsula  campaign  in  April  :u,d  May,  1803,  was  given  the  com 
mand  of  a  brigade  in  the  Fourth  Corps  under  General  Couch.  He  was 
appointed  a  major  general  in  July.  L868,  and  afterward  commanded  at 
He  stormed  Hill's  Point,  capturing  it,  an,l  thus  ending  the 
Here  he  was  severely  wounded.  He  was  mustered  out  of  the 
service  August  2-Uli,  18U5. 


GENERAL    GEORGE    W.    CULT.rM. 

General  Cullum,  born  in  New  York  city,  February  25tb,  1809,  died  in 
New  York  city,  February  28th,  1892,  was  graduated  from  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  in  1833,  and  brevetUd  a  second  lieiitenant  in  the  En 
gineer  Corps.  During  the  Mexican  "'ar  he  rendered  valuable  services  as 
superintending  engineer  for  devising  and  constructing  flipper,  miner  and 
pontoon  trains.  In  1801  he  was  appointed  chief  engineer  of  the  Depart 
ment  of  the  Missouri,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier  general  of  volunteers, 
and  made  chief  of  staff  to  General  Halleck.  The  letter  position  he  con 
tinued  to  hold  after  Halleck  was  made  general  in  chief,  and  accompanied 
him  in  his  Southwestern  campaigns,  and  afterward  to  headquarters  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.,  until  1804,  when  he  became  superintendent  of  the  United 
States  Military  Academy. 


k 


2 

"£&"\ 


BA'PTLR     OF     \K\V     liEUXK-LTEUTEXAXT     ITAAniOXT>     CAPTUKTXG     COLONEL     A  VERY,    OF     SOUTH     CA1SOLIXA,    WHILE     HE    WAS 

Exi)KA\:;.i  :v;  TO   J;ALLY   THE   FLYING   CONFEDERATES. 


Our  illnstnition    ivpn'sonts  the  moment   when   Lioutriiant  IT; 


-iptiired  at  tlie  sjune  time. 


•FEDERAL,    CAVALRY    LEADERS— GENERALS    PLEASONTON,   BAYAKD    AND    COLONEL    PERCY    WYNDHAM    MAKING    A    RECON  VOIfcSAYCH 

NEAR    FREDERICKSBURG,   VA. 

31J  


•\, 


BATTLE    OF    STONE    EIVER,  TENN      "HE    DECISIVE    CHARGE    OF    GENER 


OST'S    DIVISION    ACKOS8    Till      I!IVER-THE    CONFEDERATES    FLYING    IN    CONFUSION. 

Afternoon  of  Friday,  January  2d,  1863,  at  the  battle  of  Murfreesborongh,  or  Stone  River.  About  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  General  Rosecrans,  seeing  that  the 
.1  If  the  most  disciplined  troops  in  the  world.  The  Eighteenth  Ohio  Regiment  dashed  into  the  river,  the  Nineteenth  Illinois  and  Twenty-first  Ohic  following  close 
4]  ant  men;  on  they  rushed;  the  Con  federates  met  the  shock,  then  wavered,  and  then  were  driven  back  at  the  bayonets  point,  i step  by  step,  for  some  half-mile, 

"      great  battl.    of  ^one  River,  in  which,  if  ever  men  met  foemen  worthy  of  their  steel,  they  met  them  then. 


iiErife.     Thus  was  won  the  great 


*'A'    IK^TTVxN^^ 
r  a      ;£/ssHv\f  ^cv«aSte 


. 


ARMY    <>K    TIIK     POTOMAC    REOROSSING    THE    RAPPAHANNOCK    FROM    FREDERICKSBURG    TO    FALMOITTH,    ON 

MONDAY,    DKCKMI'JvU     35™,    18(il 


THE    NIGHT    OF 


x 


THE    RAID    TN    KENTUCKY^THE    CONFEDERATE    MOROATI    WITH     TITS     OFKRRTLLAS    HtVOTTACKTNO     iN    COURTHOUSE    SQOAKE,  tAElft 

BOTTRBOX     COTTNTT,    AFTER    TvEVYTNCi     CONTRTHrTTONS     ON    THE     TTvyHAPTTANTS. 

The  Confederate  Morgan  reached  Paris  and  Ovnthiana.  both  of  which  plnr-os  ho   oocnpiod.  lovvinp  lareo   contributions  on  its  nnfort-.iimto  inhabitant, 
artist  reported  that  it  was  a  most  inimnted   nnd  intorestina  sieht  to  PM.  tno  Wank  dismay  of  the  "Parisians  "  whon  Morgan  and  b»  men  r 
bivouacked  in  their  fine  square.    Berond  some  robberies  there  were  no  outrages  committed.     The  Conrthouse  is  a  very  imposing  1       ling,  a  id,  stand 
ing  on  the  highest  spot,  in  the  town,  is  visibb  f~r  miles  around. 

314 


LAKE    PROVIDENCE,   LA.,  HEADQUARTERS    OP    GENERAL    MePHERSON    AND    THE    EEDEEAL    DIVISION    UNDER    HIS    COMMAND. 

0;;r  artist  wrote:  "The  Seventeenth  Army  Corps,  under  General  McPherson,  have  been  exceedingly  fortunate  in  being  ordered  to  Lake  Providenc 
La.  Their  tents  are  pitched  in  pleasant  places.  I  have  not  seen  a  position  anywhere  along  the  Mississippi  Uiver,  or  anywhere  else,  which  offers  sue 
inducements  for  an  army  <  to  stay  awhile' as  the  banks  of  this  beautiful  lake.  There  is  a  little  town  on  the  landing,  which  is  only  fit  for,  and  therefore 
only  occupied  by,  negro  quarters  and  sutler  shops.  The  lake  is  immediately  back  of  the  village,  and  not  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  river. 
Immense  cotton  fields  stretch  away  on  both  sides  of  it,  and  beautiful  residences,  surrounded  by  elaborate  gardens  full  of  Soi'thern  shrubbery,  adorn  its 
banks." 


1  •  t- 


THE    ADVANCE    ON    PORT    HUDSON 


BAGGAGE    TRAIN    OP    GENERAL    ATTGTTR'S    TITVISTON    CROSSING    THE    BAYOU    MONTEOTNO, 
MARCH     13TH,    18fi3. 


,  . 

Oar  sketch  represents  a  ba^gasre  train  belonging  to  Oenernl  Angnr's  division  orossmp  a  TU.rle   creelf.  or  bayon.  about,  four  miles  from  Baton  fionee. 
yenieul8rp^nhebatterie&  6neral  made  &  feigned  advance  aSainst  Fort  Hudson  on  March  13th,  in  order  to  facilitate  Commodore  Parragut'a 


' 


W* 
H 

P 


a 
H 


Q 

X 
X 

ts 

-I) 


ca 


X 

o 


w 


w 


H 
B 
H 


O 


a 
x 


K     . 

(H 


K   K 

h-i 

P 

K  Q 
C  X 


gl 


T. 


O 


X  > 

w 

O 


w 


PS 

H   < 
W 
O 


Q 
X 


H 

(^\ 

K 
S 


O 

9 


316 


BaCK?  i 

Oq    S  o 

3*  S  a 

e-»-    GO  ~ 

CFQ    2  re^ 

s*®1^ 

-*  .-,  S-.; 

—  §  ^  . 


CFQ    ^*  O 

3  *3   re 


^—  Q  "73  — 
^    3 

c  =  5  o 

01    C-  S  o 


P   a> 


CO               O  O 

.  „   o   &  3 

^     "     O  O 

-  H^  "  P  ^ 

O     33  S  ^_ 

^    S  w 

1 S"  cu  ® 

•  CD 


01      iS      i      g      —    ^2   ' 


•• 


2  o  -• 


°    ^    3" 

.  a"  CD   2  o 
i;    c°    o 
S-   ci-  O 

1  ?r  -  P  4: 


-•  »    <    3 

' —  35  <B     O 
.    O    Cj  „- 


^.2§ 


1  —  -:   "-  re  j^ 

o  p       3  2 

•  ^,        re    ~-2 


-          ^ 


i- 


to 
o  p 


o  K  3  =  o  JL 
H  o  ^  ~  -i  — 
^  - 


_  ^ 
01   cr  i 


re  p  re  2  ^ 

3  •-.  3  r/j  ,_;  „ 

'«i  2  ••<  -s  "^ 

r»  re  o  —  re 


ST  3    S-  W     JL     CD  .« 


Z  S  '"d !?  i  IT 

S   S   re   re   ^   3 


re        —  •  o  re   — i 
<n  -.  P  2  re  - 

i'2.  P  i  p  ^ 


S  Sv  —  —I   —*   CO 

^  ~'  ^  p 

r^"  ^^  c«  ^-    !!•    ^ 

S  ~  c-r  ' 


E"  —    ^    ^    Sri* 

.|i|'"J  |_^ 

<»  2  5?  "  o 


r~'  P     ti>  re 
C-.  ^  ^  3 


JO    5    CD          C 

sr  o  r-  cr  P 

CD    H-  -         o    trt- 


317 


-- 
I'll 

ff    te    <D 
- 


-  ,-T  O 
co  •  —    > 


cc        ^£  £ 
I        'Si'1' 


I        IIs 

01  -      P    r— 


W 

?; 


^ 
C 

x 

H- 

V, 

w 

K 

K 


P5        :-^«£ 

Q2  "—    «4_(       ^ 

-£    C    ° 

cr       r^) 


K 

H 
K 
C 

P4 


c  -^  j= 

^      ^ 

tr"  rr  «+^ 

c   o 

.   *  > 

c  ^   <ti 

g^^ 


^cH 


|1| 

<        —  t  _ 

r/;     C  TT 

i-      ^      o 

0     .£t- rs 

k        O     C 
K  ^r^ 

H  =|| 

?5        '"S   > 


H 
K 
C 

hH 
t, 

w 
te 

EH 


<-> 

K 
P 
p; 

CO 

o 
P 

fe 
C 

H 
O 
W 

hH 

o: 


bf  C-  s 


O>    4) 

c  tr  — 


.-£       o 


CC  V  f  -^ 

SP-^< 

P  -w  O  ^ 
-§-~^ 

m  *  SS 
^  >. »  a 
2  fc  •*  o 


— >  a>   --C 
^  «; 

a  g  S 
5gg 


318 


•  ,_, 

S«  3.  f°  a,  :•  2! 

2  g  g    ^2  o 

go.-.     •%  3  f 


3  o>       «  3 


>32. 


OQ     CD     0°     o^ 

3  -  .=  -,  2 


CO      _, 


—  ~  •  CD          ^~\ 

-•  =    ;T  i^ 

•^    =    3"_0. 


2  S-  5-  o  3.  g-    a 


o    i    -;   o 


CO          ,3  /^ 

o  o  s5  EL  c"  -.      ?j 
3  p  —   o  <:  ^_,     •> 


JQ    a.      . 

'  — "  —  p         •— ( 
X    —  --' 


3-3.^3  |  S 


.   3  —         n>   ^ 

D      (TT-    li  _J  ~  . 

o  «   ^  ?3  ^    -, 
'  ' 


H 

a 
a 


H 
H 

C5 


-.      CT 

^r  -^j  — -^ 
_|S-  ^'p^ 


•S3    g 
-"I    9 

^      CT-  ^ 


0  2.^; 

^^^"2 

3    r-3  3    5    » 


«    O    -4    ^          S 

•7      -!      .„-    ^  X 

CD     -°     CD          i-l 


• 

o 
00  -• 

' 


?         ?  ^ 

T. 


5P  g  TQ    —  g 

' 


il 


m  /mmm^mt 


BH    O 


T H AN K  SG  l*J  I W G 


*~~ x     X.  C»  (  Wl  B I N  S  TtJE 
,..-   ,\      ^  _r- 

THANKSGIVING    FESTIVITIES    AT    FOKT    PULASKI,   GA.,   THUESDAY,   NOVEMBER    27Tn,   18G2. 


While  the  loyal  citizens  of 
illustrate  the  amusement  indul^ 
eighth  Regiment,  New  York  V 


f  the   North  were   eating    tlieir  turkeys  the   Federal    soldiers   in   the  South  were  also  celebrating  their  Thanksgiving      We 
;ed    in    at    Fort  Pulaski,  (ia.     The  grand    attraction  of  the  day,  however,  was  the  fete  given   by  the  officers  of  the  . 
olunteers,  (Jolouel  Barton,  and  Company  G,  Third  Kliode   Island  Kegiineut. 


ADMIRAL    DAVID    G.   FARRAGUT. 

Admiral  Farragut,  born  at  Campbell's  Station,  near  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  July  5th,  1801,  died  in  Portsmouth,  N.  II.,  August  14th,  1870.  He  was  fip- 
pointed  to  the  navy  from  his  native  State,  and  as  a  midshipman  saw  active  service  as  early  as  1810.  In  the  Essex,  under  Commodore  Porter,  he  took 
part,  in  1812-'13,  in  her  famous  cruise  against  the  English  commerce  in  the  Pacific.  After  the  capture  of  the  Essex  he  served  on  board  the  line-of-battle 
ship  Independence,  and  afterward  as  lieutenant  on  the  Brandywine.  In  1847  he  was  given  command  of  the  Saratoga,  and  in  her  took  part  in  the  naval 
operations  of  the  Mexican  War.  When  the  Civil  War  broke  out  Farragut  was  given  command  of  the  Gulf  Squadron.  The  Mississipp  Kiiver  below  New 
Orleans  was  defended  with  forts,  chairs  stretched  across  the  stream,  fire  ships,  torpedoes,  and  every  kind  of  appliance.  Before  commencing  actively  the 
attack  a  council  of  war  was  held  in  the  cabin  of  the  admiral's  ship,  at  which  all  the  commanders  of  the  various  vessels  in  the  fleet  were  present.  With 
the  exception  of  two  the  opinions  were  unanimously  in  favor  of  making  the  attack  ;  and  then  was  inaugurated  the  series  of  naval  triumphs  which  sur 
passed  anything  of  the  kind  ever  before  attempted.  The  capture  of  New  Orleans  was  thus  secMred  on  April  28th,  1862.  The  next  year  Admiral  Farra 
gut  commanded  the  attack  on  Mobile,  and  in  this  engagement  went  into  action  lathed  to  the  rigging  of  his  ship.  lie  served  in  the  navy  more  than  fifty 
years,  and  of  this  time  spent  only  eleven  v.aemployed  on  the  sea. 


ttii 


K 


ao 
^ 
O 


tl 
fe 
o 


O 

23 
O 


< 
o 

I 

K 

tf 
C 

S< 
O 

o 


32s; 


I 


k  fflfi  !  <  t  * 

* 


! 


«  a 
g° 

,1 

se 


5   a 

05  g. 


O 

>-    <B« 


41 


2  3- 


-^    <D 

—       ^j         . 

! 


c;  —  « 

o        « 


«t-l   ° 
O    ^    c 


W 
J 


-rj 
K 


H 

1-1 


-2  i 

B    5; 


§. 


„ 

HH 

O  ' 


S 


-t» 

a 

• 


o£ 
—  « 


O    tj. 

>  s 
So' 5 


324 


REAR    ADMIRAL    CHARLES     WTLKES. 


ear        mra  es,    orn    n      ew     or    cty,  April  3d,  1798.  died  in  Washington.  I).  ('..     e 

January  1st,  1818,  and   was  promoted   to  lieutenant,  April  28th,   1821!.      He  served  several  years   in 
Wilkes  was  on  coast  survey  duty,  being  commissioned  commander.  .Inly  13th,  1843  ;  captain,  Septe 
war  8(1.  •:  Jucinto    in   1801,   on    the  outbreak  of  the  Civil   War.      His  first  dut     was  the     ursuit  of 


Rear  Admiral  Wilkes,  born  in  New  York  city,  April  3d,  1798.  died  in  Washington.  I).  ('..  February  8th.  1877.     He  entered  the  navy  as  a  midshipman. 

the  Mediterranean  Sea  and  the  Pacific  Ocean.  In  1843 
September  14th,  1855  ;  and  placed  in  command  of  the  sloop  ol 
pursuit  of  the  Confederate  war  vessel  ftumter.  On  November  8th 
the  Sun  ,/fii-nito  encountered  the  English  mail  steamer  Trent,  which  was  on  its  way  from  Havana  to  St.  Thomas,  West  Indies,  having  on  board  the  Con 
federate  Commissioners  to  France  and  Great  Britain  —  John  Slide!!,  (if  Louisiana,  and  James  M.  Mason,  of  Virginia  —  with  their  secretaries.  On  overtaking 
the  Trent  Wilkes  ordered  Lieutenant  Fairfax  to  bring  them  off.  Tin-  officials  were  removed  to  the  !<an  Jnciiifo,  in  which  they  were  taken  to  Fort  War 
ren,  in  Boston  harbor.  In  1802  Wilkes  commanded  the  James  Ixiver  Flotilla,  and  shelled  City  Point.  He  was  promoted  to  commodore  on  July  16th, 
i862,  and  took  charge  of  a  special  squadron  in  the  West  Indies.  He  was  placed  on  the  retired  list,  because  of  age,  June  25th.  1804,  and  promoted  to 
rear  admiral  on  the  retired  list,  Julv  25th,  1866. 


GENERAL    ROBERT     PATTERSON. 


General  Patterson,  born  in  Cappagh,  County  Tvrone,  Ireland,  January 
12th,  1792,  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  August  ?ih,  1881.  lie  was  commis 
sioned  first  lieutenant  of  infantry  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  afterward  served 
on  General  Joseph  Bloomfield's  staff.  Ho  became  major  general  of  volun 
teers  at  the  beginning  of  the  Mexican  War,  and  served  with  distinction  at 
Cerro  Gordo  and  Jalapa.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  he  was  mus 
tered  into  the  service  as  major  general  of  volunteers.  He  crossed  the 
Potomac  on  June  loth  at  Williamsport.  When  General  McDowell  advanced 
into  Virgina  General  Patterson  was  instructed  to  watch  the  troops  under 
General  Johnston  at  Winchester,  Va.  He  claimed  that  the  failure  of  General 
S.-ott  to  send  him  orders,  for  which  he  had  been  directed  to  wait,  caused  his 
failure  to  co-operate  with  McDowell  in  the  movements  that  resulted  in  the 
battle  of  Bull  Run.  He  was  mustered  out  of  service  on  the  expiration  of 
bis  commission,  July  27th,  1861. 


329 


GENERAL  GEORGE  STONEMAN. 

General  Stoneman,  born  in  Busti,  Chautauqua  County,  N.  Y.,  August 
8th,  1822,  was  graduated  from  the  United  States  Military  Academy  in  184C, 
and  entered  the  First  Dragoons.  In  February,  18C1,  while  in  command  of 
Fort  Brown,  Texas,  he  refused  to  obey  the  order  of  his  superior,  General 
Twiggs,  for  the  surrender  of  the  government  property  to  the  Secessionists, 
evacuated  the  fort  and  went  to  New  York  by  steamer.  He  became  major  of 
the  First  Cavalry,  May  9th,  1861,  and  served  in  Western  Virginia  till  August 
13th,  when  he  was  appointed  brigadier  general  of  volunteers  and  chief  of 
cavalry  of  tho  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  served  during  the  Virginia  Penin 
sular  campaign  of  1802.  He  was  appointed  major  general,  November  29th, 
1862.  He  was  engaged  in  the  Atlanta  campaign  from  May  to  July,  1864; 
was  captured  at  Clinton,  Ga.,  July  31st,  and  held  a  captive  till  October  27th. 
He  became  colonel  of  the  Twenty-first  Infantry,  July  28th,  1866,  and  wa<5 
brevetted  colonel,  brigadier  and  major  general  for  gallant  conduct. 


EXPLOSION     OF     3,000     MUSKET     UAKTIMDUKH     IN      A    TEXT     AT     FORT     TOTTEN,    NEW     IJERNE.    N.   0.,    THE     HJUDQUABTERS     OF 

THE     THIRD     NEW     YORK     AKTILLEKY. 

Onr    correspondent  wrote:   "There    is   a   great    carelessness    in    the    handling    of  munitions    of  war,   of  which  we   have  just  had  •,   proof  i, 
I. hulking    to    blow  the    flies   from    the   tent    by  flashing  powder-a  common  practice-a  spark  caught  a  box  of  three  t  K uJ.  d  r     sket  'c-ntri lies    the 
sansing  a  tremendous  explosion,  which   wounded  four  men  (two  dangerously)   and  blew  the  tent  to  atoms." 


SKIRMISHING    IN    THE    WOODS.   ON    THE     ADVANCE    TO 

impenetrable  forest,  came  snddenfv  nnon1  8Ce.ne:1conld  we  J»t  forjret  the  deadly  nature  of  it.     A  party  of  skirmishers,   thrown  ont  in  front  in  the  aim. 
Other,  and  announcing  to  the  main  bodies  that  th^f         1    hLTl!!!!!'  ^  ^e  woods  soon  ran£  w'*^  *^e  8^arP  report  of  the  n'fle,  sending  death  to  ea 

827 


DARING    AND    DESPERATE    ATTACK— SURPRISE    AND    CAPTURE    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    GUNBOAT     "HARRIET    LANE"    BY    THE    CONFEDERAT] 

About  two  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  January  1st,  18G3,  the  Federal  gunboats  were  attacked  by  five  Confederate  steamers,  protected  by  double  rows  of  bales  <> 
Wamwright  and  Lieutenant  Commander  Lee,  and  a  crew  of  130,  all  told,  had  been  killed  by  musketry  from  the  Confederate  steamers.     The  gunboats  Clifton  and   ' 


into  the  hands  of  the  Confederates. 
CTplosiou  took  place  before  a  boat  containing 


The  West  field  (flagship,  Commodore  Kenshaw)  was  not  engaged,  being  ashore  in  another  channel.     Her  crew  n 
itaining  Commodore  Kenshaw,  First  Lieutenant  Zimmerman  and  the  boat's  crew  got  away,  and  they  were  blown 


Her  crew  were  transfer)  <• 
up  with  the 


,  o*  Massachusetts,  did  not  exceed  300,  the  residue  not  having  disembarked  ut  the  time  of  the  light.     The  Federal  loss  was  160  killed  and  200  taken  priso 


JNDEE    GENEEAL    MAGEUDEE,  AND    DESTEUCTION    OF    THE    FLAGSHIP    "WESTFIELD,"   IN    GALVESTON    HABBOK,  TEX.,  JANUARY    IST,  1863. 

ton,  and  loaded  with  troops  armed  with  rifles,  muskets,  etc.     The  Harriet  Lane  was   captured  by  boarding,  after  about  ail  her  officers,   including  Captain 

;o  were  engaged  and  escaped,  the  former  losing  no  men  and  but  1  wounded.     The  Owasco  lost  1  killed  and  15  wounded.     Two  barks,  loaded  with  coal,  feli 

transports,  and  Commodore  Eenshaw,  fearing  she  would  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  Confederates,  blew  her  up.     By  some   mismanagement  or  accident  tho 

The  Confederate   force  was   estimated  at  5,000,   under   the   command    of  General  Magrnder.     The    Federal   laud   force,   under  the   command  of  Colonel 

The  navy  suffered  the  most,     l^e  Confederate  loss  was  much  greater,  as  the  Federal  guns  were  firing  grape  and  canister  continually  in  their 


CAPTURE    OF    THE 


UNITE])     STATES     MAIL     STEAMER     "ARIEL."    CAPTAIN     JONES.    OFF     THE     EAST 
PIRATE     "ALABAMA"    ("liilO"),    CAPTAIN     SEMMES,    DECEMBER     TTH,    1862. 


END    OF    CUBA.   BY    THE 


Keport  (if  the  lirst  ollicer  of  the  Ariel :  "On  (lie  7th  of  December,  at  1:30  P.  Ji.,  when  rouiuling  Capo  Maysi,  the  eastern  point  of  Cuba,  wo  saw  a 
ve.-sel  about  four  miles  to  the  westward,  close  under  the  high  land,  bark-rigged  and  under  canvas.  As  there  was  nothing  in  her  appearance  indicating 
her  to  be  a  steamer,  her  stnokepipe  being  down,  no  suspicions  were  aroused  until  in  a  short  time  we  saw  she  had  furled  her  sails,  raised  her  smokestack, 
iiiid  was  rapi.lly  Hearing  us  under  steam,  the  American  flag  flying  at  her  peak.  Such  was  her  speed  in  comparison  to  ours  that  in  about  half  an  hour 
*he  had  come  up  within  half  a  mile  of  us,  when  she  fired  a  lee  gun,  hauled  down  the  American  ensign  and  ran  up  the  Confederate  flag.  K"o  attention 
was  paid  to  the  summons,  and  the  Ariel  was  pushed  to  her  utmost  speed.  She  then  sailed  across  our  wake,  took  a  position  on  our  port  quarter,  about 
four  hundred  yards  distant,  and  fired  two  guns  almost  simultaneously,  one  shot  passing  over  the  hurricane  deck,  and  the  other  hitting  the  foremast  and 
cutting  it  half  away.  A  body  of  United  States  marines,  consisting  of  K'O  men.  passengers  on  board  the  Ariel,  had  been  drawn  up  and  armed,  but  the 
officers  in  command  deemed  it  worse  than  folly  to  resist,  as  we  could  plainly  see  they  were  training  a  full  broadside  to  bear  upon  us,  and  Captain  Join** 
gave  orders  to  stop  the  ship  and  haul  down  the  ensign." 


THE  BANKS  EXPEDITION-SCENE  ON  THE  HURRICANE  DECK  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  TEANSPORT  "NORTH  STAR"— THE  SOLDIERS 
OF  THE  FORTY-FIRST  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT  WRITING  HOME  TO  THEIR  FRIENDS,  UPON  THEIR  ARRTVAT,  AT  SHIP 
ISLAND,  GULF  OF  MEXICO. 

We  publish  a  sketch  taken  on  the  evening  of  the  arrival  of  the  Forty-first  Massachusetts  Regiment  at  Ship  Island.  The  thoughts  of  the  dear  ones 
at  home  were  uppermost  in  every  soldier's  mind,  and  in  a  very  short  time  the  hurricane  deck  of  the  steamer  North  Star  was  occupied  by  a  regiment  of 
letter-writers,  all  hard  at  work  in  the  service  of  Cadmus.  It  is  only  those  separated  from  all  they  hold  dear  who  can  realize  the  luxury  of  that  inven 
tion  which  wafts  a  sigh  from  ludus  to  the  Pole. 


FEDERAL,    SOLDIEES    SHOOTING    CATTLE    FOB    THE    SUPPLY    OF    THE    ARMY 


BUTCHERING     AND     DRESSING     CATTLE    FOR     DISTRIBUTION     TO    THE     FEDERAL    ARMY. 

The  romance  and  reality  of  life  were  never  so  strikingly  displayed  as  in  the  Civil  War.     Fact  and  fiction  never   seemed  more  apart   than    the   soldier 
waving  his  sword  when  leading  the  forlorn  hope  and  when  sitting  before  his  tent  cooking  rations;   for,  despite  all  the  commissariat  arrangements,  there 
was  much  room   for  improvement   in    these   particulars.     We  give  a  couple  of  sketches  which  will  enable  our  readers  to  see  how  matter-of-fact  and  me 
chanically  base  were  some  of  the  soldiers'  employments  when  in  camp.     Men  who  would  shrink  from  turning  butcher  in  New  York,   Boston  or  Philadel 
phia  were  forced  by  the  resistless  tide  of  circumstances  to  lend  a  hand  to  the  killing  a  beeve  and  afterward  to  the  dressing  and  cooking  H. 


831 


Hfflyj,* 


O 
H 


pi 

w 


Cl 

g 


K 

ffi 

w— 

W 


W 


P 

X 


fa 
w 


c 


c: 


saa 


cc 

' 


^ 


35 
Si 


H 


H 
SI 


35. 
H 

W 


35 
> 
X 
2! 

O 


i> 

25 

>• 

'J2 

CO 
>> 
CD 


w# 


> 

* 


s 

H 


333 


m«m    "-W, 

%^  K 


834 


~      o 

n*  »     i—   O     S"  HH 

=."  »  s.ffl       r 


835 


337 


I 

w 


5 
ts 


H 


A, 

:  („       \ ;,  v^4      \ 

•t^"V- 

.  M  '  •  \ 

hfllli'!.'       ii/'  >(t      '       ' 

I  S-  fi  '  tfe 

,"^L*C. 


33<J 


••|"ii  .' 


" 


g  -a 

rfl      O 


- 

•"  §  2 
0 


~ 

05    C_Tl~          -w 

1°  I  HI 

'        M 


19  SH 


A 


341 


GENERAL    OLIVER    O.   HOWARD. 

General  Howard,  born  \r\  Leeds,  Me.,  November  8th,  183o,  was  graduated  at  Bowdoin  in  1850,  and  at  the  United  States  Military  Acaflemy  in 
18.54  ;  became  first  lieutenant  and  instructor  in  mathematics  in  185!:.  and  resigned  in  1861  to  take  command  of  the  Third  Maine  Regiment.  He  com 
manded  a  brigade  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run,  and  for  gallantry  in  that  engagement  was  made  brigadier  general  of  volunteers,  September  3d,  1861. 
He  was  twice  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  losing  his  right  arm  on  June  1st,,  1862.  In  November,  1862,  he  became  major  general  of  volun 
teers.  He  commanded  the  Eleventh  Corps  during  General  Hooker's  operations  in  the  vicinity  of  Predericksburg ;  served  at  Gettysburg,  Lookout 
Valh'V  and  .Missionary  Ridge,  and  WHS  on  the  expedition  for  the  relief  of  Knoxville  in  December,  1863.  He  was  in  occupation  of  Chattanooga  from 
this  time  till  July,  1864.  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  in  the  invasion  of  Georgia;  was  at  the  surrender  of  Atlanta,  and 
joined  in  pursuit  of  the  Confederates  in  Alabama,  under  Hood,  from  October  4th  till  December  13th.  1864.  In  the  march  to  the  sea  he  commanded 
the  right  wing  of  General  Sherman's  army.  He  was  in  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and  engaged  in  all  the  important  battles  from  Januarv 
4th  till  April  26th,  1865. 


GENERAL    JOHN    POPE. 

General  Pope,  born  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  March  16th,  1822,  was  graduated 
from  the  United  States  Military  Academy  in  1842,  and  made  brevet  second 
lieutenant  of  engineers.  He  served  in  Florida  in  1842-'44,  and  took  part 
in  the  Mexican  War,  being  brevetted  first  lieutenant  for  gallantry  at 
Monterey,  and  captain  for  his  services  in  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista.  In 
May,  1861,  he  was  made  brigadier  general  and  assigned  to  command  in 
Missouri.  When  General  Curtis  was  sent  in  pursuit  of  Price  General  Pope 
•"as  dispatched  to  Commerce,  Mo.,  where  he  organized  rapidly  an  army  of 
12,000  men,  and  by  hie  vigorous  movements  in  March,  1862,  captured  New 
Madrid  and  Island  No.  10,  with  thousands  of  prisoners.  He  was  then  pro 
moted  to  be  major  general  of  volunteers  and  brigadier  general  in  the  regular 
army.  He  went  to  Washington,  where  he  took  command  of  the  Army  of 
Virginia,  with  which  he  fought  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain  and  the  Bfic- 
«ki  baitle  oJ  Sail  Run.  He  died  September  23d,  1892. 


342 


REAR    ADMIRAL    JOHN    A.    WINSLOW. 

Rear  Admiral  Winslow,  born  in  Wilmington,  N.  C.,  No.vember  19th, 
1811,  died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  September  29th,  1873.  He  entered  the  navy 
as  a  midshipman,  February  1st,  1827,  and  was  made  a  lieutenant.  February 
9th,  1839.  He  was  commissioned  captain,  July  16th,  1862,  and  commanded 
the  steamer  Kearsarge  on  special  service  in  1863-'64  in  pursuit  of  the 
Alabama.  Captain  Winslow  arrived  off  Cherbourg,  June  14th,  1864,  where 
he  found  the  Alabama,  and  blockaded  her  in  the  harbor.  The  Alabama 
made  preparations  for  light,  and  Captain  Raphael  Semmes  caused  Winslow  to 
be  informed  of  this  intention  through  the  United  States  Consul.  0',  Sun 
day,  June  19th,  1864,  he  was  lying  three  miles  off  the  eastern  eiitrstre  of 
the  harbor  when  the  Alabama  came  out.  Winslow  steamed  off  seven  miles 
from  the  shore  so  as  to  be  beyond  the  neutral  ground,  and  then  steamed  to 
ward  the  Alabama.  The  engagement  lasted  one  hour  and  twenty  niiuutefa. 
After  the  last  shot  was  fired  the  Alabamv,  sank  out  of  sight. 


DISTRIBUTING     KATIONS    AND     APPOINTING     A     KNAPSAOK     GHXKI)     P.KFOKK     A     IIEOOXNOISSANCE     NEAH     WAKBENTON,   \A. 

Our  sketch  represents  the  Federal  soliiien,  receiving  choir  rations  ami  th.j  appointment,  of  a  guard  for  ihcir  knapsacks.  Thanks  to  our  illustration 
the  exempts,  whether  sneaks,  aliens,  valetudinarians,  or"  members  of  that  peace  society,  the  Home  Guards,  could  jet  a,  pretty  accurate  idea  of  a  soldiu< 
life,  and  be  present  in  spirit  with  their  noble  Iroobors  on  whom  they  had  devolved  the  sacred  duty  of  bartk. 


THE  PONTOON  BEIDGE  "ON  THE  MAKCH "— THE  PONTOON  WAGONS  ON  THEIR  WAY  FROM  AQUIA  GREEK 

TO  THE  RAPPAHANNOCE. 
343 


SIEGE    OF    VICKSHURG— ATTK 


186: 


Our   sketch    represents   the   terrible   but   fruitless  assault   made   on    Pemberton's   last   line  of  defense    around    the   city  of  Vicksburg.     On   Mav  2'M 
apart   connected  by  deep  intrenchments  and    extending  for  seven   miles.     Lawler's  brigade   rushed   up  amid   a  cross  fire,  and  with   heavy  IORS  pla'i 

•nand  ordered  up   Benton  and    Bin-bridge  on  the  right.     Sherman  and  McPherson  also  advanced,  and  at  point  after  poin'   the  old    flag  flui 

the  bravery  of  the  men.     Covered   by  the  ravines  which   intersected  the  ground   the  Federal  troops  would   get  near  the  works  and   nmkc  a  ^alK-Hit   r< 

erals    even  when  in  the  fort,  were  almost  as  far  from  victory  as  before.     In  one  case  a  party  of  twelve  lowans,  led  by  a  voutli   mmied  Criffil 

had  discharged  their  pieces    and    brought   them    off.     The  Confederates  used  for  almost  the  first  time  hand  grenades,  which  they  rolled    down    the  sides  h 

irmy  could  stand  such  losses.     Closer  were  the  lines  drawn  around  the  enemy.     Siege  guns  were  mounted.     The  mines  began  their  work,  an 


THE    CONFEDERATE    WORKS,    MAY    22D,    1863. 

mendous  assault  was  made  on  the  grass-covered  fortifications  held  by  the  Confederate  army.  These  works  consisted  of  a  chain  of  forts  about  eight  hundred 
ars  and  Stripes  on  the  edge  of  a  parapet;  but  the  enemy  gathered  there,  and  the  Federals  were  overpowered.  Liindrum's  brigade  came  to  the  relief,  but 
'or  awhile  on  the  works.  On  the  extreme  right  Steele's  division,  with  Blair  on  his  left,  advanced  ;is  Pemberton  fell  back,  and,  like  the  others,  could  only 
vard.  reach  the  parapet,  yet  when  the  edge  of  the  fort  was  gained  the  interior  was  swept  by  a  line  of  rifle  pits  in  the  rear  and  a  partition  breastwork,  so 
and  held  a  fort,  but  all  finally  fell  under  the  fire  of  their  assailants  except  Griffiths,  who,  with  musket  and  revolver,  captured  fourteen  Confederates  who 
irorks  on  the  assaulting  party  in  the  ditch  or  clinging  to  the  side.  This  dreadful  day  swept  awaj  thousands  of  gallant  Federals.  The  siege  now  began  in 
'ortifications  were  assailetf  from  beneath. 

'* 


\.     v\    f»~  •     i' •    <K*v\*wwt  A*  ->»33 


SIEGE     OF     VH'Ksni-Kd     T1IK     TWKNTY-THI  HI>     INDIANA     AM)     l'<  )KTY-1'I  i'TH     IM.INOIS     REGIMKNTS.    LEGCETTS     BRIGADE,    LOGAN'S 
DIVISION.   McPHERSOVS     COUPS,    STORMING     1-OKT     II  ILL.    AI-TKIl     THE     EXPLOSION     OE     THE     MINE,    JUNE     MTU,    1863. 


,, 


BATTLE    OF    CORINTH,   MISS.,   OCTOBER    4™,    18<i2-SCENE    IN    THE    ROUNDABOUTS    OF    FORT    ROBIN'ETT    AFTER    THE    REPULSE 

OF    THE    CONFEDERATES. 

We  present  an  exact  copy  of  ;i  photograph  showing  the  scene  which  presented  itself  to  the  Federals  at  Fort  Robinett.  As  our  readers  are  aware, 
the  battle  of  Corinth,  which  took  place  on  the  3d  and  4th  of  October,  was  one  of  the  most  sanguinary,  in  proportion  to  the  numbers  engaged,  that 
occurred  in  the  West,  and  it  was  contested  on  both  sides  with  great  valor  and  skill.  The  Federal  troops  wore  led  by  (iencral  Rosecrans,  and  those 
of  the  enemy  by  Van  Dorn,  Trice  and  Villepigue.  The  Confederates  lost  two  acting  brigadier  generals.  Johnson  and  Rogers,  who.  by  a  singular 
coincidence,  both  full  at  the  same  time  and  within  a  few  feet  of  each  other.  In  addition  to  those  officers,  they  lost  Colonels  Ross,  Morton  and 
McLaine,  and  Major  James.  An  officer  of  the  Third  Michigan  Cavalry  said:  "Fort  Ilobinett  was  garrisoned  by  the  First  United  States  Artillery,  and 
here  the  greatest  slaughter  took  place.  In  the  roundabouts  of  the  fort  were  found  the  remains  of  Generals  Johnson  and  Rogers,  and  close  to  them 
were  the  bodies  of  fifty-six  of  their  men,  principally  of  the  Second  Texas  and  Fourth  Mississippi  Regiments.  General  Rogers  was  a  brave  man  ;  he  was 
killed  while  planting  the  Confederate  flag  ur»ou  the  parapet  of  the  fort,  from  which  the  enemy  were  finally  repulsed  with  great  slaughter  " 

^fc_  346 


, 


SIEGE    OF    VICKSBURG— SHARPSHOOTERS    IN    THE    RIFLE    PITS    CONSTRUCTED    BY    CAPTAIN    HICKENLOOPER, 


THE    CAPTURE    OF    ARKANSAS    POST,   ARK.— GENERAL    STEPHEN    G.    BURBRIDGE,   ACCOMPANIED    BY    HIS    STAFF,  PLANTING 

THE    STARS    AND    STRIPES    ON    FORT    HINDMAN,   JANUARY    UTS,    1863. 

No  sooner  was  the   fort   surrendered    than    General  Burbridge   and   his   staff  sprang  across  the  ditch,  mounted  the  parapet,  and  planted  the  flag  of 
"jpnblic  upon  its  bloody  battlements,  thus    making  a  fitting  finale  to  one  of  the  most   glorious   achievements  of  the  war.     The  number  of  prisoners 
jurrenJeieC:  was  5,»,  0,  the   Federal  .forces   in  action    being  27,000.     An  immense  quantity  of  quartermaster's,  commissary  and  ordnance  stores  were  also 
obtained,  among  which  were  20  guns,  8,000  stands  of  small   arms,  and  100  army  wagousj  with  herd*  of  horses  aud  mules. 

347  " 


o 

H 

a 


H 
x; 


;    .      ' 


!'/      H 


9 

CO 

fc 

M 
p 
H 

J 
«»! 
PH 

a 


o 

-A 

P? 


w 

M 

of 
H 

B 
O 


a 


o 

H 
S 


02 

a 


H 


a 


c 


a 

e 


§ 
P 
« 
EC 


a 


,548 


03 

H 


O 
i—  i 

2! 


H 


' 


v 


=;  S  ^  2  =  c  5       3      '  >.  MSS 

8  -  -_,  S-  .  S-  5.      F       '• ',  » 


O      r      ! 

=f  :*•  _       r-  b"- 


liin'1.  '/?'(i''s 
''•'lliiilll  • 

351 


NIGHT    BURIAL    OF    COLONEL    GARESCHE.    CHIEF    OF    STAFF    TO    MAJOR     GENERAL    ROSECRANS,   ON    THE    BATTLEFIELD    OF 

STONE    RIVER,   TENN. 


We  publish  a  most  striking  sketch,  the  temporary  burying  of  one  of  the  fallen  Federal  heroes,  Colonel  Gareschc,  chief  of  staff 
who  was  killed  by  the  side  of  the  general  at  the  battle  of'Stone  River.     Our  artist  thus  describes  this  most  emphatic  scene,  winch  in 
istic    so    closelv  resembles    the    burial  of  Sir  John  Moore  :    "  In    a   small    graveyard    on    the    top    of  a   ridge    near    the    railroad  tracK  ti 
Garesche  rested  for  a  time,  while    the    fate  of  the    battle  was   yet   undecided.     What  a  contrast  does  the  inhuming  of  this  gallant  n i 

so  many  consider   as   the    pomp   and    circumstance   of   glorious  war!    No  procession  of  plumed  officers,  n*  rolling  of  muffled  diums,  i 
rattling  musketry,  none    of  the    rites   and   ceremonies   of  religion.     Alas!   the  living  comrades  of  the  dead  hero  are  too  terribly  in  c  Lm    the 

even  turn  aside    to    give    a    farewell  glance  at  their   departed    friend.     The   fate   of  battle,  possibly  of  the  republic,  hangs  upon  the  .  an  aim    t  c 

glance  of  an  eye.     To-day  is  for  action-to-morrow,  for  regret.     'Let  the  dead  bury  the  dead'  is  the  silent,  impulse  of  even  his  f  ILI  in  no 

the  sullen  roar  of  cannon  still   proclaims   the   deadly  conflict,  and  General    Ilosecrans  and  the  friends  of  Garesche  have  their 

and  dare  not  look  back  on  the  solemn  group    behind    them.     There  stand    some  orderlies  around  the  body  of  the  fallen  colonel.  xiy      esc 

rough  and  battle-scarred  veterans  perform  their  labor  of  love  and  sorrow.     Their  eyes,   which    gazed    unblenched    on    the  death-foam  :ig  CM 
with    tears,  and    not   a  word    is   spoken.     There    is   no   coffin,  no   shroud,  no  pall-it  will    be   truly  ashes  to  ashes   and  dust    o  dust.  ,^v     "ther 

beside    it   is   the    disfigured    and    headless  corpse.     Ah!    there   is   a   pause.     A  thought   has   come    to   one    of   them       ^ro.  , ,]  I  dim  Ian- 

green  cedar  branches  ;   OV.M-  the   poor   clay  they  carefully  lay  these   protecting   boughs  ;    and  then,  beneath  tbe  light  of 
ceru,  the  earth  is  gently  laid  over  the   gallant  Garesche." 


352 


GENERAL    ALBERT    J.   MYER. 

General  Myer,  born  in  Newbnve.  tf.  Y.,  September  20th,  1827,  died  in  Buffalo.  N.  Y..  August  24th,  1880,  was    graduated  at   Hobart  College  :n  1847, 
and    at    Buffalo   Medical    College   in    1851.     In    September,  1854,  he   entered    the  United  States  Army  as  assistant    surgeon,  and   was  aligned 
Texas.     While  so  engaged  he  devised  a  system  of  army  signals  with  flags  and  torches  for  day  and  night,  by  means   of  which  messages  ent  i 

fully  and    accurately"  as    with    the   electric    telegraph,  though    less    rapidly.     In    1858-'60   he   held    command  of  the    Signal  Corps    and  engs  ?ert    in 

perfecting  his  system.     He  was  commissioned  major  in  1860,  and  made   chief  signal  officer  of  the  United  States  Army.     At  the  beginning 
War   he  was   ordered   to  Washington    and   assigned    to   duty  in   the   Army  of   the    Potomac.     Throughout    the    Peninsular  campaign  he    served  as   eft 
signal  officer  to  General  McClellan,  participating  in  all  the  battles  from  Bull  Run  to  Antietam.     He  then  returned  to  Washington,  where  he  took  charge 
of  the  United  States  Signal  Office   on    March    3d,   1863,   with    the   rank    of   colonel.     In  December  he  was  relieved  of  his  oimjimii.l    by  the  Secretary  c 
War  on  the  ground  that  his  appointment  had  not  been  confirmed,  and  his  appointment  of  chief  signal  officer  w.i«.  revoked  July  21st,   1 
brevetted  brigadier  general  March  13th,  1865.     He  was  reappointed  colonel  and  chief  signal  officer  July  28th,  1  Ob. 


353 


K- 
,,,  I 


• 


354 


w 

H 

>n 
H 
O 
a 
W 


s3 
o 


O 


O 

a 
d 


y, 
b 

55 

p 

'H 

Si 
O 
H 


c 
w 


w 
w 


C 
cl 
Q 
H 


C 
% 


O 
O 


o  o  t. 

5S  e 

.  —  o 


5«»g 
2  <o\ 


O          C 
to     £3     <D 


111 


O     *^  CO     ~* 
Q)    r"j    £2 

£    to    S'S 


F3  c  2 


a  o  c  <n 
ce       s  ffi 

1   Pis' 

K^  "£  '"^  i— i 
-  QJ    cc 

"c  g  P-  s 
W  *  c  ^-° 
£  .2 -'2-= 


K 
C 

H 
<! 


K  c  ""  'r  c 

c  be  o  ce 

5 

P5 

g  j|-£ 

W  ^  °^o 

p^  >i  _  ™ 

^  *  ®  bo" 


K 
H 


H 

GO 


-»    0 


P  O    g      ,'" 

-»j  .  ^  a 

Cj    tiC  ^ 
>«!    C    O   >> 

•<       -fl      -"  <" 
O        S3 


5=  rrr     O)  ^3       . 

g  =P! 

CJ  CJ     TO  rr-  «^ 

HH  DO  .,—  TS 

W  -3  ! 

o  p.' 


o         ®  p  C  o 
w         43  C  •"   - 


c  c  o 


«  Ml 

j^  .S  -2  £ 
.2  !«-s  o 


®  £  >- 
•*  Bi  , 


^s    »; 

O    "O    »    N 

^5        -^j  *j 

2  *  t.  — 


c  ^i 


0  -2 

600  _ 


*^j  O 

Q)      •    O 

C       Q       CO 

639 

O  -O  3s 


357 


REAR     ADMIRAL     JAMES     ALDEN. 

1828Kuu]  tn'l'w  AK1pIi;  b°r"  '"    l>0rtila!r''^e,Y  Ma™\  31.8t'  1810-  died  in  San   Francisco,  Cal.,  February  6th,  1877.     He  was   appointed    midshipman    in 

accompanied   theU.lkes  Exploring  Expedition  around  the  world   in  1838-'42.     lie  was  commissioned  lieutenant  in  1841,   and 

wa     „      '    ^f     So  At  tli;  m't'i"   P~'!lt  ^he  capture    of  Vera  Cruz,  Tuspan  and  Tabasco.     In  1855-'56  he  was  actively  engaged  in  the   Indian 

e  outbreak  of  the  Civil   War  he  was  in  command  of  the  steamer  South  Carolina,  re-enforced  Fort  Pickens,  Fla.,  and  was 

X  ^    nf,  ,HC   °°m7»<lej    the   ?J°°P    of    war  Ru^ond  at   the    passage   of   Forts   Jackson  and  St.  Philip  ami  the  captuS 

Mo  il     B,      \u<  mf'in    L T       ?,     i.  I1'"18?"',    H°  TTS  made  caPtuin  in  1863'  and  commanded  the  Brooklyn,  participating  in  the  capture 

ten,          ',    1  '.        Iu-e    H   nd     C,r   T      ^T\  ^^  ,l\Q  "«  ™™onod  commodore  in  1866,  and  two  yea?s  later  was  placed  in  charge  of 

In    1869    he  was   appointed    chief   of   the    bureau    of   navigation   and    detail    in    the   Navy  Department.     He  was 
leai    admiral   in   1871  am)   assigned  command   of  the  European  Squadron. 


GENERAL    J.    H.    HOBART    WARD. 

General  Ward,  born  in  New  York  city,  June  17th,  1823,  was  educated 
*t  I  rimtv  Collegiate  School  ;  enlisted  at  the  age  of  eighteen  in  the  Seventh 
•Hates  Infantry,  and  in  four  yaars  rose  through  the  several  grades 
to  that  of  seriieant  major.  In  the' Mexican  War  he  participated  in  the 
siege  of  Fort  Brown,  received  wounds  at  Monterey,  and  was  at  the  capt 
ure  of  \era  Cruz.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  he  recruited  the 

I  iiirty. eighth  New  York  Volunteers,  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  regiment 
and  led  it  at  Bull  Run  and  in  all  the  battles  of  Peninsular  campaign,  and 
Mibseanentlv  at  the  second  Bull  Hun  and  Chantillv.  Being  promoted 

>ngH,her  general  of  volunteers,  October  4th,  1862,  he  commanded  a  brigade 

in       tliji        I    I ,  i  «,]       /'....  n         i         •      i       t 


GENERAL    EDWIN    V.   SUMNER, 

General  Sunnier,  born  in  Boston  Mass.,  January  ,'30th,  1797.  died  in 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  March  21st,  1863,  was  educated  at  Milton  (Mass.)  Academy, 
and  entered  the  army  in  1819  as  second  lieutenant  of  infantry.  In  1838 
lie  was  placed  in  command  of  the  School  of  Cavalry  Practice  at  Carlisle, 
I'a.  He  was  promoted  major  in  1846,  and  in  the  Mexican  War  led  the  cav 
alry  charge  at  Cerro  Gordo  in  April,  1847.  In  March,  1861,  he  was  appointed 
brigadier  general  in  the  regular  army  and  sent  to  relieve  General  Albert 
Sidney  Johnston,  in  command  of  the  Department  of  the  Pacific,  but  was 
recalled  in  the  following  year  to  the  command  of  the  First  Corps  of  the 


•     ~fi       ,,,,  .    ,     „,                   m_  j    •»«••»»•»«                 ><j*,  ji                          u  a  uugauu  reoaueu   in   uie   lonowing  year  10  me  command   or  tne  i'lisc   corps    oi   tne 

I,':,,'                                   Frederioksbnrg,  Ohancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.     He  served  with  gallantry  at  the  siege  of  York  town 

Spottoylvania.     On  the  third  day  at  Gettysburg,  where  he  and  Fair  Oaks.     In    the  Seven   Days'  Battles  he  was   wounded    twice.     In 

\\  Jlo    \\  out n Icil .    ;m     u.lan     uf     K  ,,1    ,.'.,     T? i     .  ..   i     TI*    TI    •     i   .         »                    .  J    . 


,  J  '  '  V      til  II  U      \\l\\     ill      I  UM  I  \  SUU  I  y ,     WIH' 1C      lit) 

was  wounded,  as  also  at  Kelly's  Ford  and  Wapping  Heights;  he  was  in 
t-Mnporary  command  of  the  division.  He  was  wounded  at  Spottsylvania, 
•iiul  was  frequently  commended  for  courage  and  capacity  in  official  reporU. 


1862  he  was  appointed  major  general  of  volunteers,  led  the  Second  Corps 
at  the  battle  of  Antietarn,  where  he  was  wounded,  and  commanded  one  of 
the  three  grand  divisions  of  Burnside's  army  at  Fredericksburg. 


RUSH'S    LANCERS    GUARDING    THE    ROADS,  THE    DAY   AFTER    THE    BATTLE    OF    ANTIETAM,  TO    PREVENT    THE    PASSAGE    OF    CIVILIANS 


SIEGE    OF    VICKSBURG— GENERAL    SHERMAN'S    FIGHT    WITH    HAND    GRENADES,   JUNE    ISra,   1863. 

On  the  13th  of  June  occurred  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  a  scene  hitherto  unparalleled  in  the  Civil  War.  By  two  o'clock  in  the  morning  General 
Sherman's  corps  had  pushed  up  to  the  rifle  pits,  and  to  within  twenty  yards  of  one  of  the  bastions.  The  Confederates  threw  lighted  shells  over  the 
parapet  on  the  Federal  approach,  and  received  in  return  twenty-three  hand  grenades,  twenty  of  which  exploded,  driving  the  Confederates  out.  Cannon 
£<»d  now  become  useless  to  either  party,  and  as  musketry  was  of  no  avail,  thev  had'  to  resort  to  the  old  hand  grenade. 

356 


- 

.  .   -'.«.'-     i      , 


BATTLE    OF    CHANCELLORSVILLE,   SUNDAY,   MAY    80,   1863- 
Karly  ou   May  3d   Stnart   renewed   the  attack   upon   Hooker's  force,  with  the   battle  cry,  "  Charge,  and  remember  Jackson  !"  and  the  advance  w 


was  ma 


I 


2EAL    HOOKER    REPULSING    THE    ATTACK    OF    THE    ENEMY. 


•jth  such  i0ipetuosity  that  in  a  short  time  he  was  in  possession  of  the  crest  from  which  the  Eleventn  Corps  had  been  driven  the  preceding  day.     No  time  was 

\v  ordered  upon  the  position  held  by  Generals  Berrj  and  French,  both  of  whom   were  supported   by  the   divisions  of  Williams  and  Whipple.     After  a  severe 

Federals,  who  soon  had   to  fall  back  to  their  seaoad  and  third  lice  of  intrenchmezte.     The  Oocfederttep  *o^owed  close  upon  them,  and  made  charge  after 

VEL 


i>i:ri;Ys    IIUTF.  A    roxFKi>Er.\TE   POSITION   ox   THF.   .TAJIKS   EIVF.R,  XEAU   RICHMOND,  VA. 

The  prin. -:pal  Confederate  defense  of  Richmond  was  Fort  Darling,  a  heavy  work  on  a  high  bank  called  Drury's  Bluff,  eight  miles  below  ftichinond. 
Here  the  river  wa<  closed  with  hcavv  piling  and  vessels  loaded  with  stone  .sunk  in  the  channel.  The  work  was  casemated  and  mounted  with  heavy 
It  will  be  remembered  that  the  Federal  ironclads,  the  UulfHit  and  the  Mmiitnr.  were  repulsed  here  during  the  progress  of  the  Peninsular  campaign. 
The  Monitor  was  unable  to  elevate  her  guns  suflieiently  to  reach  the  works,  and  the  sides  of  the  Cnlenii  were  not  thick  enough  to  resist  the  plunging 
•diot  from  the  fort,  which  struck  its  sides  .t  right  angles.  The  .\nnijntiirk-.  the  only  other  vessel  engaged  in  the  assault,  burst  her  single  gun  on  the 
*econd  discharge. 


TOWING    THE    WOUNDED    FEDERAL    SOLDIERS    DOWN    THE    BAYOU    ON    A    RAFT,   ON    THE    NIGHT     OF    JANUARY     HTH,    1863, 

AFTER     THE     BATTLE     OF     BAYOU     TECHE,    LA. 

General  Banks  had  arranged  to  stop  the  depredations  which  the  Confederate  steamer  J.  A.  Cotton  had  been  tjng  committing  along  the  Bayou 
Teclie.  He  had  advanced  from  Labadirville  on  January  J 1  th  with  four  gunboats,  ten  regiments  of  iiifantry  and  one  of  artillery,  reaching  Carney's  Bridge, 
near  Pattersonville,  early  on  the  14th.  Their  progress  here  was  stopped  by  si;ver-il  eprLhworks,  under  whoso  guns  lay  the  ,7.  A.  Cotton.  Early  on  the 
15th  Commander  MeKean  Buchanan  opened  fire  from  the  CaJ/iuun,  and  was  joined  in  it  by  the  other  gunbottta,  while  the  troops  were  advancing  on 
shore  to  engage  the  Confederate  vessels  and  batteries  from  the  rear.  The  troops  were  not  long  in  subjecting  their  enemy  to  a  fierce  enfilading  musketry 
and  artillery  fire  from  the  woods;  and  such  was  its  destructive  effect  that  the  /.  A.  Cotton  had  finally  to  retire  toward  an  upper  battery  at  Butte  La  Hose, 
on  the  Atcliafalaya.  Early  on  the  following  morning  the  ,7.  A.  Cotton  was  seen  floating  down  the  bayou  in  a  sheet  of  flame,  having  been  set  afire  and 
abandoned  by  the  Confederates.  The  troops,  therefore,  returned  to  Brastnar  Oit-y,  the  Federal  wounded  having  been  meanwhile  placed  on  a  raft  and 


towed  down  the  river. 


362 


WATERHOUSE'S     BATTERY,    SHERMAN'S     CORPS.    BEFORE     VICKSBURG. 

The  interior  view  of  Waterhouse's  buttery,  in  Tattle's  division,  shows  the  guns  in  position  anil  the  huts  in  which  the  men  are  crowded.  These 
were  built  of  canes  tied  together  and  covered  with  branches,  the  soldiers  resorting  to  the  style  of  dwellings  of  the  Indians  who  dwelt  there  two 
uenturies  ago. 


A     STREET    IN     FREDERICKSBURG,    VA.,  SHOWING     THE     RESULT     OF     THE     BOMBARDMENT— FEDERAL     SOLDIERS     GROUPED    ABOUT. 

Our  correspondent  wrote  :  "  Considering  the  terrible  nature  of  the  bombardment,  it  is  wonderful  that  not  a  single  inhabitant  was  killed  by  it, 
although  many  families  refused  to  avail  themselves  of  the  opportunity  to  leave  before  the  firing  commenced.  These  found  shelter  in  the  cellars  of  the 
houses,  and  thus  escaped.  The  rest  of  the  building,  in  many  cases,  was  so  shattered  as  to  be  perfectly  uninhabitable.  A  fine  old  mansion  in  Main 
Street  presented  a  melancholy  spectacle,  no  less  than  thirty  round  shot  having  gone  right  through  it,  leaving  the  appearance  of  so  many  portholes,  lu 
the  street  the  Federals  bivouacked  the  night  before  the  battle  and  the  night  after." 

B68< 


K 

o 


H 
X 


a 
H 

-K 
W 

c 

— 

w 

— 

M 

3 


H 

K 

g 


g 


.- 

•.1  a 


s 

CO 


y         ^ 


o 

a: 

P 

K 
W 

c 

h- 

£ 


>.\  I  Jl 

'  :l 


C     1--  fr5 

EE       s  c  2     . 

o-S  £•£ 


tr  >-  fci^:  M 


^•»  - — .  — 


O     .=  2  oT^^ 


(-.  P  Htr  S 


HGO 


8. a  S,? 

n>   O    y  = 


EH  PUKM 
1-1=  j     i    . 

/ 


5 


d 
a? 

i 


E 

g 

K 


f  -r-  C 


Sl^Sft 

:>   MiSft  S2 


ivl  *-J  V-JVV  *•  ."  ,  *v-     -  T-,.        K- — L  --_ *1      ' 


o  '2  ='^        M 

^ 


369 


;j 


870 


U- 

o 


p 


K 

f~*, 

H 
H 


o 

o 

s 


r1 

O 

s 

H 
ft) 
c« 

O 


»m  I  ; 'i 


tM; 


•*>  v.      •   ct 

<D    0)  ,£2 

c  —  bo  s 
"5  o)S  "" 

"*  W 


bc_=  O  — 

-•->  O  ^! 

•w  —  -*     C3 

O    —          0> 


.2  e  .=  & 

trj  =  i  o 

9  ti-0   h 


£2  g-3 


•"Co*-1 
;-    ~ 


b  c   c  T. 
^  ct,        c 

i— i      -r2    C 

o   =   =-   o 


-    O 
O    S 


X 
X 

K 
H 

•j: 

H 


-r; 
C 


5lg":§ 

2  -  ?,  ^  "3 

-s  -  -  I  f- 

dT3    p    s'u 

S  S  2  "5 

~*"  "~    ^   r 

^  £.2  -r  ^ 

^   o   ^  r^-  o 

I  |'J  i^ 

•J?>    =      ,cc 
"o  2   5   r   == 

~      O      ~     Q 

o  ~  £  =j 

^  -w          O    on 
>    =    2^- 

"  .2  ~  &,"£ 

5  ^      ^  -^ 

O     M 

1^^" 

O         KM    00 

r  i  r— '  Cj  /• 


— 

K 
K 
M 
S 

t>  —      W    *j 

^     c  e-y 


O  HH     CO     ^ 

0-s_'S° 

°:=  -  43 

-°    O  -2    £_     . 
c    —  SO       "3 

2  ~  ~  o  s 
§  §'g  §•= 

83  "     to     0> 

u     M3  I — I  ^O 

«      014-1      5      S 

s  -  o       = 

*- '  ""^      "      i 

C«     •—    J^     „  "•» 


•H  §  i  r  o 

•—    >^    en    — 

-5  °  r/,-2  ^ 

^    C3    QJ 

O     CO  _S  — i 

o  .-£  ~  .2  -r 

C3  -"    "    —  ••• 

s  a  P  •=  <» 


J'i.s  §  « 


Si  0-  .5  M  — 
S  o  ^  !2  ^H 

oe.|  «-§ 

»  w  -?  rn  c« 
s  o  s  »  «, 

•E.-2^  S.r 
•jllf 

siJi 

l^ioj 

*j        *^3 

^  2  -s  £  = 


•a-5 

«>  o   ^ 

-0     -    - 


M 

<t- 

c 


a-        *-"      0)       !0  - 

^  -°  S 

rj       QJ  O  _ 

Or^    03  _H  w; 

4J     *J    *J  fO 


^™  •  ^^     ^^     w 

3  o  .r  o 
43  &.O  a- 


J7J 


GENERAL    EDWARD    R.  S.   CANP.Y. 


:ky  in  1819,  killed    in    Siskiyou  County,   Cal.,  April    llth,    1873,   was   graduated    from    the   United   States    Military 

„„„„„ >nd  lieutenant  and  assigned  to  the  Second  Infantry.     He  served  in  the  Florida  and  Mexican  wars  with  distinction; 

was  'present   at    the    siege  «f  Vera  Crux,  at  Cerro    Gordo,  Contreras   and    Churubusco.     He   received    the    brevets  of  major  and  lieutenant  colonel  for  his 
Bervire-  in  this  campaign,   and   was  promoted    to    the  full    rank    of  captain  in  June,  1851.     In  May,  1801,  he  was  made  colonel  of  the  Nineteenth  Regi- 


General    Canby,   horn    in    Kentuck 
Academy  in  1^:>'.'  :    commissioned  secom 


iiiand  of  the  Military  Division  of  West  Mississippi, 
Indians,  April  llth,   IS?:!. 


place   that   he   held  until   some   months   after  the  close  of  the  war.     He  was  killed  by  tb*  Modoo 


GENERAL    KUFUS    KING. 

General  King,  born  in  New  York  city,  January  26th,  1814,  died  there, 
October  13th,  1876,  was  graduated  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy 
in  1833,  and  appointed  to  the  Engineer  Corps,  lie  resigned  from  the  army, 
September  30th,  183C,  and  became  assistant  engineer  of  the  New  York  and 
Erie  Railroad.  From  1839  till  1843  he  was  adjutant  general  of  the  State  of 
New  York.  He  was  then  associate  editor  of  the  Albany  Evening  Journal, 
and  of  the  Albany  Advertiser  from  1841  till  1845,  when  he  removed  to  Wis 
consin,  and  was  editor  of  the  Milwaukee  Sentinel  until  1861.  He  was 
United  States  minister  to  Rome  from  March  22d  till  August  5th,  1861,  but 
resigned,  as  he  had  offered  his  services  in  defense  of  the  Union.  He  was 
made  a  brigadier  general  of  volunteers,  May  17th,  1861,  and  commanded  a 
division  at  Fredericksburg,  Groveton,  Manassas,  Yorktown  and  Fairfax,  re 
maining  i"  the  army  until  1863,  when  he  was  reappointed  minister  to  Rome, 
where  he  resided  until  1867. 


GENERAL  DANIEL  TYLER. 

General  Tyler,  born  in  Brooklyn,  Windham  County,  Conn.,  January 
7th,  1797,  died  in  New  York  city,  November  30th,  1882,  was  graduated  from 
the  United  States  Military  Academy  in  1819.  He  served  as  a  lieutenant  of 
artillery,  was  adjutant  of  the  School  of  Practice  at  Fortress  Monroe,  1824— '26  ; 
and  while  commanding  the  arsenal  at  Pikesville,  Md.,  1826- '27,  translated 
"  Manoeuvres  of  Artillery  "  from  the  French.  In  1828  he  was  sent  abroad  to 
observe  the  French  improvements  in  artillery.  This  he  did  at  Metz  and  else 
where."  In  1832  he  was  superintendent  of  the  inspectors  of  arms  furnished 
by  contractors.  Resigning  in  1834,  he  became  president  of  an  iron  and  coal 
company.  He  was  colonel  of  the  First  Connecticut  Regiment  in  April,  1861  ; 
brigadier  general  of  volunteers  in  March,  1862,  and  served  in  the  Army  of  the 
Mississippi  at  the-sieg4_yf  Corinth  in  June.  Served  as  one  of  the  commis 
sion  to  investigate  Buell's  Kentucky  campaign,  and  afterward  in  command 
at  Harper's  Ferry,  in  Baltimore  and  in  Delaware,  lie  withdrew  from  the 
374  iruiy  in  April,  1804. 


THE     OLD     HARRISON     MANSION,    HARRISON'S     LANDING,    VA.,    THE     BIRTHPLACE     OF     PRESIDKNT     WILLIAM     HENRY     HARRISON,    USED 

AS    A    HOSPITAL     AND     THE     HEADQUARTERS     OF     THE     SIGNAL     CORPS. 

This  old-fashioned  residence  was  situated  at  Berkeley,  on  the  banks  of  the  James  River,  only  a  few  hundred  yards  from  the  water.  It  was  constructed 
of  brick  and  surrounded  by  a  grove  of  poplar  and  other  trees.  Here,  on  February  9th,  1773,  William  Henry  Harrison,  ninth  President  of  the  United 
States,  was  born,  and  for  this  it  remained  famous  till  it  became  of  still  higher  historical  interest  by  being  selected  as  the  paint  d'appui  of  (leneral 
McClellan's  army,  and  the  chief  landing  T>lace  of  all  its  stores.  It  was  at  ojice  chosen  for  hospital  purposes,  and  upon  its  roof  the  Signal  Corps  erected 
a  tower  for  the  survey  of  the  surrounding  country. 


RECRUITING    IN    PHILADELPHIA,   PA.,   FOR    THE    BUCKTAIL    PENNSYLVANIA    REGIMENT,  AUGUST,   1862. 

This  famous  regiment  suffered  so  much  that  recruiting  became  necessary.     As  it  was  a  Pennsylvania  pet  regiment,  Philadelphia  was   all   alive  with 
v'he  resounding  music  of  the  horns,  calling  upon  all  who  had  killed  a  buck  in  fair  combat  to  accept  an  invitation  to  their  supper  of  glory.     Cm-  artist 
has,  however,  told  more  with    a   few  dashes  of  his  pencil  than  we   can   in   a  column.     The  Bucktails  were   a   splendid  set  of  fellows,  and  deserved  the 
reputation    they   achieved.      The   fight   at    Dranesville,  the  Valley  of  the   Shenandoah   and    the   battle    of    Cross  Keys    have    been    consecrated   by  1fc  "I~l- 
valor     It  will  be  remembered   that  when  Colonel  Sir  Percy  Wyndham  of  the  First  New  Jersey  Cavalry  fell  into  an  ambuscade  the  gallant  I3uckiU> 
volunteered  to  his  rescue,  and  were  terribly  cut  up.  374  \ 


r;  ^  Jfeglj1 

-""  :te"%t&^  ^ A  ;-,|f  ;f|I| 
^mrlr  "v  r^w^ 
- 


.MSA:-* 


•Mi.ii  v    3^   uKUUll*  n*. fr  TSaiisMlK :         JPV--SAV 


B^M^ 


BATTLE    OF    CHAMPION    HILLS,    MAY    IUTH,    1863— THE    FORMIDABLE    POSITION    OF 


On  the  morning  of  the  16th  of  May,  General  A.  P.  Hovey's  division,  occupying  the  right  of  McClernand's  corps,  encountered  the  Confederate  picket 
force  which  Pemberton  had   brought    together  at  Champion  Hills.     Two  batteries  which  hud  been  planted  along  a  high  ridge  were  doing  considerable  < 
hand-to-hand    fight;    but    the   arrival  of  fresh    Confederate   troops   and    the  want   of   re-enforcements   prevented    their   being   held    for   any  length    of 
Another  advance  was  then  ordered,  and  while  Pemberton's  right  was    thus   engaged  Logan's  division  attacked  his  left,  and  succeeded  in  Hanking  and 
;  .s  so  fierce  that  Stevenson's  line  became  completely  demoralized,  yielded  in  turn,  and  by  four  o'clock  the  Confederates  were  in  full   retreat  toward  the 
until  dark,  and  resulted  in  tb"  capture;  of  many  prisoners  and  arms  of  all  descriptions.     The  total  loss  iu  killed  and  wounded  on  both  sides  approximrfu 


1'KMBERTON  CARRIED  BY  GENEBALS  HOVEY,  LOGAN  AND  CROCKEK,  OF  GRANT'S  ARMY. 


erais  wunarew,  ana  remained  unuer  cover  01  tueir  artillery  tin  joinei  oy  part  or  yuimoy  s  late  division,  commanded  by  General  juarcellus  M.  Urocker.i 
t  back  in  such  manner  as  to  completely  isolate  for  awhile  the  whole  of  General  Loring's  brigade,  which  occupied  the  extreme  Confederate  right.  The  attack \ 
Sjv  River.  Just  then  the  other  division  of  McClernand's  corps  came  upon  the  scene,  and  a  pursuit  was  ordered  by  Generals  Carr  and  Osterhaus.  This  lasted  ' 


RE-ENFORCEMENTS    FOR    GRANT'S    ARMY    LEAVING    MEMPHIS,   TENN. 

Our  .-ketch  shows  the  AUfr  Jh'/tn,  a  crack  Western  steamer,  leaving  Memphis  with  rc-enforccments,  and  with  doctors,  nurses,  etc.,  for  the  wounded, 
e  WHS  in  chanre  of  the  Cincinnati  branch  of  the  United  States  Sanitary  Commission,  and  commanded  by  Mr.  R.  B.  Moore,  of  Cincinnati.  She  was 
i-ery  fast,  boat,  having  run  up  to  Cincinnati  from  Memphis  in  X'  days,  23  hours  i.nd  5  minutes.  The  scene  depicted  was  one  of  constant  occurrence, 
troops  were  pouring  daily  into  Memphis  from  all  parts. 


THE    BANKS    EXPEDITION— SCENE    ON    THE    LEVEE,   BATON    ROUGE,   LA. —CONTRABANDS    UNLOADING    MILITARY    STORES    FROM 
THE    UNITED    STATES    TRANSPORT     "NORTH    STAR,"    OVER    THE    MISSISSIPPI    STEAMER     "IBERVILLE." 

The  Iherville  had  quite  a  history  in  connection  with  the  military  operations  on  the  Mississippi.     She  was  taken  possession  of  by  the  United  States 
.iliorities  on  the  surrender   of  New  Orleans,  and  was   engaged  as  a  transport   during   the   expedition.     She   several    times   ran   the   gantlet  of  Confed- 
<ut,e  batteries  and  guerrillas.     On   one  occasion   she   suotained    a   running   fire   from    a   buttery  of  six  guns   tor   at   least   twenty  minutes,  while   passing     <^    ^§\ 
'juuldsonville,  having  four  men  killed  and  four  wo....ded,  one  oi  her  engines  disabled  and  h^r  upper  works  riddled.  c-.  >  %V 

k  — 1 _  / 


VIEW    FROM    THE    INTERIOR    OF    FOET    WALKER,    HILTON    HEAD,    S.   C.,    LOOKING    INLAND,   SHOWING    THE    DEFENSES 

FROM     THE    LAND     SIDE. 

We  have  given  so  full  a  description  of  this  fort  that  we  have  now  merely  to  add  that  our  view  was  taken  inside  the  fortification,  looking  to  th 
interior  of  Hilton  Head  Island.  Fort  Walker  was  nearly  surrounded  on  its  land  side  by  the  Federal  camp,  which  had  been  strengthened  by  earthwork 
extending  across  the  island.  Camp  Sherman  was,  therefore,  protected  by  Scull's  Creek  on  the  west,  Fort  Welles  (lately  called  Fort  Walker)  on  the  nortl 
the  Atlantic  on  the  east,  and  by  this  intrenchment  on  the  south. 


~          ~~ 


THE    ARMY    OF    THE    CUMBERLAND— WILDEE'S    MOUNTED    INFANTRY    PASSING    A    BLOCKHOUSE    ON    THE    NASHVILLE    AlO> 

CHATTANOOGA    RAILROAD. 


appears 

consisted   .  , 

mounted  by  Colonel  Wilder  in  order  to  enable  him  to  cope  with  Morgan  and  other  Confederate   guerrillas.     But  the  step  cost  the  government  nothing, 

his  horses  and  accoutrements  being  all  captured  from  the  enemy. 


•<  5    . 


K 
W 

S 
W 

o 

w 
fi 


H 
K 
C 


C  I 

K 

H 


O 


B 

F-I 

w 


w 
o 


K 
K 
H 

t»H 

C 


[z; 

rs  « 


o 
o> 


"X.' 


—         o 
•~-    '*•>  p 

Si's  - 


B  «  " 

O      *"*    rr~i 

°"    K 


fe^ 
5  ° 

pd  >• 

H  £ 

CC   H 

e  B 

<   H 
fe^ 


H 
V' 


H 


O 

e 

» 
^ 

p 

K 


C 
C 
K 
O 
cc 


H 
« 
O 

P^ 
O 


fe         c 

' 


;-S  § 


-s§: 

^5^  § 


C 


E  «  g 

"  £  Sf 
03  °  tl 

C '  r '        ;^p 

^  *"   o 
CO  fci~ 


r 


:     0  T 

C    J- 


0    S    0 
CO  _^ 


O 
S 


H 

03 
W 

i 

« 

B 
W 
H 


^  5,0 

0          ' 


->    t,    C3 
0) 

s  *^  o 


~§  I    S* 

^"  -   —  cf«^- 
§•5'-,™    o.    I 

31^3* 

^    0,  °    p    o 
CD         ..  C(q    '-*' 


E:    c 


^    ^       ^  *  Gt 

CD  ^ 

S   ^^3  S.JT         O 

•      I— -  S  O  s,. 


jf  " 

l-ir  ^ 

a  m  —  n 

§•5.  s_^"-    3 

^~    Q  ^.  . 


ef  5  M 

CD    P    p  -H 

<D     CO     ^ 


P  ^  c_i   "w 

P  CO     3 


o  K  co 


-;      H 
i.      o 


S  o 

-? 


S   ^          H 

^  1     a 

^S   2         H 


o 


H 
Q 


^         X 


^r1  :±      ;r  co 

£j     ^  ^ 

^  ^   ^   S-  H 

^•'^  O  2  ^ 

P     ,   2*  "'  kl 

<  ^s  ^ 
?2  o  1 

CD    CD    g    -"  JO 

is? r  g 


3    -i    t/3~'          EH 

O-t  p     r-f  e** 


»  =  «        £ 


3O)     S3 
00 


a  CD 

01 


,§    ,3-S 
§ 


v: 


2.S  5  c 
H~j?  g 

»"3  «4-J 

.^-     QJ 

&S.S 


HI 

o    § 


B   -2(1 

s-s 


o 

rt-   O     GO 

— '-      O 


B    JT*rt- 

II 2. 


Wa  g. 


_      OT 

s  2  - 

II 


^     O 


o 

O      O 


3  3.5'      g 

m      /^      "-f  «^* 


if1 


CD    B 
B-8 

" 


. 

B  W  c" 

«»  P  a 

j     d  v< 


. 

£,5 


S- 


8=    fD    O 
-<    I 

8  - 


.jj         B 

S  8  P 


S.B  B 

P     PJ 


GENERAL  WALTER  Q.  GHESHAM. 

General  Waiter  ().  (In-sham,  Secretary  of  State,  horn  near  Lanesvillu,  Harrison  County.  Ind..  March  17lli,  1833  ;  died  at  Washington,  D.  ('.,  May  i8t.li, 
i>9o.  He  was  c<liir;ite.1  in  country  schools,  and  spent  one  year  in  tlie  State  University  of  Bloomingion,  Ind..  lint  was  not  grailiiati>(].  Ho  then  studied 
l.iw  in  Corydon,  Ind.  ;  was  admitted  to  the  liar  in  ltC>3.  uiid  became  a  successful  lawyer.  lie  was  elected  to  tin-  Legislature  in  1800,  but  resigned  in  August, 
I8(il,  to  become  lieutenant  colonel  of  the  Thirty-eighth  Indiana  Ilegirnent.  lie  was  promoted  to  colonel  of  tho  Fifty-third  Indiana  in  December,  and  on 
A'lirist  llth,  1803,  after  the  fall  of  Yid;sbtirg,  was  made  brigailier  general  of  volunteers.  IIo  commanded  tho  Fourth  Division  of  Blair's  corps  in  the  fight 
ing  before  Allan'.;:,  ;;n  1  received  a  severe  wound  that  disabled  him  for  a  year  and  prevented  him  from  seeing  further  service.  On  March  13th,  18G5,  he  was 
!, revetted  niaj.ir  general  of  volunteers  f  >r  hi;;  gallantry  at  Atlanta.  General  Gresham  twice  ran  for  Congress,  and  was  defeated  by  Michael  C.  Kerr.  He 
accepted  President  Grant's  appointment  as  United  States  District  Judge  for  Indiana  in  1809,  and  during  tho  twelve  years  that  he  held  that  district  jndge.ship 
•  ot  one  of  his  decisions  was  reversed.  President  Arthur  called  him  from  tho  bench  -to  become  a  member  of  his  cabinet  in  1883,  und  since  that  time  Mr. 
Gieshaui  ]i;is  been  a  conspicuous  figure  in  national  politic.-;.  IIo  took  tho  portfolio  in  President  Arthur's  cabinet  left  vacant  by  the  death  of  Postmaster  Gen- 
<T:I|  Howe.  [\-rhap-3  the  most  noticeable  incident  of  his  career  as  postmaster  general  was  tho  exclusion  of  tho  Louisiana  Lottery  Company  from  tho  use  of  the 
mail.  Near  tho  do-'!  of  President  Arthur's  term,  on  tho  death  of  Secretary  Folger,  Mr.  Gresham  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  Mr.  Gresham. 
however,  longed  for  a  r-iuru  to  tho  bench,  and  i'i  tho  dosing  davs  of  the  Arthur  Administration  he  was  appointed  Circuit  Judge  to  succeed  Judge  Drummotul 
f  >:•  the  Seventh  Judicial  District.  This  was  a:i  appointment  for  life,  lie  was  a  candidate  for  tho  Republican  nomination  for  President  in  1884,  and  again  in 
IrtSS.  IIo  received  111  votes  on  tho  first  ballot  in  tho  convention  in  1888.  His  voto  rose  to  123  on  the  third  ballot,  and  then  dwindled  to  59  on  the  eighth 
and  last.  Ho  refused,  it  is  cuid,  tho  nomination  by  L'.io  People's  Party  in  1892.  Judge  Gresham  announced  his  intention  of  voting  for  G rover  Cleveland  in 
the  last  Presidential  campaign.  In  his  letter,  dated-  October  27th,  1892,  and  addressed  to  Major  H  In  ford  Wilson,  ho  announced  that  he  thought  u  Republican 
could  vote  for  Mr.  Cleveland  without  joining  tho  Democratic  party.  When  Mr.  Cleveland  was  elected  ho  offered  him  tho  first  place  in  tho  cabinet,  and  ho  be- 
ciirno  Secretary  of  State.  Mr.  Cleveland  and  Mr.  Greshain  were  old  friends,  having  met  in  the  White  House  in  1883.  His  course  as  Secretary  of  Stale  ha.-; 
been  in  accord  with  tho  policy  of  President  Cleveland.  Judge  Gresham  was  married  in  1858.  His  wife  was  a  Kentuckiau.  They  had  two  children — a  son. 
O'.to  Gresham.  and  a  daughter,  now  Mrs.  Andrews.  Judge  Gresham's  personal  appearance  was  that  of  a  handsome  man.  His  bearing  was  soldierly  and 
manly.  Ho  was  broad  and  square-shouldered,  with  a  figure  that  was  athletic  and  symmetrical.  His  hair  was  thick  and  of  a  whitish  gray,  and  he  wore  >'• 
combed  back  from  his  forehead.  He  was  somewhat  careless  in  his  attire,  and  apparently  paid  very  little  attention  to  it, 

38-1 


GENERAL    LAFAYETTE     C.    BAKER. 

General  Baker,  Chief  of  the  United  States  Secret  Service,  born  in  Stafford,  Genesee  County,  N.  Y.,  October  13th,  1826,  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
July  2.1,  18G8.  In  1848  he  went  to  Few  York  and  Philadelphia,  and  in  1853  to  San  Francisco,  in  each  of  these  cities  working  as  a  mechanic.  When 
the  lawless  element  became  dominant  in  San  Francisco,  in  1856,  General  Baker  joined  the  Vigilance  Committee  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  summary 
proceedings  that  restored  order  in  the  city.  He  went  to  New  York  on  business  in  1SC1,  expecting  to  return  at  once,  but  the  Civil  War  intervened, 
and  he  went  to  Washington  and  offered  his  services.  At  the  suggestion  of  General  Hiram  Walbridge,  of  New  York,  he  was  introduced  to  General  Scott, 
and  as  a  result  of  the  interview  he  started  on  foot  for  Richmond,  where,  in  spite  of  arrest,  imprisonment  and  several  interviews  with  Jefferson  Davis, 
while  under  suspension  as  a  spy,  he  succeeded  in  collecting  much  information  and  returning  to  Washington  after  an  absence  of  three  weeks, 
but  the  first  of  a  series  of  adventures  involving  high  executive  ability  and  a  wonderful  talent  for  tracing  conspiracy  and  frustrating  the  designs  of  Con 
federate  spies  and  agents.  He  was  commissioned  colonel,  and  subsequently  brigadier  general.  His  duties  naturally  made  him  enemies  m  influential 
quarters,  and  charges  of  a  serious  nature  were  several  times  preferred  against  him,  but  were  never  substantiated.  When  President  Lincoln  was  assas 
sinated  General  Baker  organized  the  pursuit  of  the  murderer,  and  was  {-.'-esent  at  his  capture  and  death. 

885 


l':?;   tit'! 
J        I 


, 


SaG 


GENERAL     JKRKMIAH     M.    RUSK 


General  Rusk,  born  in  Morgan  County,  Ohio,  June  17th,  1830;  died  in  1894.  He  divided  his  time  between  farm  work  and  the  acquisition  of  a 
common-school  education  till  lie  attained  his  majority,  and  in  1853  removed  to  Wisconsin  and  engaged  in  agriculture  in  Yernon  County,  lie  entered 
the  National  Army  in  1862,  was  commissioned  major  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Wisconsin  Regiment,  rose  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant  colonel,  and  served  with 
(leneral  \\illiam  T.  Sherman  from  the  siege  of  Yicksbnrg  till  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1865  he  received  the  brevet  of  brigadier  general  of  volunteers 
for  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Salkehatchie.  Beginning  with  1881,  lie  was  elected  (iovernor  of  Wisconsin  for  three  successive  terms.  During 
the  threatened  Milwaukee  riots  in  May,  1886.  he  did  good  service  by  his  prompt  action  in  ordering  the  militia  to  fire  on  the  dangerous  mobs  when  they 
attempted  to  destroy  life  and  property.  In  1889  President  Harrison  appointed  General  Rusk  Secretary  of  Agriculture. 


GENERAL  HENRY  W.  BENHAM. 

General  Benham,  born  in  Connecticut  in  1817,  died  in  New  York 
June  1st,  1884,  was  graduated  from  the  United  States  Military  Academy 
in  1837,  and  assigned  to  the  Corps  of  Engineers.  Served  in  the  Mexican 
War,  1847-'8,  and  was  brevetted  captain  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services 
in  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War,  in  1801, 
Captain  Benham  entered  upon  active  service  ;  was  on  General  Morris's  staff 
as  engineer  of  the  Department  of  the  Ohio ;  was  brevetted  colonel  for 
gallantry  at  the  battle  of  Carrick's  Ford,  July  13th,  1861  ;  in  August  was 
made  brigadier  general  of  volunteers,  and  was  engaged  in  the  Virginia 
campaigns.  In  1862  he  was  present  at  the  capture  of  Fort  Pulaski  and 
.lames  Island  ;  later  in  the  year  he  superintended  fortifications  in  Boston 
and  Portsmouth  harbors,  and  was  in  command  of  the  Northern  District  of 
the  Department  of  the  South.  He  proved  very  efficient  in  throwing  pon 
toon  bridges  across  the  Rappahannock,  the  Potomac  and  the  James  Rivers, 
and  was  in  command  of  the  Pontoon  Department  at  Washington  in  1864. 
In  March,  1865,  he  was  brevetted  brigadier  general  and  major  general, 
United  States  Army,  and  major  general,  United  States  Volunteers,  for  gal 
lant  services  during  the  Rebellion. 


GENERAL    OUVIER    GROVER. 

General  Grover,  born  in  Bethel,  Me.,  July  24th,  1829,  died  in  Atlantic 
City,  N.  J.,  June  6th,  1885,  was  graduated  from  the  United  States  Military 
Academy  in  1850,  entered  the  First  Artillery,  and  served  on  frontier  duty 
till  1853.  He  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  March  3d.  1855,  and  cap 
tain  of  the  Tenth  Infantry  on  September  17th.  1858,  serving  at  various 
Western  stations.  He  became  brigadier  general  of  volunteers  April  14th, 
1862,  and  was  transferred  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  with  which  he  took 
part  in  many  battles,  serving  with  distinction  at  the  battles  of  Williams- 
burg,  Fair  Oaks  and  Bull  Run.  Being  transferred  to  the  Department  of 
the  Gulf,  he  took  command  of  a  division  of  the  Nineteenth  Corps  from 
December  30th,  1862,  till  July,  1864  ;  was  in  command  of  the  right  wing 
of  the  army  besieging  Port  Hudson,  La.,  in  May,  1863;  and  commanded  n 
division  in  the.  •Slienandoah  campaign  from  August  to  December,  1864. 
He  was  ^ouiMted  at 'the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  on  October  19th,  186^.  awd 
brevetted— major  general  of  volunteers  on  the  same  day  for  gallantry  at 
Winchester  and  Fisher's  Hill.  On  March  13th,  1865,  he  was  brevetted 
brigadier  general,  United  States  Army,  and  major  general.  United  States 
Army,  lie  was  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service  August  24th,  1865. 


LIEUTENANT     J.    H.    RAYMOND     CAPTl'RING     THE     CONFEDERATE     FLAG     FROM     THE     BURNING    CONFEDERATE     STEAMER   "FANNY" 

ACTION     OFF     ELIZABETH     CITY,    N.    C.,    FEBRUARY    lira,    1862. 


BATTLE    OF    GRAND    COTEAU,   LA.,   NOVEMBER    to,    1863-FURIOUS    ATTACK    ON    THE    SIXTIETH    INDIANA,   COLONEL    OWEN- 

kept0themeaMa0yf  ported'  bf  ?hp1yi^yi'-aJ)Orl^8i\?0^.ltr?n?'  Under  G°Deral  Green'  attacked  in  force '  but  the  Seventeenth  Ohio  Batter 
hold  a  bridge  and  sBl  hi™,  on  ? hty^l!ird  °  "°'  th«  Six£fth  India??J  Batching  the  flank.  A  lull  soon  occurred,  and  the  Sixtieth  was  sent  fc 
mingled  in  strife  that  c  no?Z,M  S\  /?  K  *  T^'  ^  c-  "-^  d'd'  and  at  last>  by  Bllrbridge's  order,  advanced  till  friend  and  foe  were  s, 
came  to  its  a  ] ^  f  e  1  b'ck  t  he  T Wnl^ ^°  S^  b"t,  finf y  the  Sixtieth  Indiana,  with  the  Ninety-sixth  Ohio  and  the  Twenty-third  Wisconsin,  wh, 
surrounded  the  Six tv-spven ^  India  ?  P  1  l"^  ''/  ™TO  •  °De  '  GnpSy<  In  this  retrograde  movement  the  enemy's  mounted  Texan  infant,. 
Confederates  closed I  aronnd  th™  ««  «  ^ ^  ?  Bnrbridge  in  vain  endeavored  to  save  them  with  a  section  of  the  Seventeenth  Ohio  Buttery,  but  tin 
dred  men,  surrendered  to  IP  euernv  8UBpend  hl§  fire  f°r  ^  °f  killing  his  OT'n  men»  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Bushier,  with  two  bun. 

301 


BATTLE  OF  CHICKAMAUGA,  GA.,  SEPTEMBER  19TH-W)1 


Our  sketch  of  this  most  important  battle  shows  General  Thomas  and  his  staff  anxiously  looking  for  re-enforcements   as    his  gallant  troops,  frc 
and  from  destruction.     After  skirmishing  on  Thursday  and    Friday,   September  17th    and  18th,  General  RoH'criins    on    Satindjiy  foimcd    hi."    1 


from  their  fed 

herland  fnnn  destruction.  After  skirmishing  on  Thursday  and  Friday,  September  17th  and  ISth.  General  K'OM •cnins  on  Satunlay  foinud  his  line,  with  <j 
Crittendon'l  corps,  consisting  of  Palmer's  and  Van  Clove's  divisions,  formed  the  centre,  with  part  of  McCook's  on  each  side.  The  line  generally  followed  tlil 
first  attack,  and  in  a  few  moments  the  whole  division  was  forced  back.  Thomas  then  ordered  his  entire  line  to  advance,  and  Longstreet  was  driven  back  \\  I 
with  impetuosity  on  Crittenden,  and  after  a  fierce  struggle  routed  him,  and  drove  to  the  right,  in  similar  disorder,  Davis's  division,  of  McCook's  corps,  Nl 
with  Negley  and  Wood,  from  the  right,  rallying  some  of  the  routed  centre,  drove  the  enemy  back.  Before  the  deadly  fire  of  this  new  line  the  Confederates  <l 
Missionary  Ridge,  Van  Cleve,  Wood  and  Sheridan  on  the  left,  and  Thomas  more  in  the  centre.  The  fight  commenced  on  the  extreme  left,  and  the  Oonfedf  I 
took  place.  At  last  General  Reynolds  began  to  give  way,  and  Wood  was  sent  to  his  relief.  As  Davis  moved  to  fill  Wood's  place  the  Confederates  took  th 
gathered  up  the  other  portion  of  the  army  in  a  strong  line  on  Missionary  Ridge,  and  prepared  to  resist  the  last  Confederate  attack,  made  with  all  the  inspiri 
would  tell  whether  the  day's  disaster  must  close  in  irreparable  ruin  or  there  was  vet  hope  of  repulsing  the  foe.  It  was  (ini'ial  (irangi-r  with  two  fresh  brJiJ 
fell  back,  unmolested  to  liogsvilla. 


18C3,    BETWEEN    GENERALS    ROSECBANS    AND    BRAGG. 


orarv  breastwork  of  logs   and   knapsacks,  are   repulsing   the   repeated  assaults  of  thp  overpowering  Confederate  forces   and   saving  the  whole  Army  of  the  Cuni- 
1    ""  .,-..,  „  ^  •   i         i   TI  "Vegley  and  Wood    held   the   extreme    right  at  Owen's  Ford  and  Gordon's    Mill. 

Between  ten  and  eleven  A.  M.  Cranston's  brigade,  of  Brsnnan'a  division,  met  the 
it.    melting   under   the    blows  of  Thomas,  when   Polk  and  Hill  threw  their  corps 
ng~a%-icU'    giip(~in"the    Iine7  and  exposing  Thomas   to   a'  heavy  flank  'attack.     Hack    then   his  victorious  troops  returned  to  meet  the   new  enemy,  and  Thomas, 
•ywhrre  retired,  and  before  sunset  Roseerans's   army  held  its  old  line.      During   the    night    Rosecrans   feil    back  to  a  new  line,   resting  Negley  with  his  right  on 


in   the  morning,  attacked   Negley  with"  all  their  strength,  and   Longstreet  again  rolled   his  veterans  on  Thomas,  and  again  a  bitterly  contested   fight 
and    routing    them,  severed    Bosecrans's    line,  leaving   him.  with    Sheridan,  Davis   and  Wilde:,  cut    off  entirely  from    the   mass   of  his   army.     Thomas 

1  r,  line  advancing  on  t',;e  Lafayette  Road.     Every  eye  was  strained  ;  a  moment 
which  thcv  hud  gained  ;   and    thus  aided,   Tliouias  repulsed   the  enemy, 


s,  about  ten 

in   flank, ,,    ,   . 

n  of  victory  ;  but  his  men  stood  firm,  and  a  cloud  of  dust  to  the  left  soon  showed  r,  line  advancing  on  tj;e  Lafayette  RpfuL 
3,  which,  fresh  for  battle,  now  rushed  on   the   enemy  and  drove   them  from 


hil 


• 


THE     INVASION     OF     MARYLAND-GENERAL     KILPATRICK     lilvI'ULSING     THK     CONFEDERATE     STUART     AT     BOONSBOROUGH, 

JULY   STII,   18(>:i. 


'['lie   Civil   War   showed    m 
ttii>l  dismounted  cavalry.      On   t 
attacked   by   Stuart,  and   both   these   line  cavalry 
ing  a  large  number  of  prisoners  and  wagons. 


any  affairs  quite  confusing  old  ideas.  We  had  colonels  commanding  fleets  and  marines  serving  ashore,  mounted  infantry 
the  8th  of  July.  1803,  General  Kilpatrick,  who  was  endeavoring  to  cut,  of!  the  Confederate  trains  from  Gettysburg,  was 
these  fine  cavalry  officers  fought  with  their  men  dismounted,  Kilpatrick  repulsing  his  antagonist  and  subsequently  captur- 


GENERAL    McPHERSON    ENTERING    CLINTON,    MISS. 


'I'..   Facilitate   the   movements  of  the   Federal   armies    near  Chattanooga   and    divert   the   Confederate  forces  from   hastening  to  the   relief  of  Bragg 
fienend   Md'herson    marched    from  Vicksburg  on  the  15th   of  October,  1803.     On    the    17th    he^cair^  up  with    the^  enemy  in   a  strong  j>osituii  ^>n  ^ 
Canton  Road,  ten   miles  beyond  Brownsville, 
the   tall   grass  and   corn  to  the  enemy' 
Sabbath  stillness  of  the  place  as  they 

and  finally  returned  to  Vicksburg  after  destroying  Confederate  mills  atid  factories,  and  alarming  all  the  neighboring  stations. 

3M 


"icksbnrg  on  the  15th    of  October,  1803.     On    the    17th    he   came    up  with    the   enemy  in  a  strong  positmi  o     tin 

nisville,  and  after  a  short,  sharp  fight,  routed    thorn,  the   Federals  charging  gallantly  over  the  bridge  and   .lirougl! 

y's  line.     The  next  day  he  entered  Clinton,  on  the  Vicksburg  and  Jackson  Railroad.     His  gallant  troops  broke  uhc 

marched  in,  and  the  Confederates  scattered  on  nil  sides  in  flight.     General  MoPherson  then  proceeded  to  Canton/ 


GALLANT     CHARGE     OF     THE     SIXTH     MICHIGAN     CAVALRY     OVER     THE     ENEMY'S     BREASTWORKS,    NEAR     FALLING     WATERS,    Ml)., 

JULY    14-rn,   1803. 

The  exploits  of  the  Federal  cavalry  in  Virginia,.  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania  in  18(>3  would  fill  a  volume  in  themselves.  Among  the  many  gallant 
charges  there  are  few  more  brilliant  than  that  of  the  Sixth  Michigan  at  Falling  Waters,  where  they  rode,  without  drawing  rein,  right  over  the"  Confed 
erate  breastworks,  scattering  all  before  them.  The  cavalry  were  not  more  than  sixty  at  nio.st.  but  they  charged  up  a  steep  hill  in  the  face  of  a  terrific 
fire;  and  though  they  lost  in  killed  and  wounded  nearly  two-thirds  of  their  number,  they  captured  almost  the  entire  force  of  the  eneinv,  with  three 
regimental  battle  flags. 


-*         i        E: 

1-f 


• 


DESPERATE     HAND-TO-HAND     COMBAT     BETWEEN     FEDERAL     CAVALRY,   COMMANDED     BY     GENERAL     AVER1LL,    AND     STUART'S 
CONFEDERATE     TROOPS,   AT     KELLEY'S    FORD,    ON     THE     RAPPAHANNOCK,   VA.,    MARCH    17m,    1863. 

The  first  stand-up  cavalry  fight  on  a  large  scale  took  place  at  Kelley's  Ford,  on  the  Eappahannock,  on  St.  Patrick's  Day,  1863.  To  the  Federal 
general  Avenll  and  the  daring  Confederate  general  Fitzhugh  Lee  belong"  the  chief  honors  of  this  brilliant  affair.  Once  across  the  river,  a  regular 
cavalry  and  artillery  fight  took  place  between  General  Averill's  command  and  the  Confederate  forces  under  the  command  of  Generals  Stuart  and  Fitz 
hugh  Lee;  and  for  once  during  the  war  there  was  a  fair  cavalry  fight.  The  forces  opposed  to  each  other  were  about  equal  in  numbers  and  similarly 
appointed  and  equipped.  The  Confederates,  made  desperate  by  the  advance  of  Federal  troops  across  the  Rappahannock  and  upon  soil  which  they  had 
sworn  to  defend  with  the  last  drop  of  their  blood,  disputed  every  rood  of  ground.  Again  and  again  they  charged  on  the  Federal  lines,  formed  en  echelon, 
and  as  often  were  they  repulsed  in  the  most  gallant  manner.  When  the  Federals  charged  upon  the  enemy's  lines  it  was  done  with  such  impetuosity 
that  successful  resistance  was  impossible.  Sword  in  hand  they  dashed  upon  the  foe,  who,  after  attempting  to  stand  up  against  the  first  charges,  dog 
gedly  retired  before  them.  The  object  of  the  expedition  having  been  tccomplished,  General  Averill  retired  to  the  left  bank  of  the  river  without  motofr 
tat  ion  from,  the  enemy. 

39$ 


X 

W 


H 
cc 

W 

a 


w 

M 

§ 


B 
a: 


I-J 

c: 


H 

a 


w 
d 


1 

W 
CK 

O 

o 

w 

hj 
CO 

O 

M 

> 
W 

Q 
i—  i 

fe! 

O 

H 

a 


O 
O 


O 
H 
W 

K* 

H 

a 


H 
i— i 

o 


O 

X 


o 

a 


o 

a 

w 

GO 
f 


W 

1 


S&v 


:  li   '  ;  : 


II 


'Qt^2  g»Q 


%      £  &  X  O 

-P  2/si  3.  2  H..S 

£    3    —    ->    —  ~ 
P   S  o>  _ 
a  oq  &•       2  cc  = 

Pi®     _     M«  tD    2    ffl 

2  o  o  -.  a. 
to  c  ' 

?i'  tt>     _    hH  ft.  _  i> 


2  „?  -"•  ^  g: ,__ 


. 


C/q    ^'i^-          ^    CD 


-=•0        2. 


'w         2 


-'  JO     O 

S  3T          2 

O  V3      ^     .  , 

r  ^2.3  »  p 

jP»  5  5 

^.TC        S  "^  a 


,-  5  § 

-^        —        o 

ft.  a;  -  S"  a 
' 


®  ^1  -"..I  *  -M 

"i3    P    S  T3  O 

-"->       £       S       —    r^       C5 


r  —   w   C   aa  ^ 

rt  ^™  ^- 

-=    O  ^3    OT    C  SS 

o  >,  01  -  o 

o  ,=  —  —  0' 

2  =0  m  °  ~-- 

'"     o    "^^  .^  *^ 

~  ~  '-"  ™  I 


.2  ?  ~. """  S  2 


•2^   2:2   -   .; 


c    >.  x  ' 


H 

HH 

H 


a 
•si 

-H 

O 

a 


- 
s  =  "•--  2  c  >.  - 

o   ~  ~    ^ 

•^     "^     O     — ;     „      ;„     »^ 
"o  ^g    5*^    a,    •-,:=- 


c  —  c; 


402 


B  fi 

1:    V   ' 


403 


;    c,    ;_          c    p    tj 
c«          C  •*•*   o>   5         C 

i-slls*:: 

•SC   "        "   •-   « 

-.^   C    =J 


O      C    -3      O 


2  ^  p=  «  ^  «  ^ 


^  -a:  -_j    -      o    o    c 


L^  aT-g  "-£0  ~ 


—        o   »        tbJC 


g''    ~     S'rg  1-3 


2  »  cr  3T  .?  5  "s  B  S       H 

?•}         ^  f~  -       ^   ~         W 


3^^^2fM.         H 
S3  2.      F 


;.w:^¥'r; 


3    CL,  f  O  H 


">  s  i:.r  ®  -j  p?      M 


l&llsr^  I 

P  _  ro  oA  = 


s  g.,  p  i;        HJ 


__._w?_      £-5       O       / 


™          . 
o  i*_~-      _^  -  «=  ^ 

~ 


^~—  o  2  «•  = 


g  c^.  CD  a    CT  »  t^ 

3     _  —-  "1     Gn_    ^_  »-.  J3  >-i 


~  -  —  o  2  —  S 
r  ='2       —  x  "• 
5  •=  ^  ?  ^  •§ 


KKNKKAL     THOMAS     J.    (STONKWALL)     .1ACKSOM. 

General  Jackson,  born  in  Clarksburg.  W.  Va..  January  21st,  1824,  died  at  Chancellorsville,  Vu.,  May  10th,  18G3.  was  graduated  from  the  United 
States  Military  Academy,  in  IS-l'i.  lie  was  ordered  to  Mexico,  became  u  lieutenant  in  Magrnder's  battery,  and  took  part  in  General  Scott's  campaign 
from  \'era  Crux  to  the  eiiy  of  Mexico.  Ik-  was  twice  brevetted  for  good  conduct  at  Churubusco  and  Chapultepec.  He  resigned  from  tbe  army  in 
]Sf>l,  on  Ins  election  as  professor  of  philosophy  and  artillery  tactics  in  Virginia  Military  Institute.  A  few  days  after  the  secession  of  Virginia  lie  took 
command  <>f  the  troops  that  were  collecting  at  Harper's  Ferry,  and  when  Virginia  joined  the  Confederacy,  a  few  weeks  later,  be  was  relieved  by  General 
Joseph  !•'..  J.. mi-ton,  and  then  became  commander  of  ;i  brigade  in  Johnston's  army,  which  rank  lie  held  at  the  battle  of  Bull  linn.  For  his  conduct 
on  that  occasion  he  was  made  major  general,  and  in  November,  ]8G1,  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  district  that  included  the  Sheiiandoah  Val 
ley  and  the  portion  <>f  Virginia  northwest  of  it.  In  1862  Jackson  defeated  Banks  at  Front  Royal  and  Winchester,  Fremont  and  McDowell  at  Cross 
Shields  at  I'ort  KVpublic.  Fit/.john  Porter  at  Gaines's  Mill,  Banks  at  Cedar  Run  and  Pope"  at  the  second  Bull  Run.  He  invested  and  captured 
Harper's  Ferry  with  ]  3.(H)0  prisoners,  and  joined  Lee  at  Autietam.  lit-  defeated  Hooker  at  Chaiicullorsville,  where  he  received  his  death  wounds,  acci 
dentally,  at  the  hands  of  his  own  men. 


GENERAL    JOHN     H.    MOKUAN. 

General  Morgan,  born  in  Huntsville,  Ala.,  June  1st,  182G,  died  near 
Greeneville,  Tenn.,  September  4th,  18G4.  He  served  in  the  War  with  Mex 
ico  as  first  lieutenant  in  a  cavalry  regiment.  At  the  opening  of  the  Civil 
War  he  entered  the  Confederate  Army  as  captain  of  the  Kent.icky  Volun 
teers,  and  joined  General  Simon  B.  Buckner  at  the  head  of  the  Lexington 
Rifles.  During  the  winter  of  1862-'3  he  commanded  a  cavalry  force  in 
'i'-neral  Braxton  Bragg's  army,  and  greatly  annoyed  General  Roseerans's 
outposts  and  communications.  He  soon  began  a  series  of  raids  in  Ken 
tucky,  which  made  it  necessary  to  garrison  every  important  town  in 
the  State.  In  18G2  he  was  appointed  major  general.  In  1803  he  headed 
a  bold  and  extensive  raid  into  Kentucky,  Ohio  and  Indiana,  but  was  capt- 
tured  and  imprisoned  in  the  Ohio  Penitentiary.  He  escaped  by  digging 
his  way  out  in  November,  18G3,  and  then  undertook  a  raid  in  Tennessee. 
While  at  a  farmhouse  near  Greeneville,  Tenn.,  he  was  surrounded  by  Fed 
eral  troops  under  General  Gillem,  and  in  attempting  to  escape  was  killed.  406 


GENEEAL    K1CHAKD    8.   EWELL. 

General  Ewell,  born  in  Georgetown,  D.  C.,  February  8th,  1817,  died 
in  Springfield,  Tenn.,  January  25th,  1872,  was  graduated  at  the  United 
States  Military  Academy  in  1840;  served  in  the  Mexican  War,  and  was 
promoted  captain,  August  4th,  1849.  When  the  Civil  War  began  he  re 
signed  his  commission,  entered  the  Confederate  Army,  and  was  actively 
engaged  throughout  the  war.  lie  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major 
general,  and  fought  at  Black  burn's  Ford,  July  18th,  and  at  Bull  Run, 
July  21st,  1861.  In  the  following  year  he  distinguished  himself  under 
General  Jackson.  He  lost  a  leg  at  Warrenton  Turnpike,  on  August  28th, 
1862.  When  Jackson  was  fatally  wounded  ut  Chancellorsville,  Ewell,  at  the 
former's  request,  was  promoted  to  lieutenant  general  and  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  Second  Corps.  At  the  head  of  Jackson's  veterans  he  fought 
valiantly  at  Winchester,  at  Gettysburg,  and  at  the  Wilderness  on  the  Con 
federate  left.  He  was  captured,  with  his  entire  force,  by  Sheridan,  at 
Sailor's  Creek,  April  6th,  1866.  After  the  war  he  retired  to  private  Jife. 


BANKS'S    EXPEDITION— BURNING    OP    THE    STATE    CAPITOL    OP    LOUISIANA,   BATON    ROUGE,   TUESDAY    NIGHT,   DECEMBER    30m,   18CS 

^'1  . 

/ 


THE    WAE    IN    TENNESSEE— FEDERAL    PICKETS    APPROACHED    BY    CONFEDERATES    IN    CEDAR    BUSHES    NEAR    CHATTANOOGA. 

pur  sketch  shows  the  Confederate  device  for  shooting  down  the  Federal  pickets.     We  have  here  not  a  whole  wood  marching,  but  single  trees  moi 
dusky  twilight,  continuously  and  stealthily,  that  their  onward  movement  may  be  taken  for  the  mere  swaying  of  the  trees  in  the  wind.     Bu 
lie  pickets;  in  the  third  year  of  the  war  were  keen  of  eye  and'  quick  of  ear,  and  the  hand  on  the  trigger  tells  that  some  will  fall  ip  their  cedar  coffir 
3  with  no  other  cerements  of  the  grive  and  tnolder  away  amid  the  crags  and  woods  of  that  wild  territory. 


\ 


THE    WAR    IN    TENNESSEE-HOOKER'S    BATTLE    ABOVE    THE    CLOUDS,    AND    C 


The  wild   mountains  of  Tennessee,  where  nuture  revels  in  producing  the  most  fantastic  forms,  ami   piling   rocks    upon   rocl  3,  forms   one   of  the    n 
combatants,  the  flash  and  the  ro:ir  of  the  guns  appearing  to  the  spectators  in  the  plain  below  like  the  lightning  an, I    the  thunder  of  heaven.     J5y  eia 

Vtnt-nV.isi  D.-.4.       l._,  f*  t  *  .  1      •  j  1  1        »,  .    *•  .  .«     .  *  * 


hatchie.     l?nt  here,  filing  his  troops  to  the  left,  General  IIook.T  began  the  difficult  task 

formed  the  front. ^vith   (in-ciic's  brigade  of  .New    York  troops  on  the  right.      General   Hooker  then  formed  ;;  second   line  of  the  two    brigades  of  the  F< 


of  the  ascent  of  the  mountain.     The,  head  of  the  column,   h; 


aid  any  part  of  the  line  which  might  need  it.  Thus  arranged,  the  corps  was  ordered  forward,  with  a  heavy  line  of  skirmishers  thrown 
hend  the  situation  Colonel  Ireland's  skirmishers  had  penetrated  far  toward  the  point  of  the  mountain,  and  got  in  :i  heavy  lire  upoi 
the  Confederates  on  Lookout  Moi  itain  opened  a  heavy  lire  upon  each  other,  and  soon  the  wh 


out,  and    mar' 

got  in  a  heavy  lire  upon    the  eremy.  '.* 
mountain  was    hid    from  view  in  Chattanooga    b 


behind  jutting  rocks  and  from  trees.     Holding  Ireland's  right  well  against  the  palisades,  Geary  threw  Kennedy  forward  on  the   left,  and  he,  after  bein 
mountain,  at  Craven's  House.     General  Geary  swung  around  until  his  line  was  parallel  with  that  of  the  enemy,  and  again  advanced,  but  being  u  at  by  < 
they  lacked  numbers  to  man  them,   having  lost  severely.     They  \fere  compelled  to  expose  their  right  flank.      Hooker  then  sent  the  Eighty-fourth  and 
centre.     '  ^eai j  luri.eu  thuir  left,  as  Osturhaub  did  the  enem/a  rikht,  aii.l    theu,  with  one  charge  of  the  whole  liue,  ilooker  carried  the  position. 


OP    THE    CONFEDERATE    POSITION    ON    LOOKOUT    MOUNTAIN,    NOVEMBER    24rH,    1863. 

rid  free    on    the   land,  have   been    the   scene   of   one   of    the    mos-t    extraordinary  battles  in  history;    a  battle  fougTit  r/ith  the  mists  ana  clouds  rolling  beneath  the 
*•  ""   J-uesday,  November  24th,  Hooker's   column  was   moving    up  Lookout  Valley,  and,  to  the"  surprise  of  the  enemy,  disappeared  in  the  woo1?  south  of  Wan- 
shed  the  palisades,  went  into  line  '_f  battle  facing  to  the  north,  and  with  the  rig  lit  resting  against  the  palisades  stretched  down  the  mountain.     Geary's  division 
ich    had  been   sent   him,  placing  Whittak^-  on  the  right  and  Grose  on  the  left.     General  Osterhans  formed  a  third  line,  and  held  himself  in  readiness  to 
the  slope  of  the  .idge,  soon  came  upon    the  rear  of  the  enemy,  who  were   taken  completely  by  surprise.     Before    those  at  the  foot  of  the  hill   could  compre- 
to   escape   up  the  hill,  while   the   Federals   assaulted   them  from    above.     At   the  same   time  the   Federal    batteries  on  Moccasin   Point  and    those  of 
smoke  which  rose  above  and  around  it.     The  enemy  made  but  little  organized  resistance,  yet  their  skirmishers  for  a  long  time  kept  up  a  heavy  fire  from 
irced  by  Grose,  the   enemy  on  the  point  of  the  mountain  gradually  gave  way  and  fell  back  in  some  disorder  to  the  line  of  breastworks  on  the  east  slope  of  the 
R?1!,   TIT        le°fPl1  re8istance>  for  a  time  recoiled.     The  enemy  were  now  in  strong  position,  Craven's  House  being  the  centre  of  a  line  of  heavy  breastworks;  but 
iftn  Illinois  to  hold  the  road   across  the  mountain,  and   advanced   on  the   enemy,  with  Geary  on   the   right,  Osterbaus  on  the  left,  Whittaker  and  Grose  in  the 


THE     \VAlv     IN     LoflSlAXA     T1IK     AliMl    OF     (iKNKltAL     BANKS     CKOSSING     VEEJriLION     BAYOU,    OCTOBEK     !()TH,    18C3. 

Our  artist  presents  a  view  of  the   I'Ydeml  arniy  under  General    linnks  crossing  Vermilion    Bavou  on  October  lOtli,  18C3.      He    reached  it  on  the  9th, 

shelled    the  shores,  and  meeting  no  response,  ordered    his  engineers  to  lay  the    pontoon    bridges,  on  which    the    forces 
crossed,  as  shown  in  our  engraving. 


THE    WAR    IX     rilSSISSIPPI— GENERAL    MrPHEKHON'S    ARMY    CROSSING    THE    BIG    BLACK    AT    MESSENGER'S    FERRY,    THl'RSDAY, 

OC3TOBER     15TH,    18(33. 

nfedenites  bognn  to  concentrate  nil   their  available  forces  before  Rosncrans  at  Chattanooga  n  diversion  was  made  by  General  JfcPlierson, 
a  an  expedition  into  Mississippi  as  far  as  Canton,  and  compelled  them  to  sacrifice  much  or  change  their  plans.     The  alarm  caused  was  beneficial. 
Plierson,  whom  the  Confederates  learned  to  respect  at  Vicksbnrg,  moved   rapidly  and  struck  severely.     Our  sketch  represents  the  army  cross 
ing  by  bridge  und  ford  the  Big  Black,  at  a  place  o»'led  Messenger's  .Ferry,  ou  Thursday,  Oetobw  15th. 

41o 


. 
^  W 

- 


Wl,  . '••/*$•'  '  ^:;  ^4  f  '^ 


THE    INVASION    OF    PENNSYLVANIA— WOKK1NG    ON     THE    FOKTIFICATIONS    NEAli    HAKK1SBUKG,   PA.,  JUNE    IOTH,   1863. 

Our  artist  gives  a  view  of  the  citizens  of  Hamsbui-g  laboring  on  the  fortifications  of  that  city,  showing  the  tardy  but  ineffective  preparations  insnle. 
Meanwhile  the  New  York  regiments,  all  accustomed  to  military  drill  and  evolution,  some  already  tried  by  actual  service,  were  hurrying  to  the  scene  of 
action  ;  and  oil  these  men,  till  the  War  Department  could  assign  regulars  or  volunteers,  depended  the  safety  of  Pennsylvania. 


THE  WAK  IN  GEORGIA— STEVENSON,  ALA.,  DEPOT  FOR  GENERAL  KOSECRANS'S  ARMY. 

The  campaign  of  General  Rosecrans  brought  him  to  a  district  where  it  was  not  easy  to  remember  the  State  in  which  places  were.  Chattanooga, 
the  obj3ct  of  the  struggle,  was  in  Tennessee;  but  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  was  fought  in  Georgia,  and  Rosecrans's  depot  of  supplies  was  in  Alabama 
As  a  man  may  actually  stand  in  three  States,  we  may  credit  the  assertion  that  from  Lookout  Mountain  your  eye  can  discern  seven  of  the  sovereignties 
of  the  New  World.  In  the  railroad  line  from  Memphis,  which  at  Cleveland  branches  to  Lyuchburg,  Raleigh,  "Charleston,  Savannah  and  Montgomery, 
Stevenson  is  an  -mportant  point,  as  there  a  railroad  from  Nashville  cou.es  in. 


41! 


jtlj,,,,,,,, 


•feT^w^ae"  ? 


412 


s 

ce 


X 

h- 

o: 

- 
& 


< 
PS 


C 

K 

^ 
<•, 

K 
W 

P 


B 
K 


PC 

0 


a 
c 

s 

Hi 

i 


c 

P3 

GO 
EH 

5 

PS 

w 


M 
M 


W 


o 
a 


M 


O 

cc 


a 

H 


2! 

§ 


§ 


00 

g 

as 


s 


H 

w 


O 

d 


a 
w 

HH 
t> 


;Y*' 


.  i 

1     1  ;.' 


41S 


II 


.    .  ^"  i ''         '     •Tf-  su 
),  m 

*         <  "tp^b^^'^ii^ 


«    B    ®    >•.*-"»    <C 

^=  J  j=  ^  -5  2  .a 
- 


•S  60O.S  « 

?.5  ,.     -| 

•-•  C   o!  'Z  — 


o 


a,~  O  &-£:  — 
d-S-^S  a>^  „ 
O  r3  .  —  i  ^G  a;  .~ 


aj  JJ  s  °  :»  i 

o  "5  °  "3  -^  <u  3 


v  liiiiiij 

2'       2  5  "  5  o  ~ 

i-3      **  °  =  «n  'S  £/i-i  °£ 
p       g  — C^tl  °  «      •= 

*  C  "  ^  ^^^    r*       •  -*— ' 

SO  O          «5  •**  .G 

-/r  •  •"  *  =  ~  tj 

i"i      ^  ^.  °°      -=.—  bf.— 
^  S  c  -^  E-1      's'^ 

>•     -^"-^  S  J2    _  .£  c  ^ 


»:  £  c.»:  >  * 

f_l  £          rC3CC:-tia>>    — 

K         CO       .  *    _     SJ  ~    i."~ 


^  I      O 


O 

a 

fcn 


>-H          r^^  ,_„  ^_  Q^     C   Jp- 

~      WJ   *Zj      O      r—      Q    •  — 


COQ 

®  =  n 


~  °  <u  S  £ 
-e j=^  ™ & 

CZ  -t-j  •" 


^     ^  "c  •  ^j  *  .S  ^  .« 

W  "5-Jo=^c 

33       oT=       c._S~r^ 


S  =  o 


r- 

E     S 


*ir  iv  &      ^')--  5  >-»5  c  K 

M\IN  O       ^o-^sS0^ 

1^  ^-bc=g.^ii 


iz;    cc-S'5'g  g  "'=.» 


c 
b£ 


o    =1  *  ^ 


W      "^.^2^-5  =  ,; 
O2       >,  -  —  c  T;  -T-r  ^ 


c-S^C-jo^J 
^  *  -^  c  ^  .§  S  _s 

"S "~  '£.**"  -  bc  -  ^ 
g     « _o  c  i-~  £.=  c 

2     I  « || '5 <;  | °- 

M      I-*   C^       ?• 

F^  ^*~^      QJ  «-~"  r^  ^ 

5      -^'.Jj-gS 

w  iilli2^! 

x    -fS^.-^  rt^  * 

*""  .£1    O  cS  ^    iZ 


C  w        a>  a 
«  o  -3       _M  i.   e 

r-  -t_>  .—       .  .—  — 

ot''- 


°  "S  o  •"  -  "  o  5" 

mkc3^=    w    •    S   g.2 
S    m    O  ~  -^  £ 


- 
-DO 


414 


1 

- 


GENERAL    BENJAMIN    H.    GIUEESON. 


General  Grierson  was  born  in  1'ittsburg,  1'u.,  July  8th,  1820.  At  an  early  age  he  removed  to  Trumbull  County,  0.,  and  was  subsequently  engaged 
in  the  produce  business  at  Jacksonville,  111.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  he  became  aid-de-camp  to  General  Prentiss  ;  was  made  major  of  the 
Sixth  Illinois  Cavalry,  in  August,  1801;  became  colonel.  March  28th,  1862,  and  commander  of  a  cavalry  brigade  in  December.  He  was  engaged  in 
nearly  all  the  cavalry  skirmishes  and  raids  in  Western  Tennessee  and  Northern  Mississippi,  and  in  April,  1863,  made  a  successful  cavalry  raid  from  La 


Grange  to  Baton    Kongo    to    facilitate  General    Grant's  operations   about  Vicksburg.     lie    became    a    brigadier  general    of  volunteers    on  .June    3d, 
major  general,   May  27th,   1865;   colonel    of  the    Tenth  United    States  'Cavalry,  July  28th,  1866;  and  was  brevetted  brigadier   and    major   general,  United 
(States  Army,  March  2d,  1867,  for  his  expedition  of  December,  1864,  against  the  Mobile  and  Ohio  Kailroad. 


416 


GENERAL    BENJAMIN    HARRISON. 

General  Benjamin  Harrison,  twenty-third  President  of  the  United  States,  was  born  at  North  Bend,  Ohio,  August  20th,  1833  ;  was  graduated  at 
Miami  University  in  Ohio  in  1852  ;  studied  law  in  Cincinnati,  and  in  1854  removed  to  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  was  elected 
Reporter  of  the  State  Supreme  Court  in  I860,  and  in  1862  entered  the  army  as  a  secoud  lieutenant  of  Indiana  Volunteers.  After  a  short  service  he 
organized  a  company  of  the  Seventieth  Indiana  Regiment,  was  commissioned  colonel  on  the  completion  of  the  organization,  and  served  through  the 
war.  receiving  the  brevet  of  brigadier  general  of  volunteers  on  January  23d,  1805.  He  then  returned  to  Indianapolis,  and  resumed  his  office  of 
Supreme  Court  Reporter,  to  which  he  had  been  re-elected  during  his  absence  in  1864.  In  1876  he  was  the  Republican  candidate  for  Governor  of 
Indiana,  but  was  defeated  by  a  small  plurality.  President  Hayes  appointed  him  on  the  Mississippi  River  Commission  in  1878,  and  in  1880  he  was  elected 
United  States  Senator,  taking  his  seat  on  March  4th.  1881.  He  was  Delegate  at  Large  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  in  1884.  On  June  19th, 
1888,  at  Chicago,  111.,  and  on  the  eighth  and  final  ballot,  he  had  received  544  votes  to  118  for  John  Sherman,  100  for  Russell  A.  Alger,  59  for  Walter 
Q.  (Jreslmm,  5  for  James  G.  Blaine  and  4  for  William  MeKinlev,  as  the  candidate  of  that  party  for  President.  The  nomination  was  made  unanimous,  and 
in  November  he  was  elected,  receiving  233  votes  in  the  Electoral  College  to  168  for  Grover  "Cleveland.  He  was  duly  inaugurated,  March  4th,  1889. 


417 


"XV 


^tl  .W 


ii^iir 


™  m 


A 

•-, 

a 
- 

H 


a     ,3 


o 


"* 
CO        co 

O 

M        •« 

^        r? 


« 
O 


o 


^        S 


'c 
5 


<!       T 
W        >. 

a     - 


02 


- 

tm 
C 


w 
x 
w 


1-1         s 

g    1 


K 


k 

0> 

' 


03 

I 


rtib 


ft 

1    B 


ESS. 
».  i 


^J.t-^     O 

D    ~-~ 


»  3  o- 

§11 

P    CD 


I 

w 

K 


ts 

H 


CD 
t"1 


C/3 

o 
d 

H 

ffi 


3  M.B 

§  3  & 

3  g-o 

3  —  B 

P  O      (Tf- 

5  2   tr 

B  £,« 


W 


5s  I'd 

£®  w  — • 
so    =•'-< 

3  2-^ 

III 

p  o  o 

3    rt-  M, 

P    CD    O 


O  P 


H  M 

»    H 

>.  M 


»  O 

!>  O 

!z!  hi 

H  X 
OC 


H 


^^ 

3    p    O 
CO  <S    8» 


CO 

0 
- 


CB    B 


n>  - 
3  P 


2"   CD 


2  3 


CD     B 

Is, 

If? 

«•« 

g  o 


W 
H 


W 
O 

W 
P 

O 

w 

H 
W 
H 


fe 
H 


> 

g 

o 


g 


f  tn 
O  ^ 
k.  P 
H6"  3 

Is 


o  ^. 


I 


1 


P          rc  O 

CQ  <^f 


H       o  5 

W       E-= 

PH         £    :- 

o  f— 

C      's  rt 


EH  ~ 

^  8 

O  — 

M  5 


to 


o  .S 


cc 

I 

<! 
C 


K 
K 


!z; 

O 


o 

PH 


C 


x^        "   o 

[•H  ^1   '  »      cu 

w     "  s— 


PS 

« 

-r; 
O 

| 
c 


-  SE  bo 
..  -~  <c 

111 


I    31' 


(S 
C 


K 


—         . 

s 


>   es1"1 

J=  -C    (C 


In; 

H       C^  o 


§  4 

C      -r 


•--= 


B      £' 
K 


j_    —  pj 
a.   a) 


w 

K 
H 


?  s  s 
fe  c  bo 


c   a/ 
c  >- 


•- 

c: 

.=: 

:p-  -"   a) 


| 

wo 


* 


E:  » 
-  '•=.•*.£. 
f>  ~  5=  .  3"  s< 

Km  K  •*•  r 


-        _ 
=    -    5  T5    g    C    O 


4*2 


flif 

5'  S   "  a 

16        ™  p 

^"*  £3      GQ      ,-^ 

p    "    ^-    O 


2Sffi 


<-T5   —  n  M 

=3   o   °   §  H 

E?  P  8  x 

f'o""^'  Q 

0  =  *,  5T  H 


? 


M 
M 

5'     a 

?     ^ 

w 

t>     Q 


c^«  § 


M.S.5-^  ^ 

<-t  — •  —."3  a 

0  2.2-M  > 

5*CS'  § 

q:^  ?<»  2 

-r  Si  CD   ="  ra 

CD  ^ 

o  8°  S  s  'T- 

5  3'.  J  3  H 

•     a  _  3  W 

coll? 

<D     CD     ^  (D  (X 

g- r=-  s 

3  g  o  2  o 

"*  ""  S^  m 

Pig  « 

p      2  5 

Sl     CB     rt-   ® 


w 


3^  P 

CD    ^    p    "^ 


2.  !» 


^    * 

s3  x 


•^       O 
•  :*       o 

W 

GO 


W 
H 


__ 

CD  O 

**       $ 

_  ^cr       H 

CD     CD     ^r  hH 


o  o  S5  "•        W 

i*n    rr^  .  .  •• 


ffl 


*^  •+  c+-  O 

CD  „     CO  H 

f«  JO  f°  M 

CD  — *  -»  (H 


y  s  -     S 

g  3  "      i" 

^  s  i 

3  §  S 

S-  c 
i  3  S- 

Ur 

5°  o  ^ 


&    O  £S 

t-;>  t»  —* 

CD     CD  3 

—  CD 

CD    ^D  ^j 
"-*    E2 


1^1 


glffi 


1 


THE    WAR    IN    VIRGINIA—  SHERIDAN'S    GREAT    'BATTLE    WITH    J.   E    15    STUART 

iTV*  '"'  i°?]mire>  of  the  bilttlc  of  Ye"""  Tavern,  May  Llth,  1SC4.  where  OeneralJ.  E.  I?.  Sf,,,,rt.  whoso  fame  I 

ge     ra  I  onle  o«l  Cnstc  i       I,          n";   ,'J<:fe"18C8-    ,  '  hc  P08^1011   Wlls  !l  8t'-°»g  ""«•  »Hsi..p  situated  upon  a  hill,  com.Man.lina  oiir  whole  corps,  an.l  our  pn, 

n  ,   „  miti       -md  1  !T     b,VK'MlC  f";'  CaTf;y  the  pOS1,t10"-     Geneni1  Cll8ter  V]*('"]  hiniself  !lt  tllu  heil<1  of  bit  command,  and   with  drawn  Liu 

T  '""'"'  Wa8'  WI")1It  excePliu"'  the  '""st  Hl«»'-  charRC  of  the  raid,  and    when  it  became  known  .imoni; 


'wM  '  ,  '  '""s  «»-  carRC  o        e  ra,  an      wen    t     ecame      nown  .imoni; 

U.IOM,  under  General   U.lson,  was  hotly  engapod   with  Stuart.     General   Wilson  sent  word  to  General  Sher.dan  that  the  e,H 

- 


, 

i,       m  T"1   tb°  V"-*l""^e,  charge,!   the  enemy  and  drove  them   nearly  a  mile.     The  day  was  now  ours.     The  or 

«.!.  wiuiuiu  being  auuoyed  by  the  enemy."     In  a  desperate  charge  at  the  ).«».!  of  n  column  the  Confederate  general  S> 


YELLOW     TAVERN,   MAY     lira.    1864  -THE     CONFEDERATE     RAIDER'S     LAST     FIGHT. 

ri  by  a  successful  raid  around  McCli-llan,  fell  mortally  wounded.  Our  correspondent  wrote:  "We  found  the  enemy  very  strongly  intrenched  behind  fortifications 
ition  depended  on  our  driving  them  out.  General  Sheridan  was  equal  to  trie  emergency.  The  enemy  was  already  pursuing  us  closely  in  the  rear.  The 
ind  deafening  dicers  charged  directly  in  the  face  of  a  withering  fire,  captured  two  pieces  of  artillery,  upward  of  one  hundred  prisoners,  together  with  caissons, 
corps  cheer  after  cheer  rent  the  air.  The  Confederates  retreated  behind  the  Chickahominy,  destroying  in  their  Might  Meadow  Bridge.  In  the  rear,  Colonel 
were  driving  him  slowly  back.  General  Sheridan  replied  that  he  must  hold  the  position  at  all  hazards— that  he  could  and  must  whip  the  enemy.  Colonel 
'  had  disappeared  from  our  front,  and  we  succeeded  in  rebuilding  the  Meadow  Bridge,  and  the  First  and  Third  Divisions  crossed,  covered  bv  the  Second  Division, 
t  fell  mortally  wounded. 


tstatt* 

^x  ^    * 


^»<3S«Sg*fj§s 

«  h  ^s^-sH  "•£ 


.       gJ—Se^^^J!,,., 

tS         C  ^3    ^    >-> — '    $>    :.-,,  "3    ia    Q 
g         OJ^eBETgSSaB-g 

B"     s  g  3  S  -^  J=  j=  -u-  S  •- 
r-i *a  ""  *" .S  "" -ti  =~  ^ 


17^.-  H*  C-i-JCS«>t-'C3Ori: 

i"°vt          °  -^"r3Coo'0>> 

V  CDtH:rH*"'+S5BO  O- 

)\  HN  ~       ^       ^  r^       =^       O     -U    r^       "      -*-J 

.-  '  O      ^  5  g^  *  „  G3  e  -2  -  1 


1    v-  >       v          i    .  :i    i       ';    f»a™  •  s • 

j,  .f  4,    ^ :  -  - 


^M^S^^^ 


-^"g'g^    -S-gQ 


-E'C'S  S  c^          £ 

"  '' 


5CH***'oSO         -*^ 

Uj  -S  O       .   X     „   •"     to    P5    CB 


II 

a  -a 


o 


_  c 

.2  "" 

"o  d, 

s  » 

S  £ 

o  = 

o  z 


o  > 
[o  2 

CO       • 


s  «ro 


21 
O 
OJ 


EH 

M 
O 


o      ? 

tn  ^  r^    -*-3 

"'I  § 
cc      "3  5  tc 

•"1  C    c 

a      2*"^ 

e  S  c 

?  i  0^ 
3  "-^  S 
o  *"  =  5 


k  g     3     3 

03 


PH 

o 


- 


I.  ~-i 

c3  *3  g 

C  ®  * 

°  a  2 


•=.  3  S 
"^  ^ 


0-grH 


m 


B  SLre  g 
2032. 
S  3  5  B 


t»  3  ^ 

3  2  S- 

ft 


(6    O    ^  O 


.  2  2, 

B  ? 

cr      <-••  s 

GO  ET  ' 

5  fe!0 

0!« 


<n   o"  3 


W 

s 

i 

H 

Q 

O*  c"*"  'rT  " 

A  55  ^"^ 

o>         "          O 

^  "3  =,  5      d 

B         5  Crq 

'  S*3  5-     o 


B  H 

SLO        a 


w 
d 


3.5  2.      a 

g  ?  -     H 


1^'a     a 


b 

a 
H 
o 
w 

o 


„ 

•—  '  '"'*'-  ' 


OQ    »    p 

-r  —   o 


fc-*    OT    co  :   . 

;n  H 

o  2  K-       W 


3       M        bd 


M     r-b  O 

?"  2  — 


O   2.=- 
i-o  ET 

j±  2  - 
tt  ? 


S 
I" 

— ' 
00 


JO    3 

• 


•g"-0 

O9     tt      ^ 

<D  -1 


B    S'g 

' 


429 


x  -'^  ^SfwwCaJSBfejK  •»:£-.! 


a 


" 


73  JC,  N     -;   p-  -       "=&- 

fflft  ; 


i ; 
!  J 

nSt--  ! 

,^ 


' 


430 


O    O    85 


. 

re        IS   re 


c    P-< 


™ 

~  tr  o 

u  -.  (~r 


P^  o~2. 


12.  t»    5    O 


"3-aI 


5 

—  pr  o 

' 


^    re 
'  3  ss 


5   s5   ^  C5 
H-OS  si  p 


E.2  2  O 


5  =|l 
2        O  „ 


r-»-    •-*      ^^  l-t» 

re   3   o 
•  dig 
03         »—> 
3-  w  O    S 

LS-^O 


•"*       i     1    ^J    I—1 

o   Ho  oo 


r! 


431 


43£ 


CO 
I— I 

a 
Q 

M 
O 


t 

O 


a 


1-3 


a 


CO 

O 


B 
H 


GO 

O 


O 


- 


Q 

cc 


Q 
W 


H 

a 


B 

(-1 
B 


d 


433 


1 1  FINS    OF    CONFEDEEATE    FOET    ON    THE    SOUTHEAST    SIDE    OF    ATLANTA,   WITH    CHEVAUX-DE-FRISE    AND    ABATIS    IN    FRONT. 


THE   WAB    IN    VIRGINIA— EXPLOSION    OF    A    TORPEDO    UNDER    THE   "COMMODORE    BARNEf,"  ON    JAMES    RIVER,   AUGUST    4™,   1863. 


434 


THE    CAMPAIGN    ON    THE    JAMES    HIVEB  -GENERAL    BUTLER    LANDING    AT    FORT    PAWHATAN. 


FARRAGUT'S    NAVAL   VICTORY    IN    MOBILE    HARBOR-THE    "HARTFORD"    ENGAGING    THE    CONFEDERATE    RAM    -TENNESSEE.' 


433 


- 


\ 


'     ,'  -  -^Y *    *-  *r-  '^--r  ~y 

'-':"-  ',,  ,-_-L3  \~^*^.1- 
~ — SV-      "  -"^    > 


BATTLE    OF    RESACA,    GA.,   MAY    l-lni,    1804— GEAR  ir'S    SECOND    BRIGADE    CHARGING    UP    THE    MOUNTAIN. 


v,  T-  - 


SHEEMAN'S    CAMPAIGN— THE    CAPTURE    OF    BUZZARD'S    ROOST    AT    HOVEY    GAP,   GA.,   MAY    STH,   1864 

43Q 


THE    WAR    IN    VIRGINIA— 


THE     EIGHTEENTH     AEMY    CORPS     STORMING    A     PORT     ON     THE     RIGHT     OF     THE     CONFEDERATE    LINE 
BEFORE    PETERSBURG,   JUNE     15-ru,    18G4. 


THE   WAR    IN    VIRGINIA-THE    TWENTY-SECOND    COLORED    REGIMENT,   DUNCAN'S    BRIGADE,   CARRYING    THE    FIRST    LINE 

OF    CONFEDERATE   WORKS    BEFORE    PETERSBURG. 

437 


,       , 


SHEKMAN'S    CAMPAIGN     IN    GEORGIA— THE    BATTLE    OF    KESACA. 


SIEGE    OF    PETERSBURG— THE    COLOKED    INJf'AflTKk     lUUNCil.NU    IN     CAPTUHEJ)    GUNS    AMID    CHEERS    OF    THE    OHIO    TKOOPS, 

HI 


SHERMAN'S    SEVENTEENTH    CORPS    CROSSING    THE    SOUTH    EDISTO    RIVER,   S.  C.,  ON    PONTOONS,   AT    BENNAKER'S    BRIDGE, 

FEBRUARY     <JTH,    1865. 


THE    CAMPAIGN    IN    GEORGIA-A    BAGGAGE    TRAIN    CROSSING    THE    MOUNTAINS    IN    A    STORM. 


439 


BOMBARDMENT  OF  PORT  HUDSONE 


ASSAULT    OF    THE    SECOND    LOUISIANA    COLORED    REGIMENT    01 

440- 
..„., 


># 


DMIRAL  FARRAGUT'S    FLEE 


BE    CONFEDERATE    WORKS    AT    PORT    HUDSON,   MAY    27TH,    1863. 


H 
K 
H 


PS 

C 


«fj 

* 

s_ < 

! 
w 

w 
o 


PH 
o 


a 

H 
H 
«t) 

M 
I 


ft 

hH 

PS 

W 
W 

02 


K 


w 
o 

pa 
H 


B 
cfc 

1 — i 

PS 
« 

w 

g 

K 


PS 

o 

b-H 

W 


PH 
H 
X 

W 
C 


. 

PH 
PH 


tt 
H 
X 
K 
K 
H 
fi: 

y. 
y. 


y, 


. 

o 

PH 


tr 
o 


PH. 
O 


13 

H 

P3 


C 

KH 
-< 

& 
«• 
O 


W 
W 
cc 


F 
O 

Sal 

I 


O 
2! 


a 

12} 

o 


O 

i-3 


I 

a 


H 
O 
W 
W 


(JO 

f 


q 

3 


3 


W 


Q 
H 

a 

w 


w 
9 


fe! 

hrj 


EC 

d 


02 

I-H 

O 

1-3 

w 

^ 

K 

H 


O 
K 
a: 


H 

O 
H 

g 


Q 

W 

H 


O 

as 


K 


as 

Q 

O 
>=) 


a 


O 
C 
H 
O 

to 
H 


443 


I'l./.N    OF  THE    HATTLK  »r  IH'.I.MONT.    Ml).,   FOfliHT  N(tVKMHKIt  "Til,    1SI11. 


MAP    1>F    ItOANOKE    IST^AN'D   AND   CHOATAN    AND   BOANOKE   SOUNDS. 


^*w«-  r.»c4S791  ™*^'n,;,.i. 


/     r>  '  f>     I  ,.       5      f)     U 


MAP   (IF   TIIK   SOT'THRHN    TOAST   OF   THE   I'NITED    STATES    FROM    PENSAroliA   TO   NEW   ORLEANS,  SHOWING   THE   STRATEGIC    I'OSITION    OF    SHIP   ISLAND,  MISS. 


CHARIEWCN    CAR  -  . 

\  liJM  Mouse 

IMHU««[N  IH'^t  N   *   „ 


3,  '/niriiAii 

'"•'  /'.>  Ihnnl-   ''  '  'fe./'uii/M/l  (./'//;* 


1  8CAII  Of  BIATUTl   MILES  / 

r:vt";   =f=^ 


MAI'  OF   THE   UAKIIOR   AND   CITY   OF   CHARLESTON,  S.  O.  MAP  OF  HILTON   HEAD   ISLAND,    SHOWING   THE  TOPOGRAPHY. 

OFFICIAL    MAPS   AND    PLANS    OF    BATTLES    IN    THE    CIVIL   WAR.— FUENISHED    BY    C.   A.   DANA,  OF    THE   WAE    DEPARTMENT. 

444 


TEFSACOLA    BAY- 


MAP   OF   TENSAC'OLA   BAY,  FLA.,  SHOWING   THE   SITUATION    OF   THE   U.   S.   NAVY   YARD, 
FORT   PICK.ENS,  M'KAE,  WATER   BATTERY   AND   FORT   SAN    CARLOS   DE   BARRANCAS. 


BATTLE   Of   1'ITTSIiUKG   LANDING — PLAN   SHOWING    THE   PdHITIONS   OF   THE   FOKCES 
DU1UNG   THE    GltEAT   AliTILLtliY   FIGHT. 


BATTLE   OF    PITTSliUHG   LANDING PLAN   OF  THE   DEFENSE   AT   THE   PEACH    ORCHARD. 

LEFT   WING. 


,///'•>/'  0J/I 

&U 


'-<!    .  '  - 


FARM  HOUSE  USED  AS  A  HOSPITAL 
fOR  THE    WOUNDED  AT   LITTLE   BETHEL 


^^^& 


MAP    OF   FOliT  1'ULASKI,    GA. ,  ^TTH   THE   POSITIONS    OF   THE    FEDE1SAL    BATTERIES 

ON   TYBEE   ISLAND. 


FLAK  OF  THB  BATTLE  OP  GREAT  BETHEL,  SHOWING  THE  POSITION   OF  THE   MASKED   BATTEBT 
OF   THE   CONFEDERATES   AND    THE    POSITION   OF  THE   FEDERAL    TROOPS. 


SEAT   OF   WAS   IN  VIRGINIA,    SHOWING  THE   OPERATIONS   OF  THE   FFJ>KRAIi 
AND   CONFEDERATE   ABirEES. 


MAPS    AND    PLANS    OF    BATTLES    IN    THE    CIVIL   WAR.— FURNISHED    BY    C.  A.  DANA,  OF    THE   WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

Ml 


- 

=xa.i 


. 


SIIKKIDAN'S     CAMPAIGN— AN     INCIDENT    AT     TIIK     JJATTLE     OF     WIN'CHESTEU- -A     FAITHFUL    DOCr     WATCHING     AND     DEFENDING 

THE     DEAD     13OD1'     OF     HIS     CONFEDERATE 


•mil         -  •  . 

'  ;' 


.. 


&  ' 

'fct&e^.. 


^ 


VCLUNTAKY     DISPKKHION     OF     klKBY    SMITH'S     CONFEDERATE     ARMY     AT     SHKEVEl'OKT,    LA.,    MAY     u:Ju,    18G*. 

440 


SHEKMAN'S    CAMPAIGN    IN    GEOKGIA— FEDERAL    FOECES    AT    JONESBOROUGH    DESTROYING    THE    MACON    RAILROAD. 


THE    WAB    IN    GEORGIA— WAOON    TRAIN    PASSING    RESAOA    AT    NIGHT. 

447 


r/H 


WITH    A    I'll.i  K    <,!••    I.OOK1NU    CLASS. 


i.'ITTINO    I'OAltSE    FUHAlil-    INTO   CHAFF.  \VATi:K    SKIN    AM'    M'H'l.    ol-'    I'AllliVINO 

HINTS     TO     SOLDIERS     IN     THE     CAMP     AND     ON     OAMPAKiN 


AN    INCIDENT    OF    THE    BATTLE    OF    THE    WILDERNESS— LIEUTENANT    GENERAL    GRANT    AND    MAJOR    GENERAL    MEADB 

IN    CONSULTATION. 

448 


FRANK  LESLIE'S 

ILLUSTRATED    HISTORY 


OF  THE 


CIVIL  WAR. 


CHAPTER  I. 

EVENTS  LEADING  TO  THE  WAR  —  GROWING  ANTAGONISM 
OF  THE  NORTH  AND  SOUTH — ELECTION  OP  BUCHANAN 
—  THE  "  DRED  SCOTT  CASE"  DECISION  —  SLAVERY 
CONSIDERED  A  NATIONAL  INSTITUTION — PLOTTING  FOR 
DISUNION — JOHN  BROWN'S  KAID — ELECTION  OF  LIN 
COLN — FORMATION  OF  THE  CONFEDERACY. 

ALTHOUGH    the    bombardment    of   Fort. 
Sumter     by    the     Confederates     at 
Charleston    marked   the     real    open 
ing  of  the  Civil  War  and  gave  the  signal 
for  the  beginning  of  active  hostilities,  the 
conflict    between   the  two    sections    of  the 
country  had  begun  long  before.     For  years 
previous  to  the   firing  of  the  first  gun  the 
North    and   South  were   arrayed  against 
each  other  in  a  heated  controversy  on  the 
question  of  slavery.      Year  after  year  the 
feeling  between  the  two   sections  became 
more    and    more   hostile,   until   at   last   a 
separation,   or    an    attempted  separation, 
seemed  inevitable. 

Then,  in  1856,  the  question  of  whether 
slavery  was  to  be  allowed  to  grow  and 
extend  itself  beyond  the  limits  set  for  it 
by  the  Missouri  Compromise  Law  was 
in  a  measure  given  to  the  people  to  de 
cide  through  the  Presidential  election.  A 
new  party  had  arisen  as  a  result  of  the 
anti-slavery  sentiment  in  the  North,  and 
its  platform  declared  against  the  exten 
sion  of  slavery.  But  the  two  branches 
of  the  Democratic  party,  one  of  them  in 
favor  of  an  anti-slavery  policy  and  the 
other  composed  of  friends  and  supporters 
of  the  slave  system,  were  united  against 
the  new  Republican  party,  and  elected 
their  candidate,  James  Buchanan. 

In    addition    to   this  victory  the  slave 
holders  were    aided  by  an   important  de 
cision  on  the  rights  of  the  slave,  rendered 
by  the  Supreme  Court  just  after  the  in 
auguration    of    President   Buchanan.      In 
this  decision,  which  was  in  answer  to  an 
appeal  to  the  court  in  the  famous  "  Dred 
Scott  case,"  it  was  declared  that  a  person 
who  had  been  a  slave,  or  was  the  descend 
ant  of  a  slave,  had  no  right  to  citizenship. 
Then    Chief  Justice    Taney  went    further, 
and   in   an  extrajudicial   opinion   said   that 
the   framers    of  the    Declaration    of   Inde 
pendence  did  not   include   the    negro  race 
when    it  proclaimed  "  all   men   are   created 
equal "  ;  that  the   negroes  had  always  been 
regarded    as    inferior    beings,   so  much   so 
that   they  had  no   rights  which    the  white 
man  was  bound  to   respect,  and  that  it  was 
not  unlawful  to  reduce  the  negro  to  slavery 
for  the   benefit   of  the  white  man.      Then 
the    Chief    Justice    took   up  the    Missouri 
Compromise   Act,   and    declared    that    law 
and  all  other  laws  for  the  restriction  of  sla 
very  unconstitutional,  and  that  neither  Con 
gress  nor  local  legislatures  had  any  author 
ity  for  restricting  the  spread  of  the  institu 


tion  all  over  the  Union.  This  decision,  fol 
lowing  on  the  election  of  a  President  who 
was  not  opposed  to  the  slave  system,  was 
taken  by  many  people  as  a  settlement  of 
the  controversy — slavery  was  a  national 
institution,  and  could  exist  in  any  part  of  the 
Union.  But  in  the  breasts  of  the  lovers  of 
freedom  it  stirred  up  indignation,  and  large 
numbers  of  the  dominant  party  immedi 
ately  enrolled  themselves  with  the  Repub 
licans.  The  Legislature  of  the  State  of 
New  York  denounced  the  decision  that  de 
scendants  of  slaves  had  no  right  to  citizen- 


GENEKAL    JOHN    E.    WOOL. 

ship,  and  determined  to  sustain  the  statute 
in  that  State's  code  of  laws  which  declared 
the  immediate  freedom  of  slaves  brought 
involuntarily  within  its  borders.  Ohio, 
Maine,  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  Wis 
consin  and  Michigan  also  declared  strongly 
in  favor  of  the  freedom  of  slaves  within  its 
borders. 

This  movement  on  the  part  of  the  peo 
ple  of  the  free-labor  States  is  just  what  the 
politicians  of  the  South  expected  and 
hoped  for.  They  had  long  looked  for  a 
good  pretext  to  cause  the  feeling  between 
the  two  sections  of  the  country  to  become 
bitter  and  strong  enough  to  bring  about  a 
disunion,  and  they  noted  with  pleasure  the 
indignation  of  the  slaveholders  over  the 
action  of  the  Northern  States.  Everything 
in  their  power  was  done  by  these  politi 


cians  to  feed  this  indignation.      For  a  time 
after    this    nothing  particular    occurred   to 
disturb  the  condition  of  the  country.    Then 
suddenly,  in   the   year   1859,  tne  first  blow 
at  slavery  was  struck.      John    Brown,  a   na 
tive    of    Connecticut,    with    a    handful     of 
white    followers    and    twelve     slaves    from 
Missouri,  had    secretly  devised   a   plan  for 
the  freedom   of   the   slaves.      On  the    i6th 
of  October  Brown,  with  his  little  army,  en 
tered  the  village   of  Harper's   Ferry,  at  the 
junction  of  the   Shenandoah  and  Potomac 
Rivers,  and  seized  the  government  armory 
and  the    railroad  bridge.      On   their  way 
the  invaders  entered  the  house  of  Colo 
nel    Washington,    seized     his    arms    and 
horses     and    liberated    his    slaves.      The 
next  morning  Brown  had  full  possession 
of  the  village  and  government  buildings. 
His  only  purpose  was  a  desire  to  free  the 
slaves.      He  felt  confident  that  if  he  made 
a  stand   for  them  they  would  all   rise  up 
in  arms  and  flock  to  his  standard,  and  he 
would  at   once  be  hailed  as  a  great  lib 
erator.      But  his  hopes  were  soon  dashed 
to    pieces.      The   Virginia    militia,    aided 
by  a   detachment   of   United    States   ma 
rines  under  Colonel  Robert  E.  Lee,  soon 
dislodged   him    and    made  him  prisoner, 
but   not  before  he  had  made  a  brave  de 
fense  and  lost  two  of  his  sons.      Brown 
was    immediately  tried,   found    guilty   of 
murder    and    treason,    and    sentenced    to 
death.      He  was  hanged  at  Charlestown, 
Va.,  December  3d,   1859. 

The  suspicion  that  Brown  was  an  em 
issary  of  the  Abolitionists,  and  that  the 
leaders  of  the  Republican  party  were  in 
league  with  him  in  his  scheme  to  liberate 
the  slaves,  turned  out  to  be  unfounded 
after  an  investigation  by  a  committee  of 
the  United  States  Senate. 

While  John  Brown's  well-meaning  ef 
fort  at  emancipation  resulted  in  utter 
failure,  as  might  have  been  expected,  and 
had  no  immediate  effect,  it  served  to  stir 
up  the  combatants  on  both  sides  of  the 
question  of  slavery  to  such  an  extent  that 
there  was  no  rest  until  the  matter  was 
finally  settled  forever.  It  gained  for  the 
Republican  party,  whose  platform  was  uni 
versal  freedom,  thousands  of  new  follow 
ers,  and  thus  helped  to  make  possible  the 
election  of  that  party's  candidate  for  Presi 
dent  in  1860. 

VVlien  the  politicians  of  the  South  ;;aw 
in  the  rapidly  growing  anti-slavery  senti 
ment  the  probable  overthrow  of  the  domi 
nation  of  the  friends  of  the  slave  system  in 
the  National  Government  they  immedi 
ately  laid  plans  to  break  up  the  Union  and 
establish  a  new  and  separate  government, 
whose  corner  stone  would  be  slavery.  To 
do  this  they  saw  that  they  must  find  some 


450 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORY  OF    THE   CIVIL    WAR. 


stronger  cause  for  a  contest  between  the  the  army  and  the  navy  had  been  placed  far  pretext  was  found  when  President  Lincoln, 
two  sections  than  any  that  had  heretofore  beyond  reach  for  immediate  use.  Most  of  on  April  8th,  telegraphed  to  Governor 
.  •__  TU«  .  A.^^'.A^A  »K^«-  «-Vi<=>  cn<-rf>cc  nf  thp  ve^pls  in  rommission  were  in  distant  Pickens  that  ho  was  cf>nr1inrr  r^li/>f  <-/->  P/~>i-f 


arisen.  They  decided  that  the  success  of 
the  Republican  candidate  at  the  coming 
election  would  be  of  great  help  to  them,  as 
they  could  then  at  once  raise  the  cry :  "  No 
sectional  President  !  No  Northern  domi 
nation  !  Down  with  the  Abolitionists!" 
This,  they  knew,  would  bring  out  a  strong 
resentment  among  the  people  of  the  South, 
especially  the  slaveholding  class,  and  pro 
duce  a  solid  South  in  favor  of  breaking  up 
the  old  republic.  So  they  resolved  to  in- 


the  vessels  in  commission  were  in  distant 
seas,  and  many  of  the  naval  and  army  offi 
cers,  being  natives  of  Southern  States,  had 
deserted  the  flag  and  joined  the  Confed 
erates.  This  condition  of  affairs  had  been 
planned  and  arranged  by  the  Secretaries 
of  Navy  and  War  under  Buchanan,  in  the 
hopes  of  rendering  powerless  any  design 
the  new  administration  might  have  for  pre 
venting  the  secession. 

At   this   time   o-eneral   attention  was  at- 


Pickens  that  he  was  sending  relief  to  Fort 
Sumter.  This  message  was  communicated 
to  L.  Pope  Walker,  the  Confederate  Secre 
tary  of  War,  who  immediately  sent  word  to 
General  Beauregard,  who  was  in  command 
of  the  army  in  Charleston,  to  demand  the 
evacuation  of  the  fort,  and  if  this  was  re 
fused  to  proceed  in  such  manner  as  he 
might  determine  to  reduce  it.  Early  next 
morning  the  demand  for  the  immediate 
surrender  of  Fort  Sumter  was  made.  An- 


sure   the    election    of  a   Republican   by   so     tracted  to   Fort  Sumter,  where   Major  An-      derson  saw  that  the   supplies  for  his  garri- 


hopelessly  splitting  the  Democratic  party 
that  it  would  have  no  chance  in  the  con 
test.  In  this  determination  they  were  em 
inently  successful.  The  result  was  the 
election  of  Abraham  Lincoln  as  President 
of  the  United  States. 

Immediately  after  this  election  South 
Carolina  seceded  from  the  Union  by  the 
holding  of  a  State  convention,  at  which  it 
was  resolved  that  "the  union  now  subsist 
ing  between  South  Carolina  and  other 
States,  under  the  name  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  is  hereby  dissolved." 
The  other  slaveholding  States  followed  in 
quick  succession,  and  on  Feb 
ruary  4th,  1 86 1,  a  convention 
of  delegates  from  six  of  the 
seceded  States  was  held  at 
Montgomery,  Ala.,  to  frame,  a 
constitution  for  the  Confed 
eracy  and  to  form  a  provisional 
government.  Jefferson  Davis 
was  elected  President  and  A. 
1 1.  Stephens,  of  Georgia,  Vice 
President. 

These,  briefly  outlined,  wen: 
some  of  the  most  important 
events  th.it  took  place  just  "he- 
tore  the  inauguration  of  Pres 
ident  Lincoln,  and  which  made 
for  the  terrible  struggle 
shook  this  country  from 
end  to  the  other. 

C'lAlTKR    II 


LINCOLN'S  INAUGURATION— CONDITION  OF 

T1IK    GOVERNMENT   IlKSoriiCKS      I'.OM- 
IIAKPMENT     OF     FoUT    SrMTElt  -      TlIK 

EVACUATION       GOVERNOR   PICKKSS'S 
Si'KF.ru    -TiiK  PRESIDENT'S  CAI.I,  run 

TKOOI'M—BrKNlNO      OF     GOVERNMENT 

UriLDiNns  AT  HARPER'S  FERRY — THE 
Loss  OF  THE  GOSPORT  NAVY  YARD. 


derson  had  recently  transferred  his  small 
body  of  men  from  Fort  Moultrie  because 
of  the  threatening  aspect  of  Charleston. 
The  question  now  came  up  as  to  the  re-en 
forcement  and  maintenance  of  this  fort. 
The  President,  not  wishing  to  precipitate  a 
war,  considered  the  matter  carefully  for 
some  time.  Once  before,  during  the  ad 
ministration  of  Buchanan,  an  attempt  had 
been  made  to  send  supplies  to  Major  An 
derson,  but  the  Confederates,  learning  of 
the  attempt  from  Secretary  Thompson, 
prevented  the  entry  into  the  harbor  of  the 


son  were  nearly  exhausted,  and  accordingly 
replied  :  "  I  will  evacuate  the  fort  in  five 
days  if  I  do  not  receive  controlling  instruc 
tions  from  my  government."  But  this 
would  not  satisfy  the  leaders  in  the  move 
ment  against  the  Union,  as  they  well  knew 
that  fresh  supplies  were  then  on  their  way 
to  the  fort.  So,  in  reply,  Beauregard  sent 
word  early  in  the  morning  of  April  i2th 
that  within  one  hour  the  batteries,  which 
formed  a  semicircle  around  Sumter,  would 
open  upon  the  fort. 

Anderson  calmly  accepted  this  communi- 


Star  of  the  West,  containing  the  provisions  cation  and  awaited  the  beginning  of  hos 
tilities.  Promptly  at  the  ap 
pointed  time  the  first  shot 
ushering  in  the  ereat  four 


LOADING     A     15-INCH     GUN     IN     THE     TURRET     OF    AN     ERICSSON 
IRONCLAD     DURING    THE     ATTACK     ON     FORT     SUMTER. 


WHILE  preparations  were  being  made  in 
the  South  for  the  destruction  of  the  Union 
the  people  of  the  North  were  preparing  to 
preserve  it.  President  Lincoln  was  inau 
gurated  Chief  Magistrate  of  the  Republic 
at  about  the  same  time  that  Jefferson  Da 
vis  took  his  office  as  President  of  the  Con 
federacy.  In  his  inaugural  address  Mr. 
Lincoln  said:  "We  are  not  enemies,  but 
friends.  We  must  not  be  enemies.  Though 
passion  may  have  strained,  it  must  not 
break  our  bonds  of  affection.  The  mystic 
chords  of  memory,  stretching  from  every 


and  arms,  by  firing  upon  her  from  redoubts 
on  Morris  Island. 

After  due  deliberation,  and  notwithstand 
ing    the   result  of   this   attempt,    President     the  sun  rose  the  little  garrison  was  in  a  ter- 


years'  »var  for  the  Union  was 
fired.  It  was  a  large  bomb 
shell  from  a  mortar  on  James 
Island,  and  exploded  over  the 
fort.  It  is  said  that  the  next 
shot,  which  struck  the  gran 
ite  wall  of  the  fort,  was  fired 
by  an  old  Virginian  by  the 
name  of  Ruffin,  who  boasted 
of  his  deed  all  his  life,  and 
who  shot  himself  in  1865  be 
cause,  as  he  said,  "  I  cannot 
survive  the  liberties  of  my 
country."  Hundreds  of  shells 
ami  balls  followed  these  shots, 
and  a  fearful  contest  began. 
Anderson  replied  with  all  the 
power  he  could  muster,  but 
he  soon  saw  that  his  guns 
could  not  seriously  injure  the 
batteries  opposed  to  him,  while 
the  walls  and  parapets  of  Fort 
Sumter  were  soon  shattered, 
its  barbette  guns  dismounted, 
and  its  barracks  set  on  fire. 
All  day  long  and  through  the  night  the 
assault  continued,  and  the  next  morning  it 
was  pushed  with  renewed  energy.  When 


Lincoln  and  his  Cabinet  decided  that  Fort 
Sumter  must  be  maintained  and  re-en 
forced.  For  this  purpose  a  squadron  of 
eight  vessels  was  sent  from  New  York  on 
the  Qth  of  April.  Only  three  of  these  ships 
reached  Charleston  harbor,  and  they  could 
not  enter  at  once  because  of  a  great  storm 
that  was  then  raging  on  the  ocean  in  that 
region.  It  was  while  these  vessels  were 


rible  condition.  The  provisions  would  not 
last  much  longer,  almost  all  of  the  wooden 
structures  in  the  fort  were  on  fire,  and  the 
heat  and  smoke  were  so  unbearable  that 
the  men  were  compelled  to  put  wet  cloths 
over  their  faces  to  breathe.  The  fierce 
bombardment  continued  until  General  Wig- 
fall,  who  said  he  represented  Beauregard, 
arrived  at  the  fort  in  a  small  boat  and  said 


battlefield  and  patriot  grave  to  every  living  rolling  about  in  the  tempest  that  the  Con-  that  Anderson's  terms  of  evacuation  would 

heart  and  hearthstone  all  over  this  broad  federate    batteries  in   Charleston  attacked  be    acceded    to.     Then    the  gallant  major 

land,  will  yet  swell  the  chorus  of  the  Union,  Fort  Sumter.      Major  Anderson  had  been  raised   the  white  flag,   which    immediately 

when  again  touched,  as  surely  they  will  be,  compelled   by  his    government    to    remain  brought    a    deputation    from     Beauregard, 

by  the   better   angels  of  our  nature."     To  passive  in  his  fort  while  preparations  were  who   declared  that  Wigfall  did  not  repre- 

the    people    of   the    slave-labor   States    he  being  made  all  around  him  for  an   attack  sent  their  chief  in  any  way.     This  decep- 

said  :  "  I  have  no  purpose,  directly  or  indi-  upon  his  position.      He  had   orders  to  do  tion  angered  Anderson,  and  he  ordered  the 

rectly,  to   interfere  with   the  institution  of  nothing  until  he  was  fired  upon.      So  while  white  flag  torn  down  at  once.      But  upon 

slavery  in  the  States  where  it  exists.     I  be-  he  saw  the  forts  and  batteries  being  rapidly  the  persuasion   of  the  deputation   the  flag 

lieve  I    have  no    lawful    right    to    do    so,  erected  on  all  sides  of  Fort  Sumter,  he  was  was  left  standing  until  a  conference  could 

1T1*1**i  _       ^-* 


and  I  have  no  inclination  to  do  so."  Thus 
he  tried  to  stem  the  tide  that  was  rising 
against  the  Union. 

President  Lincoln  found  the  resources  of 


powerless  to  stop  the  work  with  his  guns. 
As  soon  as  the  strength  of  the  Confed 
erate  position  in  Charleston  harbor  was 

assured  the  leaders  in  the  work  of  disunior  _,,   ..r.       ._,.   , 

the  goverment  in  a  deplorable   condition,     became  eager  for  the  fray,  and  sought  a  fenders  of  the  fort  were  conveyed  to  the 

The  treasury  was  nearly  empty,  and  both     pretext  for  the  firing  of  the  first  gun.    The  steamship  Baltic,  that  lay  outside  the  bar, 


be  held  with  Beauregard.  This  conference 
resulted  in  a  satisfactory  arrangement  for 
the  evacuation  of  Fort  Sumter,  and  or 
Sunday,  April  Hth,  1861,  the  brave  de- 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORK^)F    THE    CIVIL    WAR. 


and  in  which  they  were  taken  to  New 
York. 

In  a  speech  delivered  to  the  people  of 
Charleston  just  after  the  evacuation  Gov 
ernor  Pickens  said,  among  other  things  : 
"  Thank  God  the  war  is  open,  and  we  will 
conquer  or  perish.  We  have  humbled  the 
llag  of  the  United  States.  I  can  here  say 
to  you,  it  is  the  first  time  in  the  history  of 
this  country  that  the  Stars  and  Stripes 
have  been  humbled.  That  proud  flag  was 
never  lowered  before  to  any  nation  on  the 
earth.  It  has  triumphed  for  seventy  years. 
Hut  today,  the  131!!  of  April,  it  has  been 
humbled,  and  humbled  before  the  glorious 
little  State  of  South  Carolina."  The  next 
day,  Sunday,  the  fall  of  Sumter  was  com 
memorated  by  sermons  and  songs  in  the 
churches  of  Charleston.  Everyone  spoke 
exultingly  of  the  result  of  the  conflict. 

The  gallant  defense  of  the  fort  by  Major 
Anderson  received  due  recognition  in  the 


throughout  every  free-labor  State.  Flags 
went  up  everywhere,  even  on  the  spires  of 
churches  and  cathedrals,  and  women  and 
children  wore  red,  white  and  blue  dresses 
and  ornaments.  Cannons  were  fired,  and 
enthusiastic  meetings,  addressed  by  elo 
quent  orators,  were  held  in  every  part 
of  the  North.  The  calls  of  the  different 
Governors  for  troops  in  response  to  the 
President's  proclamation  brought  forth  five 
or  six  times  the  number  of  volunteers 
called  for,  and  soldiers  were  soon  on  their 
way  to  Washington  to  protect  it  from  a 
threatened  invasion. 

Immediately  upon  learning  of  President 
Lincoln's  action  the  chief  of  the  Southern 
Confederacy  also  issued  a  call  for  troops 
from  the  Southern  States,  and  it  was  re 
ceived  with  the  same  enthusiasm  as  was 
manifested  over  the  Northern  call. 

It  was  at  this  time  that  Virginia,  which 
had  been  wavering  between  the  two  sec- 


Another  assault  by  the  Virginia  troops 
was  directed  against  the  navy  yard  at  Gos- 
port,  opposite  Norfolk,  on  the  Elizabeth 
River,  and  was  more  successful.  It  con 
tained  about  two  thousand  pieces  of  heavy 
cannon,  a  large  amount  of  munitions  of 
war,  naval  stores,  etc.,  and  in  the  waters 
around  it  were  several  war  ships.  The  post 
was  in  charge  of  Commodore  Charles  S. 
McCauley,  who,  for  fear  they  would  be 
seized,  had  the  vessels  in  the  river  scut 
tled  and  sunk.  Just  as  this  had  been  ac 
complished,  Captain  Paulding,  who  had  re 
cently  been  appointed  to  McCauley's  place, 
arrived  on  the  scene,  and  ordered  the  fur 
ther  destruction  of  all  the  public  property 
at  the  navy  yard.  But  when  the  Confed 
erates  broke  into  the  post  they  managed  to 
save  a  vast  number  of  heavy  guns  and 
some  of  the  vessels.  One  of  the  latter,  the 
Merrimac,  they  afterward  converted  into, 
a  powerful  ironclad. 


^     t  s         A-^  fl  \-  A* 

sfif'Ife,  /tec        JW5-          >^WI%K>  c  4 

'  0 

J^f,     ^~^^^v^^^M&W^Kgi^^£^=l^^  N'V'/  ,'r"'/v'!.'  I?  Nvy*~'  ,  .  '•'' 
'          '"     l'lC'"  '         ' ''    ''"*'  '     "'"•         ''" 


SCENE    IN    CAMP    NEAE    FALMOUTH,   VA.— ARMY    BLACKSMITH    SHOEING    A    REFRACTORY    MULE. 


North.  The  loyal  people  of  New  York, 
Philadelphia  and  Taunton,  Mass.,  showed 
their  gratitude  by  substantial  tokens,  and 
the  President  of  the  United  States  at  once 
commissioned  the  major  a  brigadier  gen 
eral  in  the  army. 

The  roar  of  the  cannon  in  Charleston 
harbor  awoke  the  people  of  the  North  to 
a  proper  appreciation  of  the  seriousness  of 
the  trouble  that  had  come  upon  them. 
They  forgot  all  minor  differences  and  po 
litical  animosities,  and  presented  a  solid 
front  in  their  loyalty  to  the  Union.  The 
President,  who  at  first  hardly  grasped  the 
significance  of  the  fact  that  several  States, 
one  after  the  other,  had  thrown  off  their 
allegiance  to  the  republic  and  seized  all 
the  forts  and  arsenals  within  their  borders, 
was  aroused,  and  01:  the  day  after  the 
evacuation  of  Sumter  issued  a  proclama 
tion  in  which  he  called  for  75,000  troops 
to  protect  the  Union.  A  loud  shout  of 
approval  and  enthusiasm  greeted  this  call 


tions,  declared  herself  out  of  the  Union. 
The  people  were  summoned  to  arms,  and 
preparations  were  at  once  made  to  capture 
the  armory  and  arsenal  of  the  United 
States  at  Harper's  Ferry.  Here  were  stored 
almost  ninety  thousand  muskets.  The  com 
mander  of  this  post,  Lieutenant  Roger 
Jones,  had  learned  of  the  impending  dan 
ger  and  was  fully  prepared  for  it.  As  soon 
as  he  heard  that  about  two  thousand  Vir 
ginia  militia  were  on  their  way  to  seize  the 
post  and  were  but  a  mile  away,  he  set  fire 
to  all  the  government  buildings  by  means 
of  a  train  of  gunpowder  that  he  had  care 
fully  laid,  and  escaped  with  his  little  garri 
son  of  forty  men  across  a  railroad  bridge 
into  Maryland,  and  thence  to  Carlisle  Bar 
racks  in  Pennsylvania.  The  Virginians 
were  thus  prevented  from  securing  the 
large  quantity  of  firearms  they  expected  ; 
but  they  took  possession  of  Harper's  Ferry 
and  made  it  an  important  point  for  future 
operations. 


This  important  post  was    recovered    by 
the   Federals  early   in   May,  the  following 


year. 


CHAPTER  III. 


PREPARATIONS  FOB  8KIZING  THE  CAPITAL  —  ANSWERING 
THE  CALL  FOB  TROOPS— THE  SIXTH  MASSACHUSETTS 
REGIMENT  ATTACKED  BY  A  MOB  —  CRITICAL  CONDI 
TION  OF  WASHINGTON — ASSASSINATION  OP  COLONEL 
ELLSWORTH  — BATTLE  OF  Bio  BETHEL. 

SOON  after  the  call  for  troops  had  been 
made  on  both  sides  the  leaders  of  the  Con 
federacy  began  active  preparations  for  the 
capture  of  the  national  capital.  Alexander 
H.  Stephens  started  the  cry,  "  On  to  Wash 
ington  !"  and  it  was  taken  up  and  resounded 
throughout  the  slave-labor  States.  Troops 
were  rapidly  marshaled  into  service  in  Vir 
ginia,  and  the  newspapers  of  the  South  ur 
gently  demanded  the  attack  upon  the  city, 
One  of  the  Richmond  papers  declared  : 
"  There  never  was  half  the  unanimity 
among  the  people  before,  nor  a  tithe  of 
the  zeal  upon  any  subject,  that  is  now 


452 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF   THE  CIVIL   WAR. 


manifested  to  take  Washington  and  drive     sued  on   May  3d,  calling  for  64,000  more    was  made  on  batteries  at  Mathias  Point, 

from  it  every  Black  Republican  who  is  a     volunteers  for  the  army,  and  18,000  for  the     and  the  flotilla  was  repulsed  and  Captain 

i 11  _  _      -1 T? tl .,-,.-          i-/-\      <*  c-ot-\rc»      rlnt-inrr      th*=»     ixrar11          Tnf»        \\/arrl    wac   kil1*=»rl          T^r\r  manxr   mr\nfrlic   tY-iAoo 


dweller  there.     From  the    mountain    tops     navy,    to 
and  valleys  to  the  shores  of  the  sea  there     capital  soon 


serve    during    the 
became  a  vast  citadel, 


The 
it 


as 


is  one  wild  shout  of  fierce  resolve  to  capt 
ure  Washington  city,  at  all  and  every  hu 
man  hazard." 

The  preparations  for  the  seizure  o:  the 
capital  were  made  in  secret,  and  the  peo 
ple  of  the  North  knew  nothing  of  the  con 
templated  attack  until  the  Confederates 
were  almost  ready  to  make  it.  But  the 
call  for  troops  had  been  issued,  and  a 
large  body  of  armed  men  were  soon  on 
its  way  to  protect  the  government  and  its 
rulers. 

Massachusetts  was  the  first  to  answer 
the  President's  call  by  sending  one  of  its 
regiments,  the  Sixth,  Colonel  Jones,  to 
Washington.  Pennsylvania  immediately 
followed,  and  on  account  of  its  closer  prox 
imity  to  Washington  its  regiment  was  the 
first  to  reach  the  capital.  The  Pennsyl- 
vanians  met  with  a  slight  resistance  on  their 
arrival  at  Baltimore  from  a  mob  of  Seces 
sionists,  who  wished  to  make  their  State  a 
barrier  across  the  pathway  of  the  troop^ 
from  the  North  and  East  ;  but  when 
the  regiment  from  Massachusetts  reached 
the  city,  and  were 
marching  from  one 
railroad  station  to 
another,  fully  10,000 
persons  had  gath 
ered  in  the  streets, 
and  assailed  the 
soldiers  with  mis 
siles  of  all  kinds.  A 
severe  fight  ensued, 
in  which  three  of 
the  troops  w  e  r  e 
killed  and  nine  of 
their  assailants.  In- 
i  e  n  s  e  excitement 
\\  as  produced  b  y 
this  tragedy,  as  it 
aas  tile  first  shed 
ding  of  b  1  o  o  d  . 
I  pon  the  arrival 
of  the  soldiers  in 
Washington  they 
found  that  all  com 
munication  between 
that  city  and  the 
North,  by  railroad 

and  telegraph,  was  cut  off  through  the 
orders  of  the  Mayor  and  Chief  of  Police 
of  Baltimore.  The  capital  was  in  a  crit 
ical  condition,  and  intense  anxiety  was 
manifested  throughout  the  free-labor 
States.  For  a  time  it  seemed  as  if  the 
city  could  not  be  saved.  Then  the  "  Union 
Defense  Committee,"  a  society  of  some;  of 
the  leading  citizens  of  New  York  city,  held 
a  conference  with  the  Governor  of  the 
State  (Morgan)  and  General  John  E.  Wool, 
commander  of  the  Eastern  Department  of 
the  army,  which  included  the  whole  coun 
try  east  of  the  Mississippi  River.  At  this 
conference  a  plan  of  action  for  the  relief 
of  the  capital  was  formed  and  put  into 
operation.  Troops  and  supplies  were  im 
mediately  sent  forward,  and  in  a  short  time 
the  capital  was  put  out  of  danger.  Gen 
eral  B.  F.  Butler,  with  a  regiment  of  Mas 
sachusetts  troops,  opened  communication 
with  Washington  by  seizing  the  railroad 
between  Annapolis  and  the  capital  and  tak 
ing  possession  of  the  Relay  House,  nine 
miles  from  Baltimore. 

It  was  now  clearly  perceived  that  the 
number  of  militia  called  out  by  the  Presi 
dent's  proclamation  would  not  be  adequate 
to  cope  with  the  force  arrayed  against  the 
Union,  and  another  proclamation  was  is- 


was  made  the  rendezvous  for  all  troops 
raised  eastward  of  the  Alleghany  Mount 
ains.  Thousands  of  soldiers  poured  into 
the  city  and  were  quartered  in  all  the  pub 
lic  buildings. 

When  Virginia  resolved  to  enter  the 
Confederacy  Colonel  Robert  E.  Lee,  who 
was  then  an  engineer  officer  in  the  National 
Army,  resigned  his  commission  and  went  to 
Richmond,  where  he  was  cordially  wel 
comed  and  given  the  supreme  command  of 
the  Confederate  forces.  Lee's  first  step 
was  to  arrange  for  the  erection  of  a  battery 
of  heavy  guns  on  Arlington  Heights,  which 
commanded  a  good  view  of  the  city  of 
Washington.  But  before  this  work  could 
be  started  the  National  troops  took  pos 
session  of  Arlington  Heights  and  Alex 
andria.  Ellsworth's  New  York  Fire  Zou 
aves  were  among  these  troops,  and  crossed 
to  Alexandria  in  two  schooners.  Another 
body  was  sent  over  the  Long  Bridge,  and 
another  the  Aqueduct  Bridge  at  George 
town.  These  latter  troops,  under  General 
Irwin  McDowell,  erected  the  first  redoubts 


KEMAINS    OP    A     CONFEDERATE    CAMP    AT    MANASSAS 

constructed  by  the  National  troops  in  the 
Civil  War.  They  were  built  on  the  spot 
where  Lee  proposed  to  erect  a  Confederate 
battery. 

The  Secessionists  in  Alexandria  natu 
rally  did  not  relish  the  capture  of  their  city 
by  the  Federals,  and  one  of  them,  the  pro 
prietor  of  the  Marshall  House,  showed  his 
resentment  by  refusing  to  take  clown  the 
Confederate  flag  flying  on  his  roof.  See 
ing  this,  Colonel  Ellsworth,  with  one  or 
two  of  his  zouaves,  rushed  up  the  stairs 
and  pulled  down  the  offending  colors.  As 
they  descended  with  the  flag  in  their  hands 
the  tavern  keeper  picked  up  a  gun  and  shot 


Ward  was  killed.  For  many  months  these 
batteries  defied  the  National  vessels,  and 
the  Potomac  was  effectively  blockaded. 

At  this  time,  in  June,  1861,  the  Confed 
erate  Government,  in  order  to  be  nearer 
Washington,  left  Montgomery  and  made 
their  headquarters  at  Richmond.  Upon 
his  arrival  in  the  latter  city  their  Pres 
ident,  Jefferson  Davis,  addressed  a  mul 
titude  of  people.  He  spoke  some  bitter 
words  against  the  National  Government, 
and  after  saying  that  there  was  "not  one 
true  son  of  the  South  who  was  not  ready 
to  shoulder  his  musket,  to  bleed,  to  die  or 
to  conquer  in  the  cause  of  liberty  here,"  he 
declared  "  We  have  now  reached  the  point 
where,  arguments  being  exhausted,  it  only 
remains  for  us  to  stand  by  our  weapons. 
When  the  time  and  occasion  serve,  we 
shall  smite  the  smiter  with  manly  arms,  as 
did  our  fathers  before  us  and  as  becomes 
their  sons.  To  the  enemy  we  leave  the 
base  acts  of  the  assassin  and  incendiary. 
To  them  we  leave  it  to  insult  helpless 
women  ;  to  us  belongs  vengeance  upon 
man." 

The  campaign  in  West  Virginia  opened 
briskly  in  May.  A 
body  of  Confeder 
ates  was  badly 
routed  at  Philippi, 
and  a  little  later 
they  received  an 
other  blow  at  Rom- 
ney  from  an  Indi 
ana  zouave  regi 
ment,  led  by  Colo 
nel  Lewis  Wallace. 
This  regiment,  one 
of  the  best  disci 
plined  in  the  field, 
had  for  some  time 
been  doing  nothing 
in  Southern  Indi 
ana,  and  upon  Wal 
lace 's  solicitation 
they  were  ordered 
to  Cumberland,  to 
report  to  General 
Robert  Patterson, 
who  was  on  his  way 
to  attack  General 
Joseph  E.  John 
ston,  at  Harper's  Ferry.  Wallace's  regi 
ment  covered  the  ground  between  Indi 
ana  and  Cumberland  in  three  days.  Then, 
resting  a  day,  thev  started  out  to  attack 

o  J  J 

the  Confederates  at  Romney.  They 
reached  the  enemy's  camp  two  days  aft 
erward,  and  at  once  attacked  it.  The 
result  was  a  complete  rout,  the  Confed 
erates  seeking  shelter  in  the  forests.  These 
movements  caused  Johnston  to  leave  Har 
per's  Ferry  and  take  up  a  position  near 
Winchester. 

While  all  this  was  going  on  in  West  Vir 
ginia  there  were  stirring  events  near  For 
tress  Monroe.  The  Confederates  were 


the  gallant  young  colonel  dead,  only  to  be     planning  to  capture  that  post,  and  Colonel 


immediately  killed   himself  by  one   of   the     J.  B. 
zouaves. 

In  the  meantime  Captain  J.  H.  Ward 
had  been  sent  to  Hampton  Roads,  near 
Fortress  Monroe,  with  a  flotilla  of  armed 
vessels,  to  dislodge  a  Confederate  battery 
on  Sewells  Point,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Elizabeth  River.  This  was  soon  accom 
plished  after  a  sharp  engagement.  Ward 
then  sailed  up  the  Potomac  River,  and  at 
Aquia  Creek,  about  sixty  miles  below 
Washington,  he  encountered  some  heavy 
batteries.  A  sharp  fight  took  place,  with 
no  decisive  result.  A  little  later  an  attack 


Magruder  was  sent  down  the  Vir- 
Peninsula  with  a  considerable  force 
for  that  purpose  ;  while  General  B.  F.  But 
ler,  in  command  of  the  Department  of  Vir 
ginia  and  North  Carolina,  with  headquar 
ters  at  Fortress  Monroe,  was  taking  meas 
ures  to  oppose  him.  A  detachment  of 
troops,  commanded  by  General  E.  W. 
Pearce,  and  consisting  of  Duryee's  Fifth 
Zouave  New  York  Regiment  and  Town- 
send's  Third,  was  sent  out  from  near 
Hampton  to  Little  Bethel,  where  it  was 
arranged  they  were  to  be  joined  by 
detachments  from  Colonel  Phelps's  com- 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 


453 


mand  at  Newport  News,  which  was  com 
posed  of  battalions  of  Massachusetts  and 
Vermont  troops,  the  Steuben  Rifle  Regi 
ment  of  New  York,  and  a  battery  of  two 
light  field  pieces  in  charge  of  Lieutenant 
John  T.  Greble,  of  the  regular  army. 

As  these  two  columns  approached  each 
other  in  the  dead  of  night  they  unfortu 
nately  took  one  another  for  enemies  and 
began  firing.  The  mistake  was  soon  dis 
covered,  but  not  before  several  men  had 
been  killed.  The  combined  columns  then 
inarched  on  toward  Bio-  Bethel.  The  noise 

o 

of  the  firing  had  put  the  Confederates  on 
their  guard.  There  was  a  short  but  sharp 


day,  July  4th,  1861.  It  was  called  to  con 
sider  and  take  immediate  action  upon  means 
for  the  salvation  of  the  republic.  The  con 
dition  of  the  country  demanded  the  prompt 
attention  of  its  legislators.  Civil  war  had 
begun  in  earnest.  Both  inside  and  outside 
the  capital  plans  were  being  made  to  at 
tack  it.  General  Beauregard,  with  a  large 
force  of  Confederates,  was  preparing  to 
march  upon  the  city,  and  in  the  halls  of 
Congress  and  in  the  President's  house  se 
cret  emissaries  were  supposed  to  be  prowl 
ing  about,  bent  upon  some  deadly  purpose. 
Several  of  the  European  governments 
were  beginning  to  recognize  the  Southern 


moment  that  they  can  grant  that  applica 
tion  and  remain  the  friends  of  the  United 
States.  You  may  even  assure  them 
promptly,  in  that  case,  that  if  they  deter 
mine  to  recognize  they  may  at  the  same 
time  prepare  to  enter  into  an  alliance  with 
the  enemies  of  this  republic.  You  alone 
will  represent  your  country  at  London, 
and  you  will  represent  the  whole  of  it 
there.  When  you  are  asked  to  divide  that 
duty  with  others,  diplomatic  relations  be 
tween  the  government  of  Great  Britain  ano 
this  government  will  be  suspended,  and  will 
remain  so  until  it  shall  be  seen  which  ol 
the  two  is  most  strongly  intrenched  in  the 


•(J 


THE    SIEGE    OF    VICKSBURG— GENERAL    GRANT    MEETING    THE    CONFEDERATE    GENERAL    PEMBERTON    AT    THE    STONE    HOUSE, 

INSIDE     THE     CONFEDERATE     WORKS,    ON     THE     MORNING     OF    JULY    4iH,    1863. 


engagement,  and  the  Nationals  were  re 
pulsed.  At  this  battle  the  first  officer  of 
the  regular  army  to  fall  in  the  war  was 
killed  —  Lieutenant  Greble.  This  defeat 
of  the  Federal  troops  greatly  alarmed  the 
people  of  the  North.  It  caused  great 
excitement  for  a  time,  but  other  and 
more  important  events  soon  occurred  to 
attract  the  attention  of  the  nation. 

CHAPTER    IV. 

EXTRAORDINARY  SESSION  OF  CONGRESS— CONGRESS  AU 
THORIZES  THE  RAISING  OP  TROOPS  AND  MONEY- 
WOMEN'S  WORK  IN  THE  WAR— DOROTHEA  L.  Dix's 
BENEVOLENCE — CAPTURE  OF  RICH  MOUNTAIN — THE 
WAR  IN  WEST  VIRGINIA— THE  "  PETREL'S  "  MISTAKE. 

AN    extraordinary  session    of  Congress 
assembled  at  the  National  capital  on  Tnurs- 


Confederacy,  and  were  preparing  to  give 
it  moral  and  material  aid.  Among  these 
governments  was  Great  Britain,  and  that 
country's  open  recognition  of  the  inde 
pendence  of  the  Confederacy  was  pre 
vented  only  by  the  high  position  taken  by 
Secretary  of  State  Seward,  who,  in  his  in 
structions  to  the  new  representative  at  the 
Court  of  St.  James,  Mr.  Charles  Francis 
Adams,  said  :  "You  will  in  no  case  listen 
to  any  suggestions  of  compromise  by  this 
government,  under  foreign  auspices,  with 
its  discontented  citizens.  If,  as  the  Presi 
dent  does  not  at  all  apprehend,  you  shall 
unhappily  find  her  majesty's  government 
tolerating  the  applications  of  the  so-called 
Confederate  States  or  wavering  about  it, 
you  will  not  leave  them  to  suppose  for  a 


confidence  of  their  respective  nations  and 
of  mankind." 

It  was  a  critical  time  in  the  history  ol 
the  republic,  and  the  members  of  the  Na 
tional  Legislature  responded  promptly  to 
the  call  for  an  extra  session.  There  were 
representatives  of  twenty-three  States  in 
the  Senate  and  154  Members  of  the  House 
in  their  seats  on  the  first  day  of  the  ses 
sion,  while  ten  slave-labor  States  were  not 
represented. 

In  his  message  to  this  Congress  Presi 
dent  Lincoln  recommended  that  at  least 
four  hundred  thousand  men  and  four  hun 
dred  millions  of  dollars  be  placed  at  the 
control  of  the  government,  so  as  to  make 
the  contest  in  the  preservation  of  the 
Union  a  short  and  decisive  one.  'I  he 


454 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF   THE   CIVIL   WAR. 


Secretary  of  War  (Simon  Cameron)  rec 
ommended  the  enlistment  of  men  for  three 
years.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
(Salmon  P.  Chase)  asked  $320,000,000  for 
war  purposes  and  the  current  expenses  of 
the  government.  He  proposed  to  raise  the 
money  by  an  increase  of  taxes  and  the  is 
sue  of  interest-bearing  Treasury  notes  or 
bonds. 

These  suggestions  were  all  carried  out. 
Congress  at  once  authorized  the  raising  of 
500,000  troops,  and  made  an  appropriation 
of  $500,000,000  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the 
war.  This  prompt  and  energetic  action  on 
the  part  of  Congress  stirred  up  the  people 
of  ihe  free-labor  States,  and  enthusiasm 
was  at  fever  heat. 

This  enthusiasm  was  not  manifested  by 
the  men  of  the  country  alone.    The  women, 
too,  were   aroused,  and  demonstrated  their 
patriotism  by  attending  the  sick,  wounded 
and  dying  in   the  hospitals,  and  preparing 
lint  and  bandages.     Associations  of  women 
were     formed    for    this    benevolent    work. 
Miss    Dorothea    L.  Dix  was  the   leader  in 
this  movement,   and  gave   her    services   to 
the    government  gra 
tuitously,    organizing 
at    once    a    splendid 
system    of    providing 
comfort    for   the:   sick 
and     wounded     s  o  1  - 
diers. 

In  accepting  her 
service's  Secretary  of 
\\"ar  Cameron  issued 
this  card:  "lie-  it 
known  to  all  whom 
it  may  concern  that 
the  free  services  of 
Miss  1).  L.  Dix  are 
accepted  by  the  \Yar 
I  )epartment,  and  that 
she  will  give,  at  all 
times,  all  necessary 
aid  i  n  organi/ing 
military  hospitals  for 
the  care  of  all  the 
sick  or  wounded  sol 
diers,  aiding  the  chief 
surgeons  by  supply 
ing  nurses  and  sub 
stantial  means  for  the 
comfort  and  relief  of 
the  suffering  ;  also, 
that  she  is  fully  au 
thorized  to  receive, 
control  ami  disburse 

special  supplies  bestowed  by  individuals 
or  associations  for  the  comfort  of  their 
friends  or  the  citizen  soldiers  from  all 
parts  of  the  United  States."  Without 
receiving  any  pecuniary  reward  this  young 
woman  labored  day  and  night  through 
out  the  war  for  the  relief  of  suffering 
soldiers.  "  She  went  from  battlefield  to 
battlefield  when  the  carnage  was  over," 
says  a  historian  of  the  war  ;  "  from  camp 
to  camp,  and  from  hospital  to  hospi 
tal,  superintending  the  operations  of  the 
nurses,  and  administering  with  her  own 
hands  physical  comforts  to  the  suffering, 
and  soothing  the  troubled  spirits  of  the 
invalid  or  dying  soldier  with  a  voice  low, 
musical  and  attractive,  and  always  bur 
dened  with  words  of  heartfelt  sympathy 

and  religious    consolation Yet  she 

was  not  the  only  Sister  of  Mercy  engaged 
in  this  holy  work.  She  had  hundreds  of 
devoted,  earnest,  self-sacrificing  coworkers 
of  the  gentler  sex  all  over  the  land,  serv 
ing  with  equal  zeal  in  the  camps  and  hospi 
tals  of  the  National  and  the  Confederate 
armies,  and  no  greater  heroism  was  dis 
played  by  soldiers  in  the  field  than  was 


exhibited  by  tnese  American  women  every 
where." 

While  the  Confederate  troops,  under 
Beauregard,  were  gathered  at  Manassas, 
awaiting  an  opportunity  to  march  upon  the 
capital,  detachments  were  sent  out  along 
the  line  of  the  Upper  Potomac  from 
Georgetown  to  Leesburg  on  foraging  ex 
peditions.  On  June  i  ~th  one  of  these  de 
tachments  came  into  contact  with  an  Ohio 
regiment  at  Vienna.  A  sharp  skirmish  re 
sulted.  The  Confederates  were  defeated, 
but  soon  returned  and  captured  Vienna 
and  Falls  Church,  at  which  latter  village 
many  stirring  scenes  afterward  occurred. 

In  the  early  part  of  July  General 
George  B.  McClellan,  with  io,coo  men, 
started  out  from  Grafton,  Va.,  to  make  an 
attack  upon  Laurel  Hill,  near  Beverly, 
where  General  R.  S.  Garnett,  in  command 
of  the  Confederate  forces  in  Western  Vir 
ginia,  had  his  headquarters.  At  the  same 
time  he  sent  4,000  men,  under  General 
T.  A.  Morris,  toward  the  same  point  by 
way  of  Philippi.  Then  still  another  de 
tachment,  under  General  Hill,  proceeded 


Pegram  soon  got  h.x  ^ops  togethet 
again,  and  being  re-enforced,  was  about  to 
attempt  the  recovery  of  Laurel  Hill,  when 
he  heard  of  the  approach  of  McClellan  and 
disappeared  in  the  night  without  waiting 
to  be  attacked.  McClellan,  however,  caught 
up  with  him  and  compelled  his  surrender, 
with  600  followers.  Being  left  unsup 
ported,  Garnett  also  withdrew  in  the  dark 
ness.  He  was  pursued  by  General  Morris 
and  overtaken  at  Carricksford,  on  a  branch 
of  the.  Cheat  River.  Here  he  made  a 
stand  and  bravely  defended  himself,  but  it 
resulted  in  his  death  and  the  dispersion  of 
his  forces.  During  this  time  ex-Governor 
Wise,  with  a  considerable  body  of  Con 
federates,  was  defeated  and  driven  on*"  of 
his  position  in  the  Great  Kanawha  region 
of  West  Virginia  by  a  force  of  Ohio  troops 
under  General  J.  D.  Cox.  These  triumphs 
of  the  Federals  prompted  McClellan  to 
say,  in  a  dispatch  to  the  War  Department: 
"  We  have  completely  annihilated  the  en 
emy  in  West  Virginia.  Our  loss  is  abouj 
13  killed  and  not  more  than  40  wounded, 
while  the  enemy's  loss  is  not  far  from  200 

killed,  and  the  num 
ber  of  prisoners  we 
have  taken  will 
amount  to  at  least 

1,000.    We  have  capt 
ured    seven    of    the 
guns    of 
in  all." 
At 


the 


enemy 


ARMY    COOKHOUSE 
THK     LACY 


CONSTRUCTED 

MANSION,    ON 


IN     AN     OLD     CHIMNEY     OF     AN     OUTHOUSE     OF 
THE     KAPI'AHANNOCK,    FALMOUTH,    VA. 


to  a  point  eastward  of  Philippi,  to  prevent 
the  Confederates  from  joining  Johnston  at 
Winchester.  Approaching  Laurel  Hill, 
McClellan  learned  that  Colonel  John 
Pegram,  with  a  large  body  of  Confeder 
ates,  was  strongly  intrenched  at  Rich 
Mountain  Gap,  just  in  the  rear  of  General 
Garnett's  position.  Wishing  to  dislodge 
this  body  before  attacking  Garnett,  McClel 
lan  sent  off  Colonel  W.  S.  Rosecrans,  with 
a  number  of  Ohio  and  Indiana  soldiers 
and  a  troop  of  cavalry,  for  that  purpose. 
They  climbed  a  circuitous  and  perilous 
route  up  to  the  top  of  a  ridge  of  Rich 
Mountain,  above  Pegram's  camp.  Here 
the  Confederates  caught  sight  of  them, 
and  Pegram,  with  900  men,  armed  with 
muskets  and  cannon,  attacked  them  vigor 
ously.  The  battle  was  a  hot  one  for  some 
time,  but  Rosecrans  at  last  succeeded  in 
driving  the  enemy  back  and  taking  posses 
sion  of  its  position.  For  his  gallantry  on 
this  occasion  Rosecrans  was  commissioned 
a  brigadier  general.  Soon  afterward,  when 
McClellan  was  appointed  to  the  command 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  Rosecrans 
succeed  ;d  him  in  Western  Virginia. 


the  time  Con 
gress  assembled  on 
the  4th  of  July  the 
Confederates  had  a 
good  -sized  navy  of 
twenty  armed  vessels. 
The  first  of  these  ves 
sels  bore  the  name 
Lady  Davis.  T  h  e  y 
w  ere  all  privateers 
fitted  out  to  depre 
date  upon  the  com 
merce  of  the  United 
States.  One:  of  them, 
the  Petrel  by  name, 
made  a  costly  error 
i  n  supposing  t  he 
United  States  sail 
ing  frigate  St.  Law 
rence  was  a  richly 
laden  merchantman. 
The  mistake  was  soon 
seen  by  the  crew  of 
the  Petrel,  when, 

eagerly  making  toward  the  frigate  to  seize 
it,  they  were  met  by  a  flash  and  a  bang 
that  sent  their  vessel  to  the  bottom  in  a 
twinkling. 

CHAPTER  V. 

BATTLE  OF  BULL  RUN  —  "STONEWALL"  JACKSON  —  THE 
WAR  IN  MISSOURI  —  ENGAGEMENT  AT  CARTHAGE  — 
BATTLE  OF  WILSON'S  CREEK  —  DEATH  OF  GENERAL 
LYON  —  FREMONT'S  PLAN  FOR  REACHING  NKW  OR 
LEANS. 

ON  the  afternoon  of  July  i6th,  1861, 
50,000  of  the  troops  that  had  been  gath 
ered  at  Washington  started  out  against 
the  Confederate  hosts  intrenched  at  Ma 
nassas  Junction.  The  time  had  come  to 
make  an  attempt  to  drive  back  the  army 
preparing  to  seize  the  city.  The  soldiers, 
under  General  Irwin  McDowell,  moved  in 
five  divisions,  commanded  by  Brigadier 
Generals  Daniel  Tyler  and  Theodore  Run- 
yon,  and  Colonels  David  Hunter,  Samuel 
P.  Heintzelman  and  Dixon  S.  Miles. 
Their  opponents  had  strong  positions 
along  Bull  Run,  a  tributary  of  the  Occo- 
quan,  from  Union  Mills  to  the  stone  bridge 
on  the  Warrenton  Turnpike,  a  distance  of 
about  eight  miles,  with  reserves  near  Ma- 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HISTOff.  '  OF   THE   CIVIL    WAR. 


455 


j.assas.  They  were  also  stationed  at  Cen- 
treville  and  Fairfax  Courthouse,  ten  miles 
from  the  main  army,  in  the  direction  of 
Washington. 

General  McDowell  first  ordered  Tyler 
to  advance  on  Vienna,  then  took  the  re 
mainder  of  the  army  in  four  columns  and 
along  different  roads  toward  the  enemy's 
camp.  He  hoped  by  a  series  of  feints  to 
throw  the  Confederates  off  their  guard  and 
surprise  them  in  their  rear,  so  as  to  com 
pel  the  retreat  of  both  Beauregard  and 
fohnston  from  their  strong  positions  near 
the  seat  of  government.  The  columns 
met  with  but  little  opposition  at  first.  They 
passed  safely  through  Fairfax  Courthouse, 


his  plan   for  gaining  the  rear  of  the  Coi. 
federates  was  impracticable. 

McDowell's  troops  were  now  massed  at 
Centreville.  After  waiting  a  few  days  for 
needed  supplies  the  army,  at  two  o'clock 
on  the  morning  of  July  2ist,  moved  from 
the  village  in  three  columns,  to  attack  the 
left  flank  of  the  Confederates.  General 
Tyler,  with  the  brigades  of  Schenck  and 
Sherman  and  the  batteries  of  Ayres  and 
Carlisle,  started  toward  the  stone  bridge 
on  the  Warrenton  Turnpike,  in  order  to 
make  a  feigned  attack  near  the  bridge,  so 
that  the  two  columns  of  Hunter  and  Heint- 
zelman  could  cross  Bull  Run  at  Sudley 
Church  and  fall  upon  the  Confederate  left. 


The  memorable  battle  of  Bull  Run  then 
began  by  the  firing  of  a  shell  by  General 
Tyler  into  the  ranks  of  the  Confederates 
stationed  near  the  stone  bridge  and  com 
manded  by  Colonel  Evans.  Beauregard 
at  once  sent  re-enforcements  to  Evans,  and 
Johnston  ordered  an  attack,  led  by  General 
Ewell,  upon  McDowell's  left  wing  at 
Blackburn's  Ford.  Colonel  Evans  soon 
saw  that  Tyler's  attack  was  only  a  feint, 
and  learning  that  a  column  was  passing 
Bull  Run  at  Sudley  Church,  he  at  once 
prepared  to  meet  it.  This  column  was 
Hunter's,  composed  of  Rhode  Island,  Mas 
sachusetts  and  New  Hampshire  troops, 
with  the  batteries  of  Griffin  and  Ricketts, 


SOLDIEB8'    GKAVEYABD,   IN    THE    CAMP    NEAR    FALMOUTH,   VA. 


and  the  Confederates  at  Centreville  fled  at 
their  approach.  This  had  been  arranged 
by  Beauregard  in  order  to  lead  the  Fed 
eral  army  into  a  perilous  position.  They 
walked  into  the  trap  in  high  spirits,  think 
ing  they  were  driving  everyone  before  them. 
Suddenly  they  wen;  brought  to  a  stop  at 
Blackburn's  Ford,  on  Bull  Run,  by  Gen 
eral  James  Longstreet,  with  a  strong  force 
of  men  and  concealed  batteries.  General 
Tyler,  with  his  detachment  of  Michigan, 
Massachusetts  and  New  York  troops,  and 
Ayres's  battery,  made  areconnoissance  here, 
and  a  severe  conflict  was  the  result.  The 
Nationals  were  defeated,  and  withdrew  to 
Centreville.  This  satisfied  McDowell  that 


The  Confederates,  meanwhile,  were  mak 
ing  active  preparations  for  the  coming  bat 
tle.  Johnston  was  ordered  to  hasten  from 
Winchester  and  join  the  forces  at  Ma- 
nassas  with  the  Army  of  the  Shenandoah. 
He  managed  to  elude  Patterson,  who  was 
stationed  at  Martinsburg  to  prevent  this 
very  movement,  and  arrived  at  Manassas 
at  noon  of  the  2Oth  with  6,000  infantry, 
the  balance  of  his  army  to  follow  a  little 
later.  Beauregard's  force  now  outnum 
bered  McDowell's  by  4,000  men,  and  he 
was  in  a  much  better  position.  Upon  his 
arrival,  Johnston,  being  the  senior  in  rank, 
assumed  chief  command  of  the  Confeder 
ate  troops. 


the  whole  led  by  Colonel  Burnside.  They 
soon  appeared  in  the  open  field,  and 
Evans,  assisted  by  General  Bee,  who  com 
manded  the  reserves,  opened  fire  upon 
them.  There  was  a  terrible  battle.  After 
a  time  Evans's  line  began  to  waver,  but 
new  troops  being  advanced  by  General 
Bee,  it  recovered  its  losing  strength,  and 
Colonel  Burnside  was  compelled  to  call  for 
help.  This  came  in  the  form  of  a  battalion 
of  regulars  under  Major  Sykes.  But  even 
with  this  aid  the  Federals  were  fast  becom 
ing  exhausted.  More  re-enforcements, 
however,  soon  arrived,  in  charge  of  Col 
onel  Andrew  Porter,  and  these  were  fol 
lowed  by  Heintzelman's  column  and  part 


THE    WAI!     IN     TI.NNESSEE-CAPTURE    OF    MISSIONARY    RIPO] 

456 


•  « 


V.IK    ROSSVILLE,   BY    GENERAL    THOMAS,   NOVEMBER    25™,    1863. 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF   Tft£   CIVIL   WAR. 


of  General  Sherman's  brigade,  under  Colo 
nel  Corcoran. 

By  a  furious  charge  made  just  then  by 
Colonel  H.  XV.  Slocum's  New  York  regi 
ment  the  Confederate  line  was  broken,  and 
the  troops  lied  in  confusion  to  a  high 
plateau.  Here  their  flight  was  checked  by 
the  appearance  of  General  T.  J.  Jackson, 
who  had  arrived  with  reserves.  Rushing 
up  to  Jackson,  General  Bee  exclaimed  : 
"  They  are  beating  us  back  !"  "  Well,  sir," 
was  the  calm  reply,  "  we  will  give  them  the 
bayonet  !"  Encouraged  by  this  answer, 
Bee  cried  to  the  fugitives  to  halt,  and 
shouted  :  "  There  stands  General  Jackson, 
like  a  stone  wall  !"  It  was  thus  that  the 
calm  officer  became  known  as  "  Stone 
wall  Jackson." 


troops  took  a  position   to  the    left  of  the 
batteries. 

Then  a  terrific  struggle  began.  The 
Confederates  poured  such  a  murderous  fire 
into  the  Federal  ranks  that  the  batteries 
were  soon  disabled.  The  slaughter  on 
both  sides  was  terrible.  It  would  have 
been  hard  to  say  which  army  would  be  suc 
cessful,  although  the  National  troops 
seemed  to  be  gaining  slightly,  when  sud 
denly  the  balance  of  Johnston's  Shenan- 
doah  army,  under  General  E.  Kirby  Smith, 
appeared  on  the  scene,  and  the  tide  imme 
diately  turned.  With  these  and  other  fresh 
troops  Beauregard  in  a  few  moments 
drove  McDowell's  army  from  the  plateau 
and  sent  it  hurrying  back  to  the  turnpike 
in  great  confusion.  As  the  regiments  in 


Booneville.  There  they  made  a  stand. 
But  being  attacked  and  defeated  by  Lyon, 
they  retreated  toward  the  southwestern 
part  of  Missouri,  and  did  not  stop  until 
they  reached  the  Arkansas  border,  thus 
giving  to  the  Union  forces  the  important 
points  of  St.  Louis,  St.  Joseph,  Hannibal 
and  Bird's  Point  on  the  Mississippi  as 
bases  of  operations,  with  railroads  and  riv 
ers  for  transportation.  Knowing  that  Gen 
eral  Jackson  was  gathering  a  large  force 
in  Southwestern  Missouri,  Lyon  remained 
about  a  fortnight  at  Booneville  preparing 

o 

a  vigorous  campaign  against  him, 

This  was  at  the  beginning  of  July,  when 
there  were  at  least  io,coo  National  troops 
in  Missouri.  At  this  time  Colonel  Franz 
Sigel  was  rapidly  advancing  on  the  Con- 


\  \ 


HOW     THE     DAUGHTERS     OF     MARYLAND     RECEIVED     THE     SONS     OF     THE     NORTH     AS     THEY     MARCHED     AGAINST     THE 

CONFEDERATE     INVADERS- SCENE     ON     THE     MARCH. 


The  National  troops  had  gained  posses- 
session  of  the  Warrenton  Turnpike,  and 
they  now  turned  their  attention  to  driving 
the  enemy  from  the  plateau,  to  which 
Johnston  and  Beauregard  had  sent  bodies 
of  soldiers  under  Holmes,  Early  and  Ew- 
ell,  so  that  it  held  10,000  men  and  22 
heavy  guns.  To  capture  this  plateau  five 
brigades,  those  of  Porter,  Howard,  Frank 
lin,  Wilcox  and  Sherman,  were  detailed  to 
turn  the  Confederate  left,  while  Keyes  was 
sent  to  annoy  them  on  the  right.  Colonel 
Heintzelman's  division  began  the  attack. 
They  pressed  forward,  and  succeeded  in 
gaining  a  portion  of  the  plateau.  With 
the  support  of  Ellsworth's  Fire  Zouaves 
batteries  were  planted  upon  an  elevation 
commanding  the  whole  plateau.  This  clone, 
New  York,  Massachusetts  and  Minnesota 


front  broke  and  fled  the  others  were  seized 
with  panic,  and  the  retreat  at  once  became 
a  disorderly  rout.  Three  thousand  of  the 
Federals  were  killed,  wounded  or  taken 
prisoners,  while  the  Confederates  lost  over 
2,000.  A  great  exultant  shout  arose 
throughout  the  South  over  the  victory, 
while  a  deep  gloom  settled  upon  the  North. 
The  depression  of  the  people  of  the  loyal 
States,  however,  did  not  last  long ;  they 
arose  quickly  from  despair  to  hope,  and 
the  gaps  in  the  army  were  more  than  filled 
within  a  fortnight. 

While  the  battle  at  Bull  Run  was  being 
planned  and  fought  the  war  was  making 
great  progress  in  the  West,  especially  in 
Missouri.  General  Price,  who  led  the 
Confederates  in  that  State,  was  driven  by 
General  Lyon  from  Jefferson  City  to 


federates  stationed  on  the  borders  of  Kan 
sas  and  Arkansas.  On  reaching  Carthage, 
July  5th,  he  encountered  a  large  force  un 
der  Jackson  and  Brigadier  General  Rains 
A  sharp  fight  took  place,  and,  owing  to  su 
perior  numbers  against  him,  Sigel  was 
forced  back  and  retreated  in  good  order  to 
Springfield.  Lyon  was  then  about  eighty 
miles  from  that  city,  and  learning  of  Si- 
gel's  peril,  hastened  to  his  relief,  and  took 
command  of  the  combined  forces.  While 
this  was  being  done  Price  was  re-enforced 
by  troops  from  Texas  under  Generals  Mc- 
Culloch,  Rains,  Pearce  and  McBride. 
This  army,  numbering  about  20,000  men, 
and  led  by  General  Rains,  then  set  out  for 
Springfield.  Although  Lyon  had  not  more 
than  6,000  men  and  18  pieces  of  artillery, 
he  bravely  went  out  to  meet  the  on-coming 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 


45$ 


enemy.  The  opposing  forces  met  at  Dug 
Springs,  about  nineteen  miles  west  from 
Springfield,  and  a  desperate  battle  was 
fought.  This  was  on  August  2d.  Lyon's 
cavalry,  led  by  Captain  Stanley,  made  a 
furious  charge,  and  after  a  time  the  Con 
federates  gave  way  and  retreated  to  Wil 
son's  Creek. 

Early  the  next  morning  Lyon  pushed  on 
after  the  enemy  to  make  another  attack. 
The  troops  advanced  in  two  columns,  one 
led  by  Lyon  to  engage  their  front  ;  the 
other,  under  Sigel,  to  attack  the  rear.  The 
battle  opened  furiously.  In  the  thickest  of 
the  fight  was  Lyon.  Wherever  needed  lie 
would  dash  in  and  give  encouragement  to 
his  men  by  words  and  deeds.  Although 
his  horse  was  shot  under  him,  and  he  was 
wounded  in  the  head  and  leg,  he  was  soon 
on  another  horse,  and  placing  himself  at 
the  head  of  the  Kansas  troops,  he;  swung 
his  hat  over  his  head,  and  dashed  forward 


the  supplies  of  General  Pillow  and  others 
in  the  vicinity  of  New  Madrid,  thus  com 
pelling  their  retreat,  and  allowing  a  flotilla 
of  gunboats,  then  being  built  near  St.  Louis, 
to  descend  the  Mississippi  and  assist  in  mil 
itary  operations  against  the  batteries  at 
Memphis;  then  push  on  toward  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico  with  his  army  and  take  posses 
sion  of  New  Orleans. 

CHAPTER  VI. 

SIEGE  OP  LEXINGTON — BOMBARDMENT  OP  COLUMBUS — 
BATTLE  OF  BELMONT — CAMPAIGN  IN  WESTEKN  VIR 
GINIA — BATTLE  AT  CAKNIFEX  FKUKY — MCCLELLAN 
APPOINTED  GENERAL  IN  CHIEF — THE  "  TRENT  "  AF 
FAIR — CAPTURE  OF  KOANOKE  ISLAND. 

ABOUT  the  middle  of  August  General 
Price,  with  his  force  of  Confederates,  moved 
northward  in  the  direction  of  Lexington,  an 
important  position  in  a  curve  of  the  Mis 
souri  River.  It  was  garrisoned  by  about 
3,000  troops  under  Colonel  James  A.  Mul- 


manded  Fremont's  orders  for  battle,  and 
the  disappointed  army  was  sent  back  to  St. 
Louis.  Nine  days  after  this  General  H.  W. 
Halleck  took  command  of  the  Department 
of  Missouri.  Fremont  was  afterward  pre 
sented  with  a  sword,  on  which  was  en 
graved:  "To  the  Pathfinder,  by  the  men 
of  the  West." 

In  response  to  an  order  from  Fremont, 
just  before  he  was  deprived  of  his  com 
mand,  General  Grant,  then  in  charge  of 
the  district  around  Cairo,  sent  a  co-opera 
tive  force  along  the  line  of  the  Mississippi 
to  attack  Columbus,  then  in  the  hands  of 
the  Confederates.  One  column  of  about 
3,000  Illinois  volunteers,  under  General 
John  A.  McClernand,  went  from  Cairo  in 
transports  and  the  wooden  gunboats  Tyler 
and  Lexington,  for  the  purpose  of  menac 
ing  Columbus  by  an  attack  on  Belmont, 
opposite  ;  and  another  column,  under  Gen 
eral  C.  F.  Smith,  marched  from  Paducah 


THE    CAMPAIGN    IN    GEORGIA-FEDERAL    TROOPS    FORAGING    NEAR    WARSAW    SOUND. 


with  a  determination  to  gain  a  victory.  But 
a  bullet  in  his  heart  stopped  him,  and  he 
fell  back  dead.  For  two  hours  after  this 
the  battle  raged  ;  then  the  Confederates 
were  forced  to  retreat.  The  loss  on  the 
Union  side  was  between  1,200  and  1,300, 
and  on  the  other  about  3,000.  The  Union 
troops  then  went  back  to  Springfield  in 
order  to  protect  a  government  train,  valued 
at  $1,500.000,  from  that  city  to  Rolla,  one 
hundred  and  twenty-five  miles  in  the  direc 
tion  of  St.  Louis. 

Just  before  the  battle  of  Wilson's  Creek 
General  John  C.  Fremont  was  given  the 
command  of  the  Department  of  Missouri. 
He  at  once  formed  a  plan  for  ridding  Mis 
souri  and  the  whole  Mississippi  Valley  of 
armed  Secessionists,  and  for  opening  the 
navigation  of  the  river,  which  was  then  ob 
structed  by  Confederate  batteries  at  Mem 
phis  and  elsewhere.  It  was  a  gigantic 
plan.  He  intended  to  capture  or  disperse 
the  troops  under  General  Price  ;  seize  Lit 
tle  Rock,  the  capital  of  Arkansas  ;  cut  off 


ligan.  Price  reached  its  vicinity  early  in 
September,  and  immediately  besieged  it 
with  20,000  men.  This  was  on  the  iith, 
and  although  Mulligan  was  inadequately 
supplied  with  heavy  guns  and  ammunition 
to  sustain  a  siege  he  gallantly  defended  the 
post  against  overwhelming  numbers  until 
the  morning  of  the  2oth,  when  he  was  com 
pelled  to  surrender.  Fremont  immediately 
sent  an  army  of  more  than  20,000  men  to 
retrieve  this  disaster  by  driving  Price  and 
his  followers  out  of  Missouri.  The  army 
moved  in  five  columns,  under  Generals 
Hunter,  Pope,  Sigel,  McKinstry  and  As- 
both.  It  was  accompanied  by  eighty-six 
heavy  guns.  As  Fremont  said  in  a  report 
to  his  government,  his  plan  was  to  go  right 
through  to  New  Orleans. 

But  Fremont's  plan  was  upset.  Just 
when  he  felt  confident  of  his  success  and 
was  about  to  attack  Price  he  received  or 
ders,  emanating  from  the  jealousies  of  po 
litical  enemies,  to  turn  over  his  command 
to 'General  Hunter.  The  latter  counter- 


to  strike  Columbus  in  the  rear.  While  the 
gunboats  fired  on  Columbus  the  troops 
landed  near  Belmont,  and  at  once  attacked 
that  post.  Although  this  place  had  been 
re-enforced  by  General  Pillow,  the  National 
troops  captured  it  after  a  severe  contest ; 
but,  owing  to  a  heavy  fire  of  artillery  from 
the  bluff  at  Columbus,  they  were  unable  to 
hold  it,  and  withdrew  with  captured  men, 
horses  and  artillery.  Polk,  commanding 
Columbus,  immediately  opened  his  heaviest 
guns  upon  them  and  tried  to  cut  off  their 
retreat  with  a  large  body  of  fresh  troops 
that  he  sent  across  the  water.  Although 
there  was  a  severe  struggle,  Grant  man 
aged  to  fight  his  way  back  to  his  trans 
ports  and  escaped  under  cover  of  a  fire 
from  the  gunboats.  The  loss  in  the  en 
gagement  was  about  500  Nationals  and 
600  Confederates. 

The  war  in  Western  Virginia,  which  in 
the  summer  of  1861  seemed  to  have  been 
crushed,  was  renewed  in  the  autumn.  Gen 
eral  Robert  E.  Lee  was  then  in  charge  of 


FRAttK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL   WAR. 


THE     IRONCLAD 


'WEEHAWKEN"    RETURNING     TO     FIRE     A     PARTING     SHOT     AT     FORT     SUMTER,    AFTER     THE     BOMHARDMENT, 

APRIL    VTH,    IM;:!. 


the  forces  left  by  Garnett  and  Pegram. 
His  headquarters  were  at  Huntersville,  in 
Pocahontas  County.  Plans  were  made  by 
which  General  John  P>.  Hoyd  (Secretary 
of  \\'ar  in  Buchanan's  administration),  who 
had  beer,  given  chief  command  in  the  re 
gion  of  the  (iauley  River,  was  to  drive 
General  Cox  across  the  Ohio  River,  and 
Let:  was  to  disperse  the-  army  under  Rose- 
crans,  successor  of  McClellan,  at  Clarks 
burg,  on  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad, 
and  in  this  way  make  possible  an  invasion 
of  Confederates  into  Maryland,  Pennsylva 
nia  and  Ohio. 

But  these  excellent  plans  failed  Rose- 
crans  did  not  wait  to  be  attacked,  but 
started  out  to  disperse  Floyd's  troops. 
After  scaling  the  (iauley  Mountains  he  came 
upon  the  object  of  Ins  expedition  at  Carni- 
fex  Ferry  on  the  Gauley  River.  A  severe 
battle  of  three  hours'  duration  was  the  re 
sult.  Then  Floyd,  under  cover  of  the 
darkness,  stole  away  to  Big  Sewell  Mount 
ain,  thirty  miles  distant.  Meanwhile  Lee 
had  started  out  from  Huntersville  on  the 
night  of  September  iith,  with  9,000  men 
and  a  dozen  pieces  of  artillery,  for  the  pur 
pose  of  attacking  Klkwaterand  the  outpost 
of  Indiana  troops  on  the  summit  of  Cheat 
Mountain,  and  thus  securing  the  pass  and 
a  free  communication  with  the  Shenandoah 
Valley  at  Staunton.  But  he  was  unsuccess 
ful,  suffering  defeat  at  both  places.  He 
then  joined  Floyd  at  Big  Sewell  Mountain. 

A  few  more  vigorous  movements  on  the 
part  of  the  Union  soldiers  in  West  Vir 
ginia  soon  put  an  end  to  the  war  in  that 
State. 

Late  in  August  an  expedition,  composed 
of  eight  transports  and  war  ships,  under 
Commodore  S.  H.  Stringham,  bearing  about 
900  land  troops,  commanded  by  General 
B.  F.  Butler,  left  Hampton  Roads  for 
Hatteras  Inlet,  at  the  entrance  to  which, 
off  the  North  Carolina  coast,  the  Confed 


erates  had  erected  two  forts.  By  an  assault 
on  these  forts  by  land  and  water  Stringham 
and  Butler  succeeded  in  capturing  them. 
A  portion  of  Colonel  1  lawkins's  New  York 
Zouaves,  with  their  commander,  was  left  to 
garrison  the  position,  and  the  expedition 
returned  to  Hampton  Roads. 

Two  months  after  tins  another  expedi 
tion  was  sent  out  from  1  lampton  Roads. 
This  was  composed  of  lift}'  war  ships  and 
transports,  commanded  by  Admiral  S.  1-. 
Dupont,  ami  15,000  land  troops  under 
General  T.  \V.  Sherman.  After  passing 
through  a  severe  tempest  off  Cape  Hatteras 
all  of  the  vessels,  with  the  exception  of 
four  transports  that  were  wrecked,  gathered 
at  the  entrance  to  Port  Royal  Sound,  be 
tween  Hilton  Head  and  Philip's  Island. 

The  entrance  to  this  sound  was  guarded 
by  two  Confederate  batteries,  while  within 
the  sound  was  a  small  flotilla  of  armed  ves 
sels  commanded  by  Commodore  Tatnall, 
late  of  the  United  States  Navy,  who  had 
espoused  the  Confederate  cause.  On  the 
morning  of  November  ~\\\  Dupont  silenced 
the  two  forts  and  drove  Tatnall's  fleet  into 
shallow  water.  The  National  troops  then 
took  possession  of  Port  Royal  and  the 
neighboring  islands.  At  the  close  of  1861 
the  National  authority  was  supreme  over 
the  coast  islands  from  Warsaw  Sound  to 
the  mouth  of  the  North  Edisto  River. 

General  McClellan  assumed  command 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  as  the  forces 
around  Washington  were  called  after  the 
battle  of  Bull  Run,  on  July  2;th.  He  at 
once  became  so  popular  in  this  position 
that  when,  a  few  months  afterward  (No 
vember  1st)  General  Scott  resigned  his 
place  as  general  in  chief  of  the  armies,  on 
account  of  old  age  and  ill  health,  McClel 
lan  was  appointed  to  that  office.  He  im 
mediately  set  to  work  to  reorganize  the 
army,  which  had  been  shattered  by  the  ter 
rible  blow  at  Bull  Run. 


It  was  about  this  time  that  the  country 
was  stirred  up  over  the  capture  of  two 
Confederate  ambassadors  on  their  way  to 
Kurope.  On  October  I2th,  1861,  James 
Mason  and  John  Slidell,  who  had  been  ap 
pointed  to  represent  the  Confederate  Gov 
ernment  in  Great  Britain  and  France, 
sailed  from  Charleston  harbor  for  Havana, 
Cuba.  There  they  embarked  for  St. 
Thomas  in  the  British  mail  steamer  Trent, 
intending  to  go  to  England  in  the  regular 
packet  from  that  port.  Soon  after  the 
Trent  sailed  the  American  war  ship  San 
Jacinlo  stopped  at  Havana,  and  her  cap 
tain,  Wilkes,  learned  of  the  movements  of 
the  ambassadors.  He  at  once  set  sail  for 
the  Trent,  and  overhauling  her,  demanded 
the  delivery  of  the  two  men.  They  re 
fused  to  leave  the  ship  unless  foiced  to  do 
so.  Marines  were  at  once  dispatched  to 
the  Trent,  and  compelled  the  ambassadors 
to  surrender.  They  were  taken  on  board 
the  San  Jacimc  and  conveyed  to  Boston, 
where  they  were  placed  in  Fort  Warren  as 
prisoners  of  state. 

While  this  act  of  Captain  Wilkes  was 
loudly  applauded  by  loyal  Americans  the 
British  Government  called  it  an  outrage, 
and  followed  up  a  peremptory  demand  for 
the  release  of  the  prisoners  by  preparing 
to  enforce  the  demand  by  a  war  upon  the 
United  States.  But  their  preparations 
came  to  naught,  for,  acting  upon  the  prin 
ciple  that  the  flag  of  a  neutral  vessel  is  a 
protection  to  all  beneath  it,  the  United 
States  disavowed  the  act  of  Wilkes  and  re 
leased  the  two  men.  The  "  Trent  affair" 
caused  a  great  deal  of  excitement  in  the 
country,  but  it  soon  subsided  upon  the 
peaceful  settlement  of  the  trouble. 

The  attention  of  the  people  was  then 
directed  to  the  fitting  out  of  a  third  naval 
armament  at  Hampton  Roads.  This  con 
sisted  of  100  war  vessels  and  transports 
commanded  by  Commodore  L.  M.  Golds- 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTOOF  OF   THE   CIVIL   WAR. 


461 


borough,  and  bearing  16,000  troops  under 
General  Ambrose  E.  Burnside,  of  Rhode 
Island.  The  fleet  left  the  Roads,  January 
iith,  1862,  for  Roanoke  Island  and  Pam- 
lico  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  North  Caro 
lina.  Roanoke  Island  was  strongly  forti 
fied  with  Confederate  batteries  command 
ing  the  sounds  on  either  side.  They  were 
in  the  hands  of  North  Carolina  troops 
under  Colonel  H.  M.  Shaw. 

An  attack  was  made  upon  these  fortifi 
cations  tin;  first  week  in  February.  Golds- 
borough  took  a  fleet  of  seventy  vessels  into 
Croatan  Sound  and  opened  on  the  bat 
teries.  These  shots  received  a  hearty  re 
sponse  from  the  batteries  and  from  a  flotilla 
of  small  gunboats  commanded  by  Lieu 
tenant  W.  F.  Lynch.  The  bombardment 
lasted  all  afternoon,  and  at  midnight  about 
ri,ooo  New  England,  New  York  and  New 
Jersey  troops  were  landed  on  the  island. 
Early  in  the  morning  these  troops,  led  by 
General  J.  G.  Foster,  attacked  a  line  of 
intrenchments  that  crossed  the  island.  The 
redor.bts,  one  after  the  other,  were  capt 
ured,  although  the  Confederates,  far  in 
ferior  in  number,  made  a  gallant  defense. 
A  particularly  brave  stand  was  made  in  the 
last  redoubt,  but  through  a  furious  charge 
by  Hawkins's  Zouaves  they  were  compelled 
to  beat  a  retreat  and  submit  to  capture 
after  a  short  flight.  Thus  Roanoke  Island 
passed  into  the  hands  of  the  National 
forces.  Other  portions  of  the  North  Caro 
lina  coast,  including  Elizabeth  City,  were 
speedily  captured.  These  losses  produced 
great  depression  throughout  the  South,  as 
it  opened  a  way  by  which  Norfolk  might 
be  attacked  in  the  rear. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

PRICE  DRIVEN  INTO  ARKANSAS  —  BATTLE  or  PEA  RIDGE 
—  CAPTAIN  McBAE's  BRAVERY  —  BATTLE  OP  MILL 
SPRINGS — BEAUREGAHD  TRANSFERRED  TO  THE  WEST — 
SIEGE  AND  CAPTURE  OF  FORTS  HENKY  AND  HEIMAN. 

WHEN  General  Halleck  assumed  com 
mand  of  the  Department  of  Missouri  he 
placed  General  John  Pope  in  charge  of  a 
considerable  body  of  troops  to  oppose 
Price,  who  had  gathered  a  large  force  of 
Confederates  in  Missouri.  Pope  did  his 
work  well,  acting  with  great  vigor  and  skill. 
By  a  few  sharp,  effective  blows  here  and 
there  he  succeeded  in  preventing  organ 
ized  troops  from  joining  Price,  and  com 
pelled  the  latter  to  withdraw  to  the  bor 
ders  of  Arkansas  for  supplies  and  safety. 
Price,  however,  soon  moved  back  to  Spring 
field  with  about  12,000  men,  and  was  pre 
paring  to  spend  the  winter  there,  when 
Halleck's  troops,  under  General  S.  R.  Cur 
tis,  assisted  by  Generals  Sigel,  Davis,  As- 
both  and  Prentiss,  drove  him  away  and 
forced  him  again  into  Arkansas.  The  Mis 
souri  campaign,  from  June,  1861,  to  late  in 
February,  1862,  had  been  very  active,  sixty 
battles  and  skirmishes  having  been  fought. 
The  loss  on  both  sides  during  this  cam 
paign,  in  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners, 
was  about  12,000. 

When  General  Curtis  had  driven  the 
Confederates  into  Arkansas  he  encamped 
in  a  strong  position  in  the  vicinity  of  Pea 
Ridge,  a  spur  of  the  Ozark  Mountains. 
In  the  meantime  Price  had  been  joined  by 
General  Earl  Van  Dorn,  who  brought  with 
him  from  Western  Arkansas  Generals  Mc- 
Culloch,  Pike  and  Mclntosh.  General 
Van  Dorn  took  command  of  the  forces, 


which  numbered  about  25,000  men,  aiu" 
immediately  led  them  out  to  Curtis's  en 
campment. 

Curtis  learned  through  his  scouts  of  the 
approach  of  the  Confederates,  and  at  once 
concentrated  his  little  army  in  the  Sugar 
Creek  Valley  ;  so  that  when,  on  the  morn 
ing  of  March  yth,  1862,  Van  Dorn  had  by 
a  flank  movement  gained  Curtis's  rear,  he 
found  that  general's  troops  in  battle  array. 
Generals  Sigel  and  Asboth,  commanding 
the  First  and  Second  Divisions,  were  on 
Curtis's  left ;  General  Davis,  with  the  Third 
Division,  was  in  the  centre,  and  the  Fourth, 
under  Colonel  Carr,  formed  the  right. 
The  line  of  battle  extended  about  four 
miles.  The  contest  opened  toward  noon, 
and  continued  throughout  the  remainder 
of  the  day,  without  either  side  gaining  the 
advantage.  The  loss  was  great  on  both 
sides,  among  the  killed  being  Generals  Mc- 
Culloch  and  Mclntosh.  At  night  both 
armies  rested  on  their  arms. 

Early  the  next  morning  the  conflict  was 
renewed  with  great  vigor.  But  the  Na 
tionals  soon  put  a  stop  to  the  battle  by 
pouring  such  a  strong,  steady,  destructive 
fire  that  the  Confederates  were  unable  to 
stand  it,  and  fled  in  almost  every  direction 
in  wild  confusion.  Van  Dorn's  army  was 
really  broken  into  fragments.  Curtis  lost 
1,380  men,  and  the  other  side  about  the 
same  number. 

During  this  time  the  war  was  kindling  in 
the  Department  of  New  Mexico,  com 
manded  by  General  Canby.  Attempts 
were  made  to  attach  that  Territory  to  the 
Confederacy.  Colonel  H.  H.  Sibley,  a 
Louisianian,  with  2,300  Texans,  most  of 


KELLEY'S    FORD,   ON    THE    RAPPAHANNOCK,   THE    SCENE    OF    THE    BATTLE  .OF    THE    I?TH    OF    MARCH,   AND    OF    GENERAL    STONEMAN'S 

RECONNOISSANCE    OF    THE    21sT    OF    APRIL,    1863. 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF    THE   CIVIL    WAR, 


them  rough  rangers,  invaded  the  Territory 
in  February,  and  called  upon  the  inhabit 
ants  for  allegiance  to  the  Confederacy  and 
support  for  his  troops.  He  felt  confident 
of  success,  and  marched  slowly  toward 
Fort  Craig,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  to  attack 
Canby.  But,  finding  that  general  ready 
to  meet  him,  and  having  only  light  field- 
pieces,  he  crossed  the  Rio  Grande  and 
took  up  a  position  out  of  reach  of  the 
guns  of  the  fort.  Then,  by  a  series  of 
skirmishes,  he  drew  Canby  out.  The  hit 
ter  began  advancing  on  the  Confederates, 
when  a  body  of  Texans,  horse  and  foot, 
armed  with  carbines,  revolvers  and  bowie 
knives,  suddenly  burst  from  a  thick  wood 
and  charged  furiously  on  two  of  the  Na 
tional  batteries,  commanded  respectively  by 
Captains  McRea  and  Hall.  Although  the 


a  provisional  government,  General  John 
ston  had  concentrated  a  large  force  at 
Bowling  Green  and  strengthened  the  po 
sition  of  Polk  at  Columbus.  Right  across 
Kentucky  were  a  series  of  fortified  posts, 
the  most  important  of  which  were  Fort 
Donelson,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  and 
Fort  Henry,  on  the  Tennessee  River. 

At  the  same  time  General  Buell  had  a 
large  force  of  Union  troops  at  Louisville 
and  vicinity,  and  had  strengthened  various 
advanced  posts.  He  had  altogether  about 
i  14,000  men  under  his  command.  They 
were  arranged  in  four  columns,  commanded 
respectively  by  Brigadier  Generals  Alexan 
der  McDowell  McCook,  Ormsby  M.  Mit- 
chel,  George  H.  Thomas  and  Thomas  L. 
Crittenden,  and  aided  by  twenty  brigade 
commanders.  They  occupied  an  irregular 


his  troops  defeated.     They  fled  into  North 
eastern  Tennessee. 

This  defeat  was  a  great  blow  to  the  Con 
federates.  It  broke  their  line  in  Kentucky, 
and  made  possible  a  series  of  movements 
by  which  they  were  soon  driven  out  of  that 
State  and  also  Tennessee.  It  also  aroused 
them  to  the  necessity  of  a  bold,  able  com 
mander  in  the  West.  They  chose  Beaure- 
gard,  and  transferred  him  from  Manassas 
to  Johnston's  department,  appointing  Gen 
eral  G.  W.  Smith  to  succeed  him  in  the 
East. 

After  the  important  victory  at  Mill 
Springs  an  expedition  against  Fort  Henry 
and  Fort  Donelson  was  arranged.  Twelve 
gunboats,  which  had  been  constructed  at 
St.  Louis  and  Cairo,  were  armed  with 
heavy  guns  and  light  artillery,  and  placed 


CONFEDERATE     PRISONERS     BROUGHT     IN     AFTER     THE     BATTLE     OF     CHANCELLORSVTLLE. 


cavalry  were  driven  back,  the  Confederate 
infantry  bravely  pressed  forward  through 
a  murderous  hail  of  grapeshot,  and  capt 
ured  the  battery  of  McRae.  Its  gallant 
commander  defended  his  guns  as  long  as 
he  could,  but  was  shot  dead  while  sit 
ting  astride  a  cannon  and  fighting  his  as 
sailants  with  a  pistol.  The  Union  soldiers 
soon  broke  and  fled  to  the  shelter  of  Fort 
Craig.  Sibley  did  not  follow  up  this  vic 
tory,  but  hurried  off  to  Santa  Fe,  which  he 
captured  but  could  not  hold.  He  was 
soon  afterward  driven  into  Texas. 

The  region  of  Southern  and  Western 
Kentucky  was  at  this  time  held  by  the 
Confederates  under  General  A.  S.  John 
ston,  an  able  officer  and  veteran  soldier. 
When  the  Secessionists  of  this  State,  in  a 
convention  held  in  November,  1861,  d~* 
clared  for  the  Confederacy  and  organized 


line  across   Kentucky,  almost   parallel  with 
that  of  the  Confederates. 

On  January  7th  Colonel  James  A.  Gar- 
field,  with  a  body  of  infantry  and  cavalry, 
went  out  and  dispersed  a  large  force  of 
Confederates  under  Humphrey  Marshall  at 
Prestonburg,  on  the  Big  Sandy  River,  in 
Eastern  Kentucky.  For  his  gallantry  on 
this  occasion  Garfield  was  commissioned  a 
brigadier  general.  A  few  days  later  (Jan 
uary  i gth)  an  important  battle  was  fought 
at  Beech  Grove,  near  Mill  Springs,  on  the 
borders  of  the  Cumberland  River.  Gen 
eral  Thomas  was  sent  there  to  attack  the 
strongly  intrenched  Confederate  camp,  then 
in  charge  of  General  Crittenden.  The  Con 
federates,  led  by  General  Zollicoffer,  came 
out  to  meet  him.  The  two  forces  met  on 
the  morning  of  January  igth,  and  a  severe 
conflict  ensued.  Zollicoffer  was  killed  and 


under  the  command  of  Commodore  A.  H. 
Foote.  A  portion  of  this  fleet  gathered  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  February  3d,  1862,  a 
few  miles  below  Fort  Henry,  while  a  large 
force  of  troops,  commanded  by  General 
U.  S.  Grant,  assisted  by  General  C.  F. 
Smith,  were  landed  from  transports.  The 
fort  was  armed  with  seventeen  guns,  and 
was  in  charge  of  General  Tilghrnan. 

Grant  and  Foote  arranged  to  strike  Fort 
Henry  simultaneously.  Part  of  the  land 
troops  were  first  sent  up  the  opposite  side 
of  the  river  to  capture  Fort  Heiman  and 
prevent  its  assistance  of  Fort  Henry,  while 
the  others  proceeded  to  gain  a  point  be 
tween  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson.  Before 
these  troops  reached  their  destination, 
Foote,  by  a  heavy  bombardment  from  his 
gunboats,  Essex,  St.  Louts,  Cincinnati  and 
Carondclcti  compelled  the  surrender  of 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HISTOR^  OF    THE   CIVIL    WAR. 


403 


Fort  Henry.  The  little  garrison  made  a 
gallant  defense,  but  were  forced  to  give  in 
at  the  end  of  an  hour's  time.  Fort  Hei- 
nian  was  also  captured. 

Upon  learning  of  this  important  naval 
victory  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  wrote  to 
Foote  :  "  The  country  appreciates  your  gal 
lant  deeds,  and  this  department  desires  to 
convey  to  you  and  your  brave  associates 
its  profound  thanks  for  the  service  you 
have  rendered." 

CHAPTER    VIII. 

THE  ASSAULT  ON  FORT  DONELSON —  COWARDLY  FLIGHT 
OF  FLOYD  AND  PILLOW — "  UNCONDITIONAL  SURKEN- 
DI.U  " — FALL  OF  DONELSON — CONFEDERATE  RETREAT 
FKOM  BOWLINO  GREEN — CAPTURE  OF  ISLAND  No.  10 
—BATTLE  OF  SHILOH. 

BY  their  capture  of  Forts  Henry  and 
lleiman,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  the  Na 
tionals  gained  formidable  and  important 
posts,  and  it  gave  them  a  strong  hold  upon 
the  vicinity  of  Fort  Donelson  and  a  good 


water  batteries.  They  did  little  damage, 
while  the  gunboats  received  such  a  tre 
mendous  pounding  in  return  that  Foote 
was  compelled  to  withdraw.  He  hastened 
to  Cairo  to  have  damages  repaired  and  to 
bring  up  a  larger  naval  force.  In  the  mean 
time  Grant  resolved  to  wait. 

That  night  the  Confederates  held  a 
council  of  war.  The  fort  was  in  command 
of  ex-Secretary  Floyd,  assisted  by  Generals 
Pillow  and  Buckner.  On  the  suggestion 
of  Floyd  it  was  decided,  as  the  only  way 
to  save  the  garrison,  to  make  a  sortie  the 
next  morning,  and  rout  or  destroy  the  be 
sieging  army,  or  cut  through  it  and  escape 
in  the  direction  of  Nashville.  So  at  five 
o'clock  in  the  morning  Generals  Pillow  and 
Buckner  started  out,  the  former  to  strike 
the  Nationals  on  the  right,  McClernand's 
division,  and  the  latter  to  engage  Wallace 
in  the  centre.  Pillow's  attack  was  quick 
and  vigorous,  and  in  a  short  time  the  op- 


ville.  The  two  cowards  were  at  once  sus 
pended  from  command  by  the  Confederate 
Government. 

At  an  early  hour  the  next  morning 
Buckner  requested  the  appointment  of 
commissioners  to  agree  upon  terms  of  sur 
render.  Grant's  reply  was  brief  and  to  the 
point :  "  No  terms  other  than  unconditional 
and  immediate  surrender  can  be  accepted. 
I  propose  to  move  immediately  upon  your 
works."  The  surrender  speedily  followed. 
Thirteen  thousand  five  hundred  men  were 
captured,  besides  3,000  horses,  48  field- 
pieces,  T  7  heavy  guns,  20,000  muskets  and 
a  large  quantity  of  military  stores.  The 
loss  was  estimated  at  237  killed  and  1,000 
wounded  on  the  Confederate  side,  and  446 
killed  and  755  wounded  among  the  Fed 
erals. 

When  General  A.  S.  Johnston  heard  of 
the  fall  of  Fort  Donelson  he  immediately 
ordered  the  evacuation  of  Bowling  Green 


ADMIRAL    DUPONT'S    MACHINE    SHOP,   STATION    CREEK,   S.    C. 


position  in  the  rear  of  Columbus,  on  the 
Mississippi.  They  determined  to  at  once 
follow  up  the  advantage  thus  gained  by 
an  attack  on  Fort  Donelson,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  near  Do 
ver,  Tennessee. 

Two  divisions  of  General  Grant's  army, 
under  McClernand  and  Smith,  left  Fort 
Henry  for  Fort  Donelson  on  the  morning 
of  February  i2th,  1862.  Another  division, 
in  charge  of  General  Lewis  Wallace,  was 
left  to  hold  the  vanquished  forts.  Grant 
and  his  two  divisions  arrived  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  fort  the  same  evening,  and  went  into 
camp  to  await  the  arrival  of  the  armored 
flotilla.  Upon  looking  over  the  situation 
Grant  decided  to  send  for  Wallace  and  his 
troops.  They  arrived  at  noon  on  the  I4th, 
and  Commodore  Foote,  with  his  gunboats, 
having  arrived,  the  attack  on  -Fort  Donel 
son  was  begun  at  three  o'clock  that  after 
noon  by  the  vessels  Carondelet,  Pittsburg 
St,  Louis  and  Louisville  firing  upon  the 


posing  line  gave  way  excepting  Colonel 
John  A.  Logan's  Illinois  regiment,  on  the 
extreme  left.  This  gallant  stand,  with  the 
assistance  of  the  light  batteries  of  Taylor, 
McAllister  and  Dresser,  made  the  Confed 
erate  line  recoil.  But  being  re-enforced,  it 
soon  put  the  whole  of  McClernand's  divis 
ion  in  great  peril.  Wallace  was  then  called 
upon  for  help,  and  he  gave  such  a  hearty 
response  that  after  a  hard  struggle  the 
combined  forces  of  Pillow  and  Buckner 
were  compelled  to  fall  back  to  their 
trenches. 

The  strength  of  the  Union  forces  led 
Floyd  and  Pillow  to  see  that  the  fort  would 
soon  be  obliged  to  surrender,  and  fearing 
the  consequences  to  themselves  if  captured, 
they  turned  over  the  command  to  Buckner, 
and  under  cover  of  night  cowardly  deserted 
their  companions  in  arms  and  fled.  Floyd 
took  a  part  of  his  Virginians  with  him  up 
the  river  toward  Nashville  in  a  steamboat, 
while  Pillow  escaped  to  his  home  in  Nash- 


and  Columbus.  The  troops  in  the  formei 
place  retreated  to  Nashville,  but  being  rap 
idly  pursued  by  a  part  of  Buell's  Army  of 
the  Ohio,  under  General  Mitchel,  they 
soon  left  that  city  and  moved  quickly 
southward.  Thus  Nashville  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  Federals,  February  26th,  1862. 
Tennessee  was  now  almost  free  of  Confed 
erate  soldiers,  and  as  the  people  displayed 
signs  of  loyalty  to  the  Union,  the  National 
Government  resolved  to  re-establish  civil 
government  there.  Andrew  Johnson,  of 
East  Tennessee,  was  made  Provisional  Gov 
ernor,  with  the  military  rank  of  brigadier 
general,  and  he  entered  upon  his  duties  at 
Nashville  on  March  4th. 

Stirring  events  were  now  occurring  on 
the  Mississippi  River.  New  Madrid  and 
Island  No.  10  were  occupied  by  the  Con 
federates  who  had  evacuated  Columbus. 
Those  at  New  Madrid  were  commanded 
by  General  McCown,  and  Island  No.  10 
was  in  charge  of  General  Beauregard, 


464 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 


who,  as  we  have  seen,  had  been  sent 
West.  While  Commodore  Foote  was  at 
Cairo  preparing  for  a  siege  of  those  two 
places,  General  Pope,  dispatched  from  St. 
Louis  by  General  Halleck,  drove  the  Con 
federates  from  New  Madrid,  and  as  they 
sought  refuge  on  Island  No.  n>,  that  be 
came  the  chief  object  of  attack  by  the  Fed 
erals. 

The  island  had  been  thoroughly  fortified 
by  Beauregard,  so  that  when,  on  the  morn 
ing  of  March  i6th,  Foote  opened  upon  it 


While  awaiting  assistance  from  Pope 
Foote  determined  to  get  a  better  position, 
so  as  to  give  his  guns  chance  for  more  ef 
fective  work.  For  this  purpose  an  expedi 
tion  composed  of  Illinois  troops  and  sea 
men  was  sent  on  April  ist  to  capture  one 
of  the  seven  formidable  redoubts  on  the 
Kentucky  shore.  This  was  successful,  and 
on  the  night  of  the  3d  they  took  another. 
Then  one  of  Foote's  gunboats  (the  Caron- 
dclct,  Captain  Walke,)  sailed  down,  amid  a 
tremendous  cannonading  from  all  the  bat- 


check  the  movement  of  Federal  troops 
through  Middle  Tennessee  toward  North 
ern  Alabama  and  Mississippi.  The  next 
day  McCall  attempted  to  escape  from  the 
island  with  his  troops.  They  were  stopped 
by  Pope's  forces  under  Generals  Stanley, 
Hamilton  and  Paine,  and  Island  No.  10, 
with  the  troops,  batteries  and  supports  on 
the  main,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Fed 
erals  on  April  8th.  More  than  7,000  men 
were  surrendered  prisoners  of  war,  and 
among  the  spoils  of  victory  were  123  can- 


' 

"    " 


f|Vr. 


THE    SOLDIER'S    BEST— THE    FRIENDS    OP    THE    SEVENTH    AND    EIGHTH     REGIMENTS,   NEW    YORK    VOLUNTEERS,   WELCOMING     THE 

RETURN     OF     THEIR     HEROES     TO     NEW     YORK,    TUESDAY,    APRIL     28rn,    1863. 


with  heavy  guns  and  mortars  no  apparent 
effect  was  made  for  some  time.  While  the 
siege  was  going  on  General  Pope,  at  the 
suggestion  of  General  Schuyler  Hamilton, 
was  having  a  canal  cut  from  the  bend  of 
the  Mississippi,  near  Island  No.  8,  across 
the  neck  of  a  swampy  peninsula,  to  the  vi 
cinity  of  New  Madrid,  where  Pope  was  en 
camped.  This  was  made  to  open  a  pas 
sage  for  Pope's  troops  and  some  gunboats, 
so  that  they  might  flank  Island  No.  10  and 
insure  its  capture.  The  canal  was  twelve 
miles  long,  and  was  completed,  after  much 
hard  labor,  in  nineteen  days. 


teries  on  the  shore,  to  the  assistance  of 
Pope.  This  daring  feat  was  successfully 
accomplished,  and  the  vessel  was  received 
with  wild  huzzas  by  the  troops  at  New 
Madrid. 

This  passage  of  the  Carondclet  and  the 
near  completion  of  the  canal  showed  Beau- 
regard  that  the  siege  of  the  island  must 
soon  end  in  disaster.  So  he  immediately 
turned  over  the  command  of  the  fortifica 
tions  to  General  McCall,  and  the  troops  on 
the  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  shores  to 
General  McCown,  and  with  a  large  number 
of  his  best  soldiers  departed  for  Corinth  to 


nons  and  mortars,  7,000  small  arms,  many 
hundred  horses  and  mules,  4  steamboats, 
and  a  larjjfe  amount  of  ammunition.  The 
fall  of  this  stronghold  was  a  great  blow  to 
the  Confederacy,  and  produced  widespread 
alarm  in  the  Southern  States. 

It  now  seemed  probable  that  Fremont's 
plan  would  be  successfully  carried  out. 
Curtis  had  broken  the  military  power  of 
the  Confederacy  west  of  the  Mississippi  at 
the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge ;  and  then  another 
Federal  force  had  pushed  its  way  up  the 
Tennessee  and  gained  an  important  victory 
on  the  left  bank  of  that  stream,  not 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORY 


THE    CIVIL    WAR. 


465 


many  miles  from  Corinth.  After  the  battle 
of  Pea  Ridge,  Curtis  marched  in  a  south 
easterly  direction  and  encamped  at  Bates- 
ville,  the  capital  of  Independence  County, 
Ark.,  on  the  White  River. 

General  Grant's  army  at  the  beginning 
of  April  was  encamped  between  Pittsburg 
Landing,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Ten 
nessee,  and  the  Shiloh  Meetinghouse, 
which  stood  back  in  the  forest  about  two 
miles.  Grant's  objective  point  was  Cor 
inth,  an  important  position  on  the  line  of 
the  Charleston  and  Memphis  Railroad. 
The  seizure  of  this  place  would  give  the 
Federals  control  of  the  great  railroad  com 
munication  between  the  Mississippi  and 
the  East  and  the  border  slave-labor  States 
and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  would  also 
allow  the  troops  to  give  material  aid  to 
Foote  in  the  plan  he  was  then  making  to 
capture  Memphis. 

While  Grant  was  thus  encamped  a  large 
force  of  about  40,000  Confederates,  un 
known  to  him,  had  crept  up  from 
Corinth  to  within  a  few  miles  of 
Shiloh  Meetinghouse.  This  force 
was  in  command  of  General  A.  S. 
Johnston,  assisted  by  Generals 
Beauregard,  Polk,  Harclee,  Bragg 
and  Breckinridge.  They  decided  to 
await  the  arrival  of  Van  Dorn  and 
Price,  who  were  approaching  Mem 
phis  with  a  large  force  from  Cen 
tral  Arkansas,  before  attacking  the 
Federal  camp  ;  but,  learning  that 
General  Buell's  army  was  on  its 
way  to  join  Grant,  and  knowing 
that  the  latter  was  ignorant  of  the 
near  presence  of  his  enemy,  it  was 
resolved  to  strike  before  dawn  the 
next  day. 

The  Union  camp  was  just  awak 
ing  from  its  slumbers  on  the  morn 
ing  of  April  6th,  1862,  when  it  was 
startled  by  the  wild  cry  of  pickets 
rushing  in  with  the  intelligence  of 
the  enemy's  approach.  The  as 
sault  was  opened  by  an  attack  by 
Hardee's  division  on  General 
\V.  T.  Sherman's  troops  stationed 
in  the  woods  near  Shiloh  Meet 
inghouse.  The  Confederates 
dashed  into  the  camp,  fighting 
desperately,  and  drove  the  half- 
dressed,  half-armed  troops  before 
them.  General  Prentiss's  divis 
ion,  which  was  planted  across  the 
road  leading  to  Corinth,  was  next 
attacked.  His  column  also  gave 
way  under  the  onslaught,  and  he 
and  a  large  portion  of  his  followers 
were  made  prisoners.  A  fierce  general  strug 
gle  then  began.  For  ten  hours  the  battle 
raged,  with  terrible  slaughter  on  both  sides, 
General  W.  H.  L.  Wallace,  of  the  Fed 
erals,  and  General  Johnston,  of  the  Con 
federates,  being  killed.  At  length,  when 
night  set  in,  the  Federals  were  pushed 
back  to  the  Tennessee  River,  and  the  day 
was  fairly  won  by  the  Confederates.  Still 
the  Federals  held  their  position,  and  dur 
ing  the  night  were  re-enforced  by  the  ar 
rival  of  a  portion  of  Buell's  army  and  a  di 
vision  under  General  Lewis  \Vallace. 

On  the  morning  of  the  7th  the  fight  was 
renewed  by  an  attack  by  Wallace  on  the 
Confederate  left,  which  was  in  charge  of 
Beauregard  himself.  The  others  soon 
joined  in,  and  although  the  Confederates 
fought  bravely  they  were  soon  driven  back, 
and  at  length  fled  toward  Corinth  to  the 
heights  of  Monterey,  nine  miles  away. 
They  lost  at  least  10,000  men,  while  the 
Federals  lost  in  killed,  wounded  and  pris 
oners  13,000.  Beauregard's  army  soon 


afterward  fell  back  to  Corinth,  and  Grant 
would  have  pursued  it,  and,  in  its  weak 
condition,  probably  captured  it,  had  not 
General  Halleck,  his  superior  at  that  time, 
come  up  just  then  from  St.  Louis,  and  or 
dered  the  troops  to  rest  for  awhile.  This 
gave  the  Confederates  a  chance  to. reor 
ganize  their  forces  and  make  themselves 
ready  for  another  battle. 

CHAPTER    IX. 

HALLECK  TAKES  CORINTH  —  A  DARING  RAID  —  CAPTURE 
OF  MEMPHIS  —  FEDERAL  VICTORY  AT  NEW  BERNE  — 
SIEGE  AND  FALL  OF  FORT  PULASKI — BRILLIANT  AND 
SUCCESSFUL  PLAN  FOR  THE  TAKING  OF  NEW  OR 
LEANS—  REWARD  OFFERED  FOR  BUTLER'S  CAPTURE. 

IT  was  not  until  more  than  two  weeks 
had  elapsed  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh  that 
General  Halleck  put  his  army  in  motion  to 
capture  Corinth.  He  reached  the  vicinity 
of  that  place  on  May  3d,  and  at  once 
started  the  work  of  erecting  fortifications 
preparatory  to  a  siege.  These  were  com- 


GEXEKAL     WILLIAM     B.    FRANKLIN. 

pleted  by  the  29th,  and  arrangements  were 
made  for  an  attack  the  next  morning. 
But  during  that  night  the  enemy  fled. 
Beauregard  felt  that  his  army  was  hardiy 
strong  enough  to  cope  with  the  Army  of 
the  Tennessee,  and  so,  after  destroying 
everything  he  could  not  carry  away,  he 
took  his  troops  in  haste  to  Tupelo,  many 
miles  southward  of  Corinth.  Arriving 
there,  he  turned  over  his  command  to  Gen 
eral  Bragg  and  retired  to  some  mineral 
springs  in  Alabama  for  his  health.  Hal 
leck  marched  into  Corinth  and  held  it 
until,  shortly  afterward,  he  was  appointed 
general  in  chief  of  all  the  armies,  and  left 
for  Washington.  General  Thomas  then 
took  command  in  Corinth,  and  General 
Grant  of  his  old  army. 

The  fall  of  Corinth  completed  a  series 
of  events  by  which  the  Federals  gained 
possession  of  all  Kentucky,  Western  and 
Middle  Tennessee,  Northern  Mississippi 
and  Northern  Alabama  ;  for  just  before 
(April  nth)  General  Mitchel,  with  part  of 


Buell's  army,  had  by  rapid  inarches  from 
Nashville  and  by  a  sudden  charge  on  the 
city  of  Huntsville,  Ala.,  secured  control  of 
the  Charleston  and  Memphis  Railroad 
from  Tuscumbia  on  the  west  to  Stevenson 
on  the  east,  and  also  of  the  Tennessee 
River  for  about  one  hundred  miles. 

Mitchel  was  a  daring  and  audacious  gen 
eral,  and  accomplished  splendid  work  for  the 
Union  cause.  It  was  he  who  set  in  motion 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  enterprises 
undertaken  during  the  war.  This  was  an 
attempt  to  destroy  railroad  communication 
between  Chattanooga  and  Atlanta.  Un 
der  his  orders  J.  J.  Andrews,  with  twenty- 
two  picked  men,  disguised  as  Confederate 
citizens,  walked  to  Marietta  and  took  a 
train  for  a  station  a  short  distance  from  the 
foot  of  the  Great  Kenesaw  Mountain. 
There  they  took  advantage  of  the  absence 
of  the  engineer  and  conductor  at  breakfast 
by  uncoupling  the  engine,  tender  and  box 
car.  With  these  they  dashed  up  the  road 
at  full  speed,  and  soon  began  the 
destruction  of  the  track.  But  it 
was  not  long  before  a  train  was 
started  in  pursuit  of  them.  An  ex 
citing  chase  ensued.  Onward  sped 
pursued  and  pursuer.  For  many 
miles  the  two  engines  flew  at  a 
terrific  pace.  But  having  to  stop 
now  and  then  to  cut  telegraph 
wires  and  tear  up  the  track,  An 
drews  and  his  men  began  to  lose 
ground,  and  the  pursuers  rapidly 
gained  upon  them.  At  length  the 
fuel  of  the  fugitives  gave;  out, 
and  they  were  compelled  to  leave 
their  engine  about  fifteen  miles 
from  Chattanooga.  They  fled  to 
the  shelter  of  the  woods  near 
Chickamauga  Creek,  and  defied 
capture  for  some  time.  But  the 
Confederates,  with  the  aid  of 
bloodhounds,  at  last  ferreted  them 
out,  and  the  whole  party  was 
caught.  Andrews  and  seven  of 
his  companions  were  hanged.  This 
daring  raid  elicited  the  approval 
of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  he 
presented  each  of  the  survivors  a 
bronze  medal. 

After  the  capture  of  Island  No. 
10  Commodore  Foote  started 
down  the  Mississippi  River  with 
his  armed  vessels  and  transports 
containing  Pope's  army,  in  the 
hope  of  taking-  Memphis.  He  was 
stopped  about  eighty  miles  above 
that  city  by  the  appearance  of  a 
Confederate  flotilla  under  Captain 
Rollins,  and  3,000  troops  under.  General 
Jeff.  Thompson  from  Fort  Pillow,  on 
Chickasaw  Bluffs,  then  in  command  of 
General  Villepigue.  Foote  opened  upon 
the  enemy  at  once,  but  being  unassisted  by 
Pope's  troops,  who,  after  landing  on  the 
Arkansas  shore,  were  prevented  from  ad 
vancing  by  the  flooded  condition  of  the 
country,  was  compelled  to  withdraw.  Hol- 
lins  then  reorganized  his  flotilla,  and  on 
May  loth,  with  the  assistance  of  the  heavy 
guns  on  Fort  Pillow,  attacked  Foote.  He 
was,  however,  repulsed,  and  as  Foote  was 
unable  to  follow  up  this  victory,  the  op 
posing  fleets  stood  quiet  for  two  weeks. 
Then  the  Confederates,  learning  of  the 
loss  of  Corinth,  hurried  down  to  Memphis. 
Foote  was  now  re-enforced  by  a  "  ram  " 
squadron,  prepared  by  Colonel  Charles 
Ellet,  Jr.,  and  on  June  6th  he  attacked  the 
Confederate  squadron  in  front  of  Memphis. 
This  being  disposed  of,  Federal  troops 
under  General  Lewis  Wallace  took  posses 
sion  of  the  city. 


466 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF    THE   CIVIL   WAR. 


A  short  time  before  the  events  just  re 
corded  General  Burnside  and  Commo 
dore  Rowan  set  out  to  follow  up  the  capt 
ure  of  Roanoke  Island  and  vicinity  by 
other  important  movements  on  the  North 
Carolina  coast.  On  March  1 2th,  1862, 
they  reached  the  Neuse  River,  and  the 
next  morning  15,000  troops,  under  Gen 
erals  Foster,  Reno  and  Parke,  were  landed 
and  marched  against  a  strongly  intrenched 
position  of  the  Confederates,  under  Gen 
eral  Branch,  at  New  Berne.  On  the  morn 
ing  of  the  1 4th  the  attack  was  made,  and 
although  the  Confederates  held  out  bravely 
and  persistently,  they  were  at  length  over 
come  by  superior  numbers  and  fled  across 
the  Trent.  By  burning  the  bridges  behind 
them  they  managed  to  escape.  The  Fed 
erals  then  took  possession  of  New  Berne. 
This  was  followed  on  April  25th  by  the 
capture  of  Fort  Macon,  on  a  point  of 
Bogue  Island  near  the  entrance  to  Beau 
fort  harbor,  and  by  the  accession  of  other 
important  places  on  the  coast,  among  them 
Plymouth,  Winton  and  Washington. 

Farly  in    1X62    General  T.  W.  Sherman, 
in    command    of    the    Department    of    the 
South,   began    pre 
parations    for     the 
bo  m  bard  m  e  n  t    of 
Fort     Pulaski.       Bat 
teries  of   rifled    guns 
and     mortars    wen; 
planted   on    Big    Ty- 
bee     Island    south 
east     of     Cockspur 
Island,      on     w  h  i  c  h 
the      fort     stood. 
T  h  e  n     the     Savan 
nah      River,     in      the 
rear  of  the   fort, 
effectually    close 
by   the   erection  of 
h  e  a  v  y     batten 
\  enus's     Point,    on 
Jones's     Island,    and 
a     smaller     one      on 
Bird  Island.      Before 
the    attack    on     Fort 
Pulaski    was    m  a  d  e 
( i  e  n  e  r  a  1    Sherman 
w  a  s    succeeded    by 
General       David 
H  u  n  t  e  r     in      the 
co  m  m  a  n  d     of    the 
Department  of  the  South 
1862). 

The   siege   opened   on 
heavy  cannonading   from 
and,  under  the  direction 
more  and  Viele. 
well  defended. 


New  Orleans,  Baton  Rouge  and  Galves- 
ton  the  National  Government  placed  Gen 
eral  Benjamin  F.  Butler  in  command  of 
the  Department  of  the  Gulf,  and  directed 
him  to  co-operate  with  the  navy  there  in 
an  effort  to  capture  those  places.  Just  be 
fore  leaving  Washington  General  Butler 
said  to  the  President:  "Good-by.  We 
shall  take  New  Orleans  or  you  will  never 
see  me  attain."  And  Secretarv  Stanton, 

•  • 

who  was  standing  near,  replied  :  "  The  man 
who  takes  New  Orleans  is  made  a  lieuten 
ant  general." 

New  Orleans  being  the  chief  object  of 
the  expedition,  it  was  arranged  to  have  all 
the  lai  J  and  naval  forces  gather  at  Ship 
Island,  off  the  coast  of  Mississippi.  So 
when  Butler  arrived  at  that  place  with 
about  14,000  troops  from  Fortress  Monroe 
he  found  there  General  Phelps  with  Mas 
sachusetts  and  Connecticut  troops,  Admiral 
Farragut  with  a  naval  force,  anil  a  fleet  of 
bomb  vessels  commanded  by  Commodore 
David  D.  Porter.  lie  also  found  the  pas 
sage  to  New  Orleans  well  guarded.  Two 
forts — Jackson  and  St.  Philip — stood  on  a 
bend  of  the  Mississippi  River,  seventy-six 


battle  on  the  morning  of  April  i8th,  1862. 
Porter's  mortar  boats,  supported  by  the 
gunboats,  responded,  and  there  was  a  se 
vere  conflict  for  several  days.  But  Farra 
gut  soon  saw  that  he  would  not  be  able  to 
silence  the  enemy,  and  he  determined  to 
run  by  the  forts  on  the  night  of  the  23d. 
The  perilous  voyage  started  at  two  o'clock 
in  the  morning,  the  mortar  boats  covering 
the  movements  of  the  gunboats.  The  flag 
ship  Hartford,  with  Farragut,  and  two 
other  strong  vessels,  sailed  up  the  right 
bank  of  the  river  to  attack  Fort  Jackson, 
while  eight  gunboats,  commanded  by  Cap 
tain  Theodorus  Bailey,  kept  the  eastern 
bank  to  look  after  Fort.  St.  Philip. 

I  he  dark  night  was  soon  lighted  up  by 
the  rapid  flashes  from  the  forts  and  on  the 
mortar  boats,  and  from  blazing  fire  rafts  sent 
down  by  the  Confederates.  The  scene  was 
a  grand  one  and  the  noise  terrific.  Twenty 
mortars  and  260  great  guns  bellowed  forth 
their  thunder,  and  these,  with  the  constant 
explosion  of  shells,  made  the  earth  fairly 
tremble.  Farragut  climbed  into  the  fore 
rigging  of  the  Hartford  and  by  watching 
the  combat  through  a  night  glass  directed 

the     movements     of 


was 


at 


the    boats 
possible, 
passed     the 
safely,    only 
attacked    by 
flotilla    of    ' 
a  n  il 


as   far  as 
The    fleet 
forts 
to     be 
a   large 
r  a  m  s  " 
u  n  b  o  a  t  s  . 


h  o  w  ever, 
soon    disposed 


These, 
were 

of.  The  g  u  n  b  oat 
/  crmia,  C  a  p  t  a  i  n 
Boggs,  especially  dis 
tinguished  herself 
r  u  s  h  i  n  g 


here, 


among 


(8th  of  March, 

April    loth   by  a 
Big  Tybee   'isl- 
of  Generals  Gill- 
For  two  days  the  fort  was 
Then   the  balls  and   shells 


had  played  such  havoc  with  its  walls  that 
the  garrison  was  obliged  to  surrender.  The 
gain  of  this  important  position  made  it 
possible  for  the  Federals  to  close  the  port 
of  Savannah  against  the  numerous  block 
ade  runners  that  were  then  making  mischief 
all  along  the  coast. 

Meanwhile  Commodore  Dupont,  then  in 
command  of  the  navy  on  the  Southern 
coast,  with  the  assistance  of  General 
Wright,  had  captured  Fort  Clinch,  on 
Amelia  Island,  and  compelled  the  Confed 
erates  to  abandon  their  other  forts  along 
the  coasts  of  Florida  and  Georgia.  Jack 
sonville  was  captured,  March  i  ith,  by  a  flo 
tilla  of  gunboats  and  a  body  of  troops  un 
der  Lieutenant  T.  H.  Stevens,  and  St.  Au 
gustine  was  taken  possession  of  by  Com 
mander  C.  R.  P.  Rodgers.  This  alarmed  the 
Confederates,  and  they  at  once  fled  from 
Pensacola  and  all  their  fortifications  on  the 
main  opposite  Fort  Pickens. 

In  order  to  gain  possession  of  Mobile, 


THE     MULE     CORRAL     AT     PITTSIU'RG     LANDING. 

miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  a  num 
ber  of  smaller  fortifications  were  above 
these,  and  obstructions  had  been  placed  in 
the  river  below. 

General  Butler  at  once  conferred  with 
Farragut  and  Porter,  and  the  three  agreed 
upon  a  plan  for  the  capture  of  New  Or 
leans.  It  was  arranged  that  first  an  attack 
would  be  made  on  the  forts  below  by  Por 
ter's  bomb  vessels.  If  this  failed  Farragut 
was,  if  possible,  to  take  his  stronger  ves 
sels  past  the  forts,  cut  off  their  supplies 
and  supports,  and  attack  the  Confederate 
vessels  up  the  river.  General  Butler  was 
then  to  attempt  the  capture  of  Fort  St. 
Philip  by  an  assault  in  the  rear  with  his 
troops.  Then  the  land  and  naval  forces 
could  press  on  to  New  Orleans. 

According  to  this  plan  the  two  fleets,  in 
which  there  were  forty-seven  armed  vessels 
and  some  transports  bearing  troops;  pro 
ceeded  up  the  river.  Porter's  mortar  boats, 
which  led  the  procession,  managed  to  get 
a  good  position  near  the  forts  by  assuming 
a  disguise  in  the  shape  of  mud  on  their 
hulls  and  branches  of  trees  in  their  masts, 
yards  and  rigging.  The  obstructions  in  the 
Mississippi  had  been  swept  away  by  the 
swelling  of  the  river. 

A  shot   from   Fort  Jackson  opened  the 


n  g  n 
the  Confed 
erate  vessels  anil 
firing  broadsides 
right  and  left  until 
she  had  driven  three 
of  them  a  shore. 
Nearly  the  whole  of 
the  Confederate  flo 
tilla  was  destroyed 
within  the  space  of 
half  an  hour.  This 
great  victor)'  cost 
the  Federals  the 

loss  of  but  30  men  killed  and  125  wounded. 
In  the  meantime  Butler  had  landed  his 
troops  and  gained  the  rear  of  Fort  St. 
Philip,  where  he  soon  compelled  the  sur 
render  of  the  garrison.  A  little  later  Por 
ter  captured  Fort  Jackson  with  nearly  1,000 
men.  Then  Farragut,  with  a  fleet  of  thir 
teen  vessels,  sailed  up  to  New  Orleans. 
The  people  there  were  panic-stricken.  Men 
and  women  rushed  through  the  streets  cry 
ing,  "  Burn  the  city  !  Burn  the  city  !" 
Thousands  of  dollars'  worth  of  cotton  was 
hurriedly  carried  to  the  levees  to  be  burned  ; 
specie  to  the  amount  of  $4,000,000  was 
sent  out  of  the  city  by  railroad,  and  a  large 
number  of  citizens  fled  from  the  doomed 
town.  As  Farragut  approached,  on  April 
25th,  General  Lovell  and  his  troops  set  fire 
to  the  cotton  and  quickly  decamped.  Far 
ragut  held  the  city  until  General  Butler  ar 
rived  with  his  troops  and  took  formal  pos 
session.  Butler  made  his  headquarters  at 
the  St.  Charles  Hotel  and  at  once  pro 
claimed  martial  law.  One  of  his  first  acts 
was  to  cause  the  arrest  and  immediate  tria1! 
on  a  charge  of  treason  of  a  man  named 
Mumford  for  pulling  down  the  national  flag 
on  the  Mint.  Mumford  wasconvictecl  and 
quickly  hanged. 

Butler's  rigorous  rule  of  New  Orleans  ex- 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTO 


OF  THE  CIVIL   WAR. 


467 


cited  a  violent  personal  hatred  of  the  gen 
eral.  Richard  Yeadon,  a  prominent  citizen 
of  Charleston,  offered  a  reward  of  $10,000 
for  his  capture  and  delivery,  dead  or  alive, 
to  any  Confederate  authority.  Jefferson 
Davis  issued  a  proclamation  in  which  he 
pronounced  Butler  to  be  a  felon  deserving 
of  capital  punishment,  and  "  should  not  be 
treated  as  a  public  enemy  of  the  Confed 
erate  States,  but  as  an  outlaw  and  common 
enemy  of  mankind  ;"  and  he  ordered  that, 
"  in  the  event  of  his  capture,  the  officer  in 
command  of  the  capturing  force  do  cause 
him  to  be  immediately  executed  by  hang 
ing."  Then,  in  a  letter  to  the  Charleston 
Courier,  a  "  Daughter  of  South  Carolina  " 
wrote  :  "  I  propose  to  spin  the  thread  to 
make  the  cord  to  execute  the  order  of  our 
noble  President  Davis  when  old  Butler  is 
caught ;  and  my  daughter  asks  that  she 


February  22d.  McClellan  was  then  or 
dered  to  first  march  against  Manassas. 
The  general  in  chief,  however,  remon 
strated  against  this,  and  proposed  to  take 
his  army  to  Richmond  by  way  of  Fortress 
Monroe  and  the  peninsula,  between  the 
York  and  James  Rivers.  The  President 
did  not  agree  to  this,  and  it  was  decided  to 
submit  the  matter  to  a  council  of  officers, 
when  McClellan's  plan  was  accepted.  The 
general,  however,  thought  best  to  wait 
until  the  forces  in  the  West  had  gained 
victories  before,  starting  for  Richmond. 

Then,  learning  that  the  Confederates 
had  retreated  from  Manassas  toward  Rich 
mond,  McClellan  took  his  whole  army 
across  the  Potomac  and  advanced  on  aban 
doned  Manassas,  to  give  his  soldiers,  as  he 
explained,  a  little  active  experience  pre-- 
paratory  to  the  campaign  !  The  army  had 


pending  disaster.  But  relief  came  to  them 
unexpectedly  that  night  in  the  shape  of  the 
Monitor,  a  small  but  strong  gunboat,  with 
its  deck  almost  level  with  the  surface  of 
the  water,  and  having  in  its  centre  a  round 
tower  of  heavy  iron.  This  tower  was 
made  to  revolve  so  that  its  two  heavy  guns 
within  could  be  brought  to  bear  upon  any 
point  without  changing  the  position  of  the 
vessel.  This  little  craft  had  been  con 
structed  by  Captain  John  Ericsson  at  New 
York,  and  arrived  at  Hampton  Roads  just 
in  the  nick  of  time  to  show  its  usefulness. 

Upon  reporting  to  the  flag  officer  in  the 
Roads,  Lieutenant  John  L.  Worden,  com 
mander  of  the  Monitor,  learned  the  situa 
tion  of  affairs,  and  at  once  made  prepara 
tions  to  meet  the  mischief  maker  from  Nor 
folk.  Early  the  next  morning,  March  gth, 
1862,  the  Merrimac  appeared  coming  out 


THE    AKMY    OF    THE    POTOMAC- SCENE    AT    THE    CROSSING    OF    KETTLE    BUN. 


may  be    allowed  to    adjust    it    around  his 
neck." 

CHAPTER    X. 

DISAGREEMENT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT  AND  GENERAL  MC 
CLELLAN —  THE  "MONITOR"  AND  THE  "  MERRI- 
MAC  "  -  —  BATTLE  OF  WINCHESTER  —  OPENING  THE 
CAMPAIGN  ON  THE  VIRGINIA  PENINSULA  —  ENGAGE 
MENT  AT  WlLLIAMSBURG. 

THE  Grand  Army  of  the  Potomac,  un 
der  General  McClellan,  lay  idle  for  some 
time  in  the  vicinity  of  Washington,  await 
ing  orders  to  advance.  It  had,  however, 
been  disciplined  and  recruited  from  time 
to  time,  so  that  early  in  1862  it  comprised 
a  strong  force  of  200,000  men. 

The  people  had  at  last  become  impa 
tient  for  these  troops  to  do  something  to 
help  crush  the  Confederacy.  So  the  Pres 
ident,  on  January  27th,  issued  a  general 
order  directing  a  simultaneous  movement 
of  all  the  land  and  naval  forces  of  the 
United  States  against  the  Confederates  on 


a  pleasant  little  outing,  and  then  moved 
back  to  Alexandria.  This  so  disgusted  the 
President  that  he  at  once  relieved  Mc 
Clellan  of  his  position  as  general  in  chief, 
and  put  him  in  command  of  only  the  De 
partment  of  the  Potomac. 

At  about  this  time  a  short,  sharp  and  de 
cisive  battle  between  two  small  but  power 
ful  vessels  occurred  in  Hampton  Roads. 
The  Confederates,  as  before  noted,  had 
raised  the  Merrimac,  one  of  the  ships  sunk 
in  the  river  at  Norfolk,  and  converted  her 
into  an  ironclad  gunboat.  On  March  8th 
this  vessel  started  on  a  trip  of  destruction 
among  the  ships  at  the  mouth  of  the  James 
River,  and  suceeded  in  sinking  the  wooden 
sailing  frigates  Congress  and  Cumberland. 
This  spread  alarm  among  the  army  and 
navy  officers  in  Hampton  Roads,  as  they 
feared  other  transports  and  war  vessels 
would  share  the  fate  of  the  frigates.  They 
could  devise  no  means  to  prevent  the  im- 


of  the  Elizabeth  River,  and  the  Monitor 
went  down  to  stop  it.  There  was  a  terrific 
conflict,  both  vessels  hurling  huge  missiles 
with  tremendous  force  against  each  other. 
No  effect  seemed  to  be  produced  on  the 
iron  sides  of  the  Monitor,  while  the  Merri 
mac  suffered  so  much,  she  was  soon  obliged 
to  give  up  the  fray  and  fly  to  Norfolk. 
Both  of  the  commanders  were  wounded, 
Lieutenant  Worden  being  struck  in  the 
face  by  the  sudden  dislodgment  of  the  ce 
ment  around  the  peephole  in  the  turret, 
caused  by  the  striking  of  one  of  the  shots 
on  that  point.  The  Merrimac  never  vent 
ured  out  again. 

When  the  Confederates  evacuated  Ma 
nassas  Stonewall  Jackson  had  taken  up  a 
position  at  Winchester,  in  the  Shenandoah 
Valley.  General  N.  P.  Banks,  then  in 
command  of  the  Federal  troops  near  Har 
per's  Ferry,  wishing  to  secure  control  of 
the  valley,  dispatched  General  Shields  to 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF    THh    CIVIL    WAR. 


attack  Jackson.  The  latter  withdrew  fur 
ther  up,  and  Shields,  after  pursuing  him 
for  some  distance,  encamped  at  Winches 
ter.  Jackson  then,  being  re-enforced,  came 
down  the  valley  with  a  large  body  of 
troops,  infantry  and  cavalry,  and  attacked 
Shields  at  Kernstown,  just  west  of  Win 
chester,  on  March  22d.  After  a  sharp  and 
severe  engagement,  in  which  Shields  was 
badly  wounded,  the  Confederates  were  de 
feated.  They  fled  up  the  valley,  with 
Banks's  men  close  on  their  heels. 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac  began  its 
campaign  on  the  Virginia  Peninsula  early 
in  April.  All  but  about  73.000  of  that 
army,  which  were  left  for  the  protection  of 
Washington,  had  been  transferred  to  For 
tress  Monroe  by  General  McClellan.  There 
were  now  about  121,000  men  at  that  place, 
and  these  were  moved  in  two  columns  up 
the  penirsula;  one  column  under  General 
Heintzelman  marching  near  the  York 
River,  and  the  other,  under  General  Keyes, 
near  the  James  River.  A  fortified  line  had 
been  formed  across  the  peninsula  by  a 
comparatively  small  Confederate  force  un 
der  General  |.  B.  •Magruder.  Being  de 
ceived  as  to  the  number  of  the  Confeder- 


turned  the  flank  of  the  enemy.  This  drove 
the  Confederates  into  a  precipitate  retreat, 
leaving  about  800  of  their  wounded  behind 
them. 

The  Federals  would  have  pressed  on  in 
pursuit  of  the  fugitives,  and  probably  capt 
ured  or  dispersed  the  whole  army,  but 
McClellan  came  on  the  battlefield  just 
then  and  would  not  allow  it.  Instead  he 
marched  slowly  forward,  and  when  he 
reached  the  Chickahominy  River  Johnston 
was  safe  beyond  it.  In  the  battle  of  Will- 
iamsburg  the  Federal  loss  was  2,200  and 
the  Confederate  1,000. 

McClellan  had  moved  only  thirty-six 
miles  toward  Richmond  during  the  month 
after  his  arrival  at  Fortress  Monroe.  The 
principal  reason  given  for  this  slow  prog 
ress  was  his  fear  that  he  had  not  troops 
enough  to  defeat  the  enemy.  His  army 
had  been  somewhat  depleted  by  the  with 
drawal  of  Blenker's  division  of  10,000  men 
to  strengthen  Fremont,  who  was  in  com 
mand  of  the  Mountain  Department,  beyond 
the  Blue  Ridge,  and  of  McDowell's  army 
corps,  who  were  ordered  to  a  position 
where  they  could  be  ready  to  assist  in  the 
defense  of  the  capital  or  in  an  attack  upon 


structions  in  the  river  put  a  stop  to  the 
chase. 

After  Johnston  had  withdrawn  his  troops 
from  Manassas,  McDowell  with  30,000  men 
took  up  a  position  at  Fredericksburg,  ready 
for  any  emergency.  Banks  was  then,  as  we 
have  seen,  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley.  At 
the  beginning  of  May  General  Ewell,  who 
had  just  joined  Stonewall  Jackson  near 
Harrisonburg,  in  the  upper  part  of  the  val 
ley,  was  ordered  to  hold  Banks,  while  Gen 
eral  Robert  E.  Lee  should  push  across  the 
Rappahannock  and  cut  off  all  communica 
tion  between  Alexandria  and  Winchester. 

While  on  the  way  to  join  the  Federals  in 
the  valley  one  of  Fremont's  brigades,  un 
der  General  Milroy,  fell  in  with  Jackson's 
troops.  The  latter  at  once  moved  against 
Milroy,  and  at  McDowell,  west  of  Staun- 
ton,  a  severe  battle  of  about  five  hours 
took  place,  May  8th.  Although  neither 
side  could  be  said  to  have  won,  Jackson 
sent  a  note  to  Ewell  the  next  morning,  say 
ing  :  "Yesterday  God  gave  us  the  victory 
at  McDowell."  In  this  battle  the  Federals 
lost  in  killed  and  wounded  256  men,  and 
the  Confederates  461. 

Some  stirring  events  now  occurred  in  the 


THE    JXVASION    OF    PENNSYLVANIA— BATTLE     OF    GETTYSBURG,    FKIJUY,   JULY    3i>,   18(53. 


ates,  McClellan  decided  he  could  not  get 
beyond  Yorktown  without  re-enforcements, 
and  while  awaiting  these  remained  nearly 
a  month  below  that  place.  Then  a  regu 
lar  siege  of  Yorktown  was  begun  by  Gen 
eral  Fitzjohn  Porter,  although  the  Federals 
were  ten  times  stronger  in  number  than 
the  Confederates.  After  an  attempt  to 
capture  the  intrenchments  on  the  Warwick 
River  by  a  division  under  General  Smith, 
of  Reyes's  column,  had  failed,  Magruder 
tell  back  to  the  stronger  intrenchments  in 
front  of  Williamsburg.  He  was  pursued 
by  General  Sumner  and  the  main  body  of 
the  Federals,  while  McClellan  remained  at 
Yorktown  and  sent  troops  under  General 
Franklin  up  the  York  River  to  strike  the 
enemy  on  the  left. 

General  Joseph  E.  Johnston  now  made 
his  appearance  and  assumed  chief  command 
of  the  Confederates.  He  soon  withdrew 
his  main  army  and  fell  back  toward  Rich 
mond,  leaving  the  remainder  to  hold  Wili- 
iamsburg.  On  his  retreat  he  was  surprised 
by  an  attack,  on  May  5th,  by  Generals 
Hooker,  Kearny  and  Hancock.  A  severe 
battle  followed.  Hooker  led  the  assault, 
and  kept  it  up  for  fully  nine  hours,  when 
Kearny  came  to  his  aid  and  Hancock 


Richmond.  In  addition  to  these  with 
drawals,  General  Wool,  with  his  10,000 
men  at  Fortress  Monroe,  was  made  inde 
pendent  of  McClellan's  orders.  As  the  lat 
ter  felt  that  he  could  not  absolutely  depend 
on  any  of  these  troops  for  support,  he 
kept  hesitating  and  complaining  of  a  want 
of  men,  although  the  President  urged  him 
to  act  at  once  before  the  enemy  should 
gather  in  greater  strength  on  his  front. 

General  John  E.  Wool,  feeling  certain 
that  the  Confederates  could  easily  be  driv 
en  out  of  Norfolk,  started  from  Fortress 
Monroe  and  made  a  personal  reconnois- 
sance.  Then  he  crossed  Hampton  Roads 
and  landed  a  few  regiments  for  the  purpose 
of  striking  the  rear  of  the  fortifications  be 
low  that  city  ;  but  upon  reaching  the  place 
he  found  that  General  Huger,  in  command 
at  Norfolk,  had  already  retreated,  and 
Wool  gained  the  city  without  a  fight,  on 
May  gth.  Before  leaving  Norfolk  the  Con 
federates  set  fire  to  the  once  powerful  but 
now  much-battered  Merrimac.  The  Con 
federate  vessels  in  the  James  River  set  off 
for  Richmond,  hotly  pursued  by  Commo 
dore  Rodgers's  flotilla  of  gunboats  to 
within  eight  miles  of  Richmond,  where 
a  strong  fort  on  Drewry's  Bluff  and  ob- 


Shenandoah  Valley.  Ewell  pressed  back 
Banks  to  Strasburg,  and  a  little  later  (May 
23d)  the  combined  forces  of  Jackson  and 
Ewell  captured  or  dispersed  the  Federal 
troops  at  Front  Royal,  under  Colonel  J.  R. 
Kenly,  of  Baltimore.  Then  Banks  re 
treated  quickly  down  the  valley,  pursued 
by  20,000  Confederates.  Arriving  at  Win 
chester,  he  made  a  stand,  with  7,000  men, 
against  an  attack  by  Ewell,  on  May  25th. 
After  fighting  gallantly  for  several  hours 
Banks  was  compelled  to  retreat  because  of 
the  approach  of  Jackson  with  an  overwhelm 
ing  force.  The  Federals  were  pursued  as 
far  as  Martinsburg,  and  they  encamped  for 
the  night  on  the  Potomac,  at  Williams- 
port. 

Learning  of  these  movements,  McDowell 
sent  a  force  over  the  Blue  Ridge  to  inter 
cept  the  Confederates  if  they  should  re 
treat,  and  Fremont  hurried  on  from  the 
west,  toward  Strasburg,  with  the  same  ob 
ject  in  view.  At  this  Jackson  moved  vvith 
his  whole  force  up  the  valley,  and  the  Fed 
erals  gave  chase.  Fremont  overtook  Ewell 
at  Cross  Keys,  beyond  Harrisonburg,  on 
June  7th.  The  battle  was  sharp  but  unde 
cisive.  At  the  same  time  troops  under 
Generals  Carroll  and  Tyler  were  pressing 


1     U 

FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HISTOR$JK)F    THE   CIVIL    WAR. 


469 


Jackson  at  Port  Republic,  beyond  the 
Shenandoah  River,  so  closely  that  he  called 
upon  Ewell  for  help.  The  latter  set  out  at 
once  to  obey  the  call,  and  by  burning  the 
bridge  over  the  Shenandoah,  near  Port  Re 
public,  stopped  the  pursuit  of  Fremont. 
Jackson  then,  with  his  large  force,  easily 
routed  his  enemies,  and  they  fell  back  to 
Winchester. 

By  the  middle  of  May  General  McClel- 
lan  managed  to  get  within  nine  miles  of 
Richmond,  making  his  headquarters  at 
Cold  Harbor,  near  the  Chickahominy  River, 
and  toward  the  close  of  that  month  the  two 
armies  of  McClellan  and  Johnston  con 
fronted  each  other  upon  opposite  sides  of 
the  Chickahominy.  Nothing  was  done  for 
•i  time,  as  both  generals  were  waiting  for 
re-enforcements  from  the  Shenandoah  Yal- 
ley. 

1  he  proximity  of  the   Federals  alarmed 


erals  took  possession  of  the  Richmond  side 
of  the  Chickahominy.  Seeing  the  result 
of  this  bold  dash,  McClellan  the  next  day 
ordered  an  immediate  advance  on  Rich 
mond  ;  but  with  his  usual  hesitancy  he 
waited  until  it  was  too  late  to  carry  out  the 
order,  and  nothing  was  done  for  several 
days  except  the  sending  of  General  Fitz- 
john  Porter  with  a  large  force  to  Hanover 
Courthouse  to  keep  the  way  open  for 
McDowell  to  join  the  arm)-,  which  McClel 
lan  persistently  demanded.  After  some 
sharp  skirmishes  Porter  succeeded  in  cut 
ting  all  railroad  communication  with  Rich 
mond  except  one  leading  to  Fredericks- 
burg,  and  then  rejoined  the  main  army. 

The  apparent  timidity  of  McClellan  em 
boldened  General  Johnston  to  march  out 
from  his  intrenchments  and  attack  the 
Federals  on  the  Richmond  side  of  the 
river.  General  James  Longstreet  led  the 


more  furiously,  and  continued  until  the 
early  evening,  when  a  bayonet  charge  by 
the  Federals  broke  the  Confederate  line 
and  stopped  the  fighting  for  the  night. 
The  next  morning  (June  ist)  the  contest 
was  renewed,  and  lasted  several  hours, 
when  the  Confederates  withdrew  to  Rich 
mond.  The  losses  on  each  side  amounted 
to  about  7,000.  Among  the  wounded 
were  General  Johnston  of  the  Confederates 
and  General  O.  O.  Howard  of  the  Union 
side.  The  latter  lost  his  right  arm. 

CHAPTER    XI. 


STUAUT'S  KAII>  —  BATTLE  OF  MECHANICSVILLE  —  ST 

AT  GAIXES'S  MILL  —  MCCLELLAN  SEEKS  A  NEW  PO 
SITION  —  CONFLICT  AT  SAVAGE'S  STATION  —  BATTLE  OF 
(ii.ENDALE  —  MALVERN  HILL  —  SECOND  BATTLE  OK 
HT-LL  KI-N. 

AKTKR  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks  the  Army 
of  the    Potomac  lay  quietly  in    its   position 


THE    INVASION    OF    MARYLAND— CITIZENS    OF    BALTIMORE    BARRICADING    THE    STREETS,    MONDAY    EVENING,   JUNE    29ra,   186:!. 


the  Confederate  Government  at  Richmond, 
and  preparations  were  made  for  a  hasty 
flight  into  South  Carolina  if  necessary. 
They  even  covered  the  railroad  bridge 
leading  out  of  the  city  with  plank,  so  as  to 
facilitate  the  flight  of  artillery,  and  held  a 
train  of  cars  in  constant  readiness  for  Da 
vis  and  his  Cabinet.  These  preparations 
called  forth  from  the  Virginia  Legislature 
resolutions  demanding  the  defense  of  Rich 
mond  at  all  hazards,  and  assuring  the  Pres 
ident  "  that  whatever  destruction  or  loss  of 
property  of  the  State  or  individual  shall 
thereby  result  will  be  cheerfully  submit 
ted  to." 

On  May  23d  portions  of  the  contending 
armies  came  together  at  New  Bridge  and 
had  a  sharp  battle,  and  on  the  24th  they 
fought  at  Mechanicsville.  There  the  Con 
federates  were  driven  back  and  the  Fed- 


Confederate  advance,  and  fell  suddenly 
and  vigorously  upon  General  Silas  Casey, 
who  held  a  position  on  both  sides  of  the 
Williamsburg  Road,  half  a  mile  beyond 
Seven  Pines.  Casey  made  a  brave  stand, 
but  he  was  soon  driven  back  with  one-third 
of  his  command  disabled.  Troops  were 
at  once  sent  to  his  aid  by  Keyes,  but  the 
opposing  forces  were  so  strong,  the  whole 
body  gave  way  and  retreated  to  Fair  Oaks 
Station,  on  the  Richmond  and  York  Rail 
road.  Here  re-enforcements  were  received 
from  Heintzelman  and  Kearny,  but  as  the 
Confederates  also  gained  fresh  troops  the 
Federals  were  as  badly  off  as  ever,  and  it 
looked  like  a  victory  for  the  former.  Just 
then  General  Sumner,  seeing  the  peril  of 
his  friends,  hurried  to  the  scene  of  action 
with  the  divisions  of  Generals  Sedgwick 
and  Richardson.  The  battle  then  raged 


on  the  borders  of  the  Chickahominy  for 
nearly  a  month.  The  decisive  move  upon 
Richmond  was  put  off  from  clay  to  day. 
Meanwhile  General  Robert  E.  Lee,  who 
succeeded  the  wounded  Johnston  in  the 
command  of  the  Confederate  troops,  had 
been  joined  by  Jackson  and  Ewell  from 
the  Shenandoah  Yalley,  and  with  this  added 
strength  he  prepared  to  attempt  the  dis 
persion  of  the  Federals.  While  these 
preparations  were  being  made  a  body  of 
1,500  cavalrymen  under  General  J.  E.  B. 
Stuart  started  out  on  a  daring  raid.  They 
rode  all  around  McClellan's  army,  seized 
and  burned  14  wagons  and  2  schooners 
laden  with  forage  on  the  Pamunkey  River, 
and  captured  and  carried  away  165  pris 
oners  and  260  mules  and  horses.  Stuart's 
raid  set  an  example  for  many  other  similar 
exploits  by  both  parties  during  the  war. 


470 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF    THE   CIVIL    WAR. 


General  Lt*  completed  his  preparations 
by  June  26th,  1862,  when  he  sent  Stone 
wall  Jackson  with  a  large  force  from  Han 
over  Courthouse  to  turn  the  right  wing  of 
the  Union  army  and  fall  upon  their  base 
of  supplies  at  the  "White  House,"  so 
named  because  of  its  being  the  site  of  the 
old  "White  House"  in  which  Washington 
passed  the  first  months  of  his  married  life. 
Another  and  heavier  force,  under  General 
Longstreet  and  others,  crossed  the  Chicka- 
hominy  near  Mechanicsville,  about  the 
same  time,  and  made  an  attack  upon  Mc- 
Clellan's  right  wing,  commanded  by  Gen 
eral  Fitzjohn  Porter,  at  Ellison's  Mill. 
The  battle  was  a  severe  one,  and  resulted 
in  the  defeat  of  the  Confederates  with  a 
loss  of  more  than  3,000  men.  Porter  lost 
about  400. 

Had  this  victory  been  immediately  fol 
lowed  up  by  a  movement  on  Richmond 
that  city  might  then  have  been  taken  by 
the  Federals;  but  McClellan  feared  that 
his  army  and  stores  were  in  peril,  and  so 
prepared  to  transfer  both  to  the  James 
River.  This  movement  was  begun  on 


Early  on  the  morning  of  June  28th  the 
Federal  army  started  on  a  march  to  Tur 
key  Bend  of  the  James  River.  In  the  pro 
cession  was  a  train  of  5,000  wagons,  laden 
with  ammunition,  stores  and  baggage,  and  a 
drove  of  2,500  head  of  beef  cattle.  General 
Lee  did  not  learn  of  this  movement,  so 
skillfully  was  it  masked,  until  the  army  was 
far  on  its  way  toward  a  new  position  on 
the  James  River.  He  then  determined  to 
overtake  and  destroy,  if  possible,  the  retir 
ing  army. 

McClellan's  rear  guard  was  composed  of 
the  divisions  of  Sedgwick,  Richardson, 
Heint/elman  and  Smith,  and  these  had 
just  reached  Savage's  Station  when  Sedg 
wick  was  attacked  by  a  Confederate  force 
under  Magruder,  which  had  been  sent  out 
by  Lee.  In  the  battle  that  followed  Ma 
gruder  was  repulsed  by  General  Burns's 
brigade,  supported  by  those  of  Brooke  and 
Hancock.  At  night  the  Federals  fell  back 
to  White  Oak  Swamp,  leaving  about  2,500 
of  their  wounded  at  Savage's  Station.  The 
entire  army  passed  the  swamp  the  next 
morning. 


crates  moved  from  Glendale  in  a  strong, 
steady  line  and  charged  furiously  up  the 
hill  in  an   endeavor  to  carry  it  by  storm. 
The   Federals  bravely  met   the  fierce  on 
slaught,  and  one  of  the  most  terrible   bat 
tles  of  the  war  began.      In  the  thickest  of 
the  fight  were  the  troops  of  Porter,  Couch 
and    Kearny,   until    toward    evening,  when 
Richardson    and    Meagher    brought   fresh 
soldiers  to  their  aid.     The  gunboats  on  the 
river  did  effective  work  with   well  directed 
bombshells.      At  last,  at  nine  o'clock  in  the 
evening,  the  Confederates  were  driven  away 
and  took  shelter  in  the  woods  and  swamps. 
Again  did  McClellan's  hesitation  prevent 
the  capture  of  Richmond.      The  victory  on 
Malvern  Hill  was  so  decisive,   the  generals 
of  his  army  felt  sure  he  would  pursue  Lee's 
shattered  forces   in  the  morning  and  march 
into    Richmond  within    twenty-four   hours. 
But   no  ;   McClellan   ordered   the    army  to 
fall  back  to    Harrison's   Landing,  the  spot 
he  had  selected  as  a  secure  place    for  his 
soldiers  and  base  of  supplies.     Thus  ended 
a   campaign  which   had   been    little    but    a 
series  of  failures.      McClellan's  retreat  sat- 


krw/r^rc^n 


THE    WAR    IN    VIRGINIA— RAILROAD     BRIDGE    OVER    THE    RAPPAHANNOOK,    AT    RAPPAHANNOCK    STATION 


June    27th.      The    stores    at     the    White 
House  were  to  be  removed  under  the  pro 
tection  of  Porter's  corps,  which  was  also  or 
dered  to  attend  to  carrying  away  the  siege 
guns  and  covering  the  army  in  its  march 
for  the  James  River.      When  for  this  pur 
pose  the  troops  were  arranged  on  the  ris 
ing  ground  near  Gaines's  Mill,  on  the  arc 
of  a  circle  between  Cold  Harbor  and  the 
Chickahominy,  they  were    attacked    by  a 
large  force  under  Generals  Longstreet  and 
Hill.     A  severe  conflict  took  place.      Por 
ter  was    soon  so  hard  pressed,  he  had  to 
send  to  McClellan,  who  was  on  the  oppo 
site  side  of  the  river,  for  help.     Slocum's 
division,  of  Franklin's  corps,  was  sent  over, 
but  was  soon  found  to  be  insufficient,  and 
the    brigades    of    French    and     Meagher 
were  hurried  across  the   river.      They  ar 
rived  just    in    time  to  rally  Porter's   shat 
tered  column,  which  was  fast  falling  back 
in  disorder.     The  Confederates  were  then 
driven  from  the  field.     At  this   battle   of 
Gaines's    Mill    the    Federals    lost    about 
8,000  and  the  Confederates   5,000.     That 
night    Porter  withdrew  to    the    right   side 
of  the  Chickahominy,  and   destroyed   the 
bridges  behind  him. 


While  General  Franklin,  with  a  rear 
guard,  was  protecting  the  passage  of  the 
main  bridge  in  White  Oak  Swamp  and 
covering  the  withdrawal  of  the  wagon 
trains  from  that  point,  on  June  3oth,  the 
Confederate  pursuers  came  up  and  engaged 
him  in  a  severe  contest,  lasting  nearly  all 
clay.  Franklin  managed  to  keep  the  enemy 
back  until  night,  when  the  Federals  de 
stroyed  the  bridge  and  withdrew.  On  the 
same  morning  the  Federal  troops  were  at 
tacked  by  a  column  of  Confederates  under 
Longstreet  and  Hill  at  Glendale,  near  by. 
It  was  a  sanguinary  battle,  and  resulted  in 
a  victory  for  the  Federals  after  fresh  troops 
under  Hooker,  Meagher  and  Taylor  had 
arrived.  In  the  conflict  General  McCall, 
who  led  the  Pennsylvania  troops,  was  capt 
ured,  and  General  Meade  received  a  severe 
wound.  The  next  day  (July  ist)  the  whole 
Army  of  the  Potomac  had  gained  a  strong 
position  on  Malvern  Hill,  within  the  reach 
of  Federal  gunboats  on  the  James  River. 

Not  being  satisfied  with  this  position, 
McClellan  that  day  went  down  the  river 
on  the  gunboat  Galena  to  find  another 
place.  While  he  was  gone  his  army  was 
attacked  on  Malvern  Hill.  The  Confed- 


isfied  the  authorities  at  Richmond  that  no 
further  attempts  to  take  the  city  would  be 
made  at  that  time,  so  they  ordered  Lee  to 
push  on  to  Washington. 

General  John  Pope  was  at  this  time  in 
command  of  the  Army  of  Virginia,  which 
comprised  the  three  corps  of  McDowell, 
Banks  and  Sigel.  Pope's  main  army  was 
near  Culpeper  Courthouse,  when  Stonewall 
Jackson,  by  Lee's  orders,  left  Gordonsville, 
and  crossing  the  Rapidan  came  upon 
General  Banks  at  the  foot  of  Cedar  Mount 
ain,  a  few  miles  west  of  the  Courthouse.  A 
terrible  struggle,  which  at  times  was  car 
ried  on  hand  to  hand,  took  place.  Banks, 
although  ably  assisted  by  Generals  Craw 
ford,  Augur,  Geary  and  others,  was  be 
ing  rapidly  pushed  back,  when  the  arri 
val  of  Ricketts's  division,  of  McDowell's 
corps,  saved  the  day.  Each  side  lost  about 
2,000  men,  killed  and  wounded.  Jackson 
kept  his  position  in  the  mountains  until 
August  i  ith,  when  he  fell  back  behind  the 
Rapidan. 

Lee  had  now  concentrated  his  forces  for 
the  march  on  Washington.  They  pushed 
rapidly  forward  in  heavy  columns.  Finding 
they  could  not  force  a  passage  of  the  Rap 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED   ff IS  TORY  OF   THE   CIVIL  WAR. 


pahannock,  they  took  a  circuitous  route  to 
flank  the  Federals.  Jackson,  leading  this 
flanking  force,  crossed  the  river  on  August 
25th.  He  quickly  marched  over  the  Bull 
Run  Mountain  at  Thoroughfare  Gap,  and  at 
daylight  the  next  morning  he  reached  Ma- 
nassas  Junction.  Thera  he  was  soon  joined 
by  Longstreet  and  his  troops.  General 
Pope,  with  his  whole  Army  of  Virginia  ex 
cepting  Banks's  division,  then  gave  battle 
to  the  combined  Confederates  at  Grove- 
ton,  not  far  from  the  Bull  Run  battle 
ground,  on  August  2gth.  After  a  loss  of 
about  7,000  men  on  each  side  the  contest 
ended  without  any  decisive  result.  Pope 
prepared  to  renew,  the  battle  the  next 
morning,  expecting  help  from  McClellan, 
who  had,  on  orders  from  General  Halleck, 
brought  his  Army  of  the  Potomac  to  Alex 
andria.  But  McClellan  refused  support, 


cations  around  Washington.  Pope,  on  his 
own  request,  was  now  sent  West,  and  the 
Army  of  Virginia  became  a  part  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  with  McClellan  at  the 
head  of  all  the  troops  defending  the  capital. 
Another  call  for  volunteers  to  serve  dur 
ing  the  war  was  made  by  the  President  in 
July,  1862  ;  and  the  next  month  he  called 
for  300,000  more  to  serve  for  three  months, 
adding  that  an  equal  number  would  be 
drafted  from  the  citizens  who  were  between 
eighteen  and  forty-five  years  of  age  if  they 
did  not  appear  among  the  volunteers.  A 
hearty  response  was  given  to  these  calls. 
The  Confederate  Government  saw  that  it 
must  do  something  at  once  or  its  cause 
would  be  lost,  so  General  Lee  was  ordered 
to  make  a  strong  effort  without  delay  to 
capture  Washington  before  the  new  army 
should  be  brought  into  the  field. 


Union  flags  were  ordered  to  be  hauled 
clown.  This  order  was  obeyed  by  every 
one  except  a  patriotic  old  woman  named 
Barbara  Frietchie,  and  the  national  ensign 
was  flying  from  her  window  when  Stone 
wall  Jackson,  with  the  advance  .of  Lee's 
army,  approached.  Jackson  ordered  his 
riflemen  to  shoot  away  the  staff.  As  the 
flag  fell  the  woman  snatched  it  up  and 
waved  it  defiantly.  Admiring  her  pluck, 
Jackson's  nobler  nature,  as  Whittier  says, 

— "  within  him  stirred 
To  life  at  that  woman's  deed  and  word  : 
'  Who  touches  a  hair  of  yon  gray  head 
Dies  like  a  dog  !     March  on  !'  he  said." 

Upon  Lee's  evacuation  of  Frederick  the 
Federals  followed  him  in  two  columns  over 
the  South  Mountain  into  the  valley  of  the 


THE    WAR    IN    VIRGINIA-GENERAL    HOOKER'S    ARMY    MARCHING    PAST    MANASSAS,   VA.,  JUNE,   1863. 


and  Pope  had  to  go  it  alone.  The  Confed 
erates  skillfully  drew  the  latter  into  an  am- 
ouscade  on  a  part  of  the  former  battle 
ground  of  Bull  Run,  not  far  from  Grove- 
ton,  and  a  most  sanguinary  conflict  was  the 
result.  The  Federals  were  badly  defeated 
and  were  sent  flying  across  Bull  Run  to 
Centreville,  where  they  were  re-enforced 
by  the  troops  of  Franklin  and  Sumner. 

There  they  made  a  stand,  and  Lee,  not 
daring  to  attack  them,  sent  Jackson  on  an 
other  flank  movement.  The  latter  came 
upon  the  Federals,  under  General  Birney, 
at  Chantilly,  north  of  Fairfax  Courthouse, 
and  a  battle  was  fought  in  a  cold  and 
drenching  rain.  It  was  a  severe  conflict, 
and  in  it  Generals  Philip  Kearny  and 
Isaac  I.  Stevens  were  killed.  When  the 
night  fell  the  Federals  still  held  the  field, 
but  they  were  broken  and  demoralized, 
and  soon  fled  to  the  shelter  of  the  fortifi- 


Lee  at  once  formed  his  plan  of  opera 
tions.  He  crossed  the  Potomac  near  the 
Point  of  Rocks  into  Maryland  with  almost 
his  entire  army,  and  encamped  at  Fred 
erick,  on  the  Monocacy,  September  7th. 
His  plan  was  to  take  possession  of  Har 
per's  Ferry,  so  as  to  open  communication 
with  Richmond  by  way  of  the  Shenandoah 
Valley,  then  march  toward  Pennsylvania, 
entice  McClellan  to  pursue  him,  then  turn 
suddenly,  defeat  the  Federals,  and  march 
upon  Washington. 

Learning  of  Lee's  invasion  of  Maryland, 
McClellan  at  once  set  out  to  drive  him 
back.  Leaving  General  Banks  with  some 
troops  to  defend  the  capital,  he  crossed  the 
Potomac  above  Washington  with  about 
90,000  men,  and  advanced  cautiously  to 
ward  Frederick.  Lee  did  not  wait  to  be 
attacked,  but  fled  at  his  enemy's  approach. 

When  Lee's  army  entered  Frederick  all 


Antietam  Creek.  The  right  and  centre 
moved  by  way  of  Turner's  Gap,  Burnside 
leading  the  advance ;  and  the  left,  com 
posed  of  Franklin's  corps,  by  way  of 
Crampton's  Gap,  on  the  same  range, 
nearer  Harper's  Ferry.  When  Burnside 
reached  Turner's  Gap  he  found  a  large 
Confederate  force  awaiting  him,  and  a  des 
perate  battle  ensued  on  September  Hth. 
It  continued  until  dark,  when  the  Confed 
erates  withdrew  to  join  Lee's  concentrated 
forces  at  Antietam  Creek,  near  Sharps- 
burg.  Burnside  lost  about  1,500  men, 
among  the  killed  being  the  gallant  General 
Reno.  Franklin,  meantime,  had  to  fight  his 
way  at  Crampton's  Gap  into  Pleasant  Val 
ley.  He  succeeded  in  doing  so,  and  on 
the  evening  of  September  i/j.th  was  within 
six  miles  of  Harper's  Ferry,  where  Colonel 
Miles,  a  Marylander,  was  in  command  of 
Federal  troops.  This  place  was  in  great 


J.  ~^=  -=^-^5*5 

-    :  :£»<r-      --••.  ^t  J 


GRANT'S    CAMPAIGN    IN    VIRGINIA- REPULSE    OF    LEE'S    NIGHT    A 


After  the  fearful  battle  of  Friday,  when  Grant  so  gallantly  attempted  to  force  the  passage  of  the  (,'hickahominy  and  actually  carried  some  of  Lee's  w 
Confederate  works  just  by  them  the  words  of  command.     At  once  all  was  in  motion,  every  man  at  his  post,  the  artillery  ready  to  ope 
As  the  line  appeared,  Smith's  Brigade  of  Gibbona'i  Division  poured  in  a  volley  which  pierced  the  darkness   like  a  flush  of  lightninf 


_         -  11  —         -  -  .    .  ^.,.  .  v        ,,.         v   ,  ^r  u,,  t»ij     u          i         i     i     i     -  i  ••  i  i          |  •'    r  i  i    i    i     .   i          111         (  i  i    i    '  i    1  I       »  It     I  I    1  '      I  I         1^1  t*  rCC(l 

the  Division  of  Barlow  and   Gibbons  and  the   left   of  Wright's  Corps.     These   gallant    fellows  welcomed    their   antagonists 
prisoners.      Ihiarepulie  of  the  Confederates  closed   the  bloody  work  of  the  day.  which  stands  tho  fiercest  action  of  the  war. 


of    the    morning,  and   drove  t 


ON]  SMITH'S     BRIGADE,    HANCOCK'S     CORPS,    FRIDAY,    JUNE    3D,    1864. 


nil  ilisued,  and  night  was  fast  coming  on  in  a  universal  stillness.  But,  suddenly,  when  nearly  eight  o'clock,  and  as  twilight  was  just  vanishing,  Hancock's 
•  [tilling  column.  They  had  not  long  to  wait.  Over  the  intervening  crest,  clearly  denned  in  the  gathering  darkness,  came  Beauregard's  men,  whose  last 
i,  <llni  they  go  in  the  withering  storm  of  bullet,  grape,  canister  and  shell  ;  but  they  close  up  and  come  on.  Volley  after  volley  is  given,  but  they  press 
k  vi  h  terrible  loss;  but  so  desperately  did  the  Confederates  charge  that  some  were  killed  in  the  Federal  intrenchments  and  others  dragged  inside  as 


474 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE   CIVIL   WAR. 


danger  of  capture  by  the  Confederates,  as 
they  held  strong-  positions  on  Maryland 
and  Loudoun  Heights,  on  each  side  of  the 
Potomac.  Franklin  therefore  immediately 
started  to  Miles's  aid;  but  before  reaching 
him  the  latter  surrendered  to  Jackson,  thus 
depriving  the  Federals  of  ar  advantage 
they  might  have  easily  had. 


CHAPTER    XII. 

MCCLELLAN'S  HESITATION— BATTLE  OF  ANTIETAM  CREEK 
—  GENERAL  BVRNSIDE  MADE  COMMANDER  OF  THE 
ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC — A  BRAVE  DRUMMER  BOY  — 
BATTLE  OF  FRKDERICKSBURG  —  GENERAL  HOOKER 
SUCCEEDS  BURNSIUE  —  THE  GUERRILLAS— BATTLES  OF 
MUNFORDVILLE,  PERRYVILLE,  IrKA  AND  CORINTH. 

ONCE  again  McClellan's  chronic  hesi 
tancy  asserted  itself  at  a  critical  time  and 
proved  unfortunate  for  the  Federals. 


At  dawn  the  next  morning  (September 
1 7th)  Hooker  opened  the  battle  of  An- 
tietam  by  an  attack,  with  about  18,000 
men,  on  the  Confederate  left  under  Jack 
son.  Doubleday  was  on  Hooker's  right, 
Meade  on  his  left  and  Ricketts  in  the  cen 
tre.  Until  late  in  the  afternoon  the  con 
test  raged  with  varying  fortunes.  McClel- 
lan  watched  the  progress  of  the  battle  from 
the  opposite  side  of  the  Antietam.  Gen 
eral  Burnside,  with  the  left  wing  of  the 
Federals,  especially  distinguished  himself 
in  this  battle,  holding  in  check  and  fight 
ing  the  enemy's  right  under  Longstreet, 
until  the  latter  was  re-enforced  by  General 
A.  P.  Hill's  division  from  1  larper's  Ferry. 
The  desperate  struggle  lasted  all  day,  and 
ended  only  because  of  darkness.  Both 
armies  suffered  great  losses,  that  of  the 


called  for  re-enforcements  and  supplies  to 
enable  him  to  pursue  the  fugitives.  Then, 
instead  of  ordering  a  swift  pursuit,  he  an 
nounced  his  intention  of  holding  his  troops 
there  so  as  to  be  able  to  "  attack  the  en 
emy  should  he  attempt  to  cross  into  Mary 
land."  Such  an  astounding  declaration  was 
almost  too  much  for  President  Lincoln, 
and  he  hastened  to  McClellan's  headquar 
ters  in  person  to  see  what  it  meant.  Being 
satisfied  that  the  army  was  in  condition  to 
make  a  successful  pursuit,  he  ordered 
McClellan  to  start  at  once.  But  that  gen 
eral  wasted  another  twenty  days  in  raising 
objections  to  the  carrying  out  of  his  or 
ders,  so  that  when  he  did  deign  to  obey 
them  Lee's  arm)-  was  thoroughly  recruited. 
McClellan  had  not  advanced  very  far 
before  he  decided  to  disregard  the  instruc 


THE    SIEGE    OF    CHARLESTON— ENGINEER    DEPOT,   MORRIS    ISLAND,   S.    C. 


When  he  followed  the  Confederates  from 
South  Mountain  he  did  so  cautiously,  pro 
fessing  to  believe  them  to  have  overwhelm 
ing  numbers,  although  actually  Lee's  army 
then  numbered  only  60,000,  while  McClel 
lan  had  87,000.  Then,  when  the  Confed 
erates  posted  themselves  on  the  heights 
near  Sharpsburg,  on  the  western  side  of 
Antietam  Creek,  he  hesitated  to  attack 
them  until  he  was  placed  on  the  defen 
sive  by  a  sharp  artillery  assault.  Then 
he  sent  Hooker  across  the  Antietam  with 
a  part  of  his  corps,  commanded  by  Gen 
erals  Ricketts,  Meade  and  Doubleday  ; 
and  they  had  a  sharp  conflict  with  the 
extreme  right  of  the  Confederates  under 
General  Hood.  The  Federals  were  suc 
cessful,  and  at  night  they  lay  upon  their 
arms.  The  divisions  of  Williams  and 
Greene,  of  Mansfield's  corps,  passed  over 
under  cover  of  the  darkness  and  encamped 
i  mile  in  Hooker's  rear. 


Federals  being  12,470,  and  the  Confed 
erates  lost  even  a  greater  number.  Lee's 
army,  shattered  and  disorganized,  retreated 
during  the  night.  Had  McClellan  started 
a  vigorous  pursuit  at  once  he  might  have 
made  the  whole  Confederate  force  prison 
ers  of  war.  But  with  his  usual  hesitation 
and  indecision  he  refused  to  order  a  chase 
until  thirty-six  hours  after  the  battle.  As 
an  excuse  for  this  action  he  said  in  his  re 
port  :  "  Virginia  was  lost,  Washington  was 
menaced,  Maryland  invaded— the  National 
cause  could  afford  no  risks  of  defeat." 

McClellan  advanced  on  September  i^ch 
only  to  find  Lee  and  his  shattered  army 
safe  behind  strong  batteries  on  the  Vir 
ginia  side  of  the  Potomac.  He  made  a  weak 
attempt  at  pursuit  by  sending  two  brigades 
across  the  river,  but  when  they  were  driven 
back  into  Maryland  and  Lee  had  started 
up  the  Shenandoah  Valley  McClellan  en 
camped  at  abandoned  Harper's  Ferry  and 


tions  given  him  to  go  up  the  Shenandoah 
Valley,  and  instead  prepared  to  move 
southward  on  the  east  side  of  the  Blue 
Ridge.  This  was  the  last  straw  that  broke 
the  back  of  the  patience  of  the  govern 
ment.  He  was  promptly  relieved  from  the 
command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
and  General  Ambrose  F.  Burnside,  of 
Rhode  Island,  was  appointed  in  his  place, 
November  5th. 

Burnside  immediately  reorganized  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  which  at  this  time 
contained  about  120,000  men.  He  decided 
to  bring  about  the  capture  of  Richmond  as 
early  as  possible,  rather  than  attempt  the 
destruction  of  the  Confederate  army.  Mak 
ing  Aquia  Creek,  on  the  Potomac,  his  base 
of  supplies,  he  tooli  measures  to  place  his 
army  at  or  near  Fredericksburg,  on  the 
Rappahannock.  Lee  was  at  this  time  on 
the  heights  in  the  rear  of  Fredericksburg, 
with  about  80,000  men  and  300  cannon,  so 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY^OF    THE   CIVIL   WAR. 


475 


that  when  Burnside's  army  reached  the 
Rappahannock  during  the  second  week  in 
December  the  two  opponents  lay  in  paral 
lel  lines  within  cannon  shot  of  each  other, 
with  a  narrow  river  between  them. 

Lee  had  destroyed  all  of  the  bridges  that 
spanned  the  river  in  that  vicinity,  so  that 
there  was  no  way  for  Burnside's  troops  to 
cross  except  on  pontoons  or  floating 
bridges.  Engineers  were  put  to  work  on 
December  nth  to  construct  five  of  these, 
but  the  men  were  driven  away  by  sharp 
shooters  concealed  in  buildings  on  the  op 
posite  shore.  Efforts  were  made  to  quell 
this  annoyance  by  opening  a  heavy  fire 
upon  the  town  from  batteries  placed  on 
Stafford  Heights,  but  although  many  build 
ings  were  set  on  fire  by  the  shells  the 
sharpshooters  held  their  place.  Then  a 
party  of  volunteers  crossed  the  river  in 


nearly  five  miles  long  and  crowned  with 
field  artillery.  After  a  sanguinary  battle 
that  lasted  until  night  Burnsides  forces, 
including  the  troops  of  Generals  Franklin, 
Couch,  Meade,  Sumner,  Hooker,  Howard, 
Humphreys,  Doubleday,  Wilcox,  French, 
Hancock,  Sturgis  and  Getty  were  repulsed 
with  a  loss  of  more  than  10,000.  The  Con 
federates  lost  about  4,000.  On  the  night 
of  the  1 5th,  under  cover  of  darkness,  the 
Union  army  crossed  the  river. 

Because  of  dissatisfaction  at  this  defeat, 
although  not  the  leader's  fault.  General 
Burnside,  at  his  own  request,  was  relieved 
of  the  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Poto 
mac,  January  26th,  1863,  and  General  Jo 
seph  Hooker,  "  Fighting  Joe,"  took  his 
place.  The  army  was  then  reorganized, 
and  many  changes  and  dismissals  of  officers 
were  made  to  secure  obedience  and  compe- 


was  moving  in  the   same  direction,    on    a 
parallel  line,  to  foil  them. 

Part  of  Bragg's  army,  under  General 
E.  Kirby  Smith,  managed  to  get  into  Ken 
tucky  from  East  Tennessee,  and,  after  rout 
ing  a  Federal  force  under  General  M.  D. 
Manson,  near  Richmond,  August  3Oth, 
pushed  on  rapidly  through  the  State  in  the 
direction  of  the  Ohio  River,  with  the  in 
tention  of  capturing  and  plundering  Cin 
cinnati.  But  Smith's  onward  course  came 
to  a  sudden  stop  when  he  reached  the 
southern  side  of  the  river.  There  he  found 
impassable  fortifications  and  a  large  Union 
force  under  General  Lewis  Wallace,  who 
had  proclaimed  martial  law  in  Cincinnati, 
Covington  and  Newport.  Smith  turned 
back,  and  seizing  Frankfort,  the  capital  of 
the  State,  remained  there  to  await  the  ar 
rival  of  Bragg. 


THE    SIEGE    OF    CHARLESTON— ORDNANCE    DEPOT,   MORRIS    ISLAND,   S.    C. 


open  boats  in  the  midst  of  a  terrific  hail  of 
bullets,  landed  on  the  other  side,  and  ef 
fectually  dislodged .  the  sharpshooters. 

When  the  party  started  a  Michigan 
drummer  boy  named  Hendershot,  having 
been  refused  permission  to  go  along,  qui 
etly  slipped  into  the  water  and  clinging  to 
the  stern  of  one  of  the  boats,  was  conveyed 
to  the  opposite  shore.  Although  he  saw 
several  men  in  the  boat  shot  down  and  his 
drum  broken  to  pieces  by  a  piece  of  shell, 
he  was  undaunted.  Picking  up  the  mus 
ket  of  one  of  the  fallen  soldiers,  he  fought 
gallantly  with  the  rest. 

The  sharpshooters  having  been  dispersed 
the  pontoons  were  finished,  and  on  the 
evening  of  the  i2th  the  greater  part  of  the 
Federal  army  crossed  over  and  occupied 
Fredericksburg.  The  next  morning  the  bat 
tle  began  with  a  series  of  assaults  by  the 
Federals  upon  the  enemy's  intrenched  line, 


tency.  An  important  change  was  the  con 
solidation  of  the  cavalry  force,  which  then 
numbered  12,000.  It  was  also  increased 
and  drilled,  and  was  soon  in  a  condition  of 
greater  efficiency  than  it  had  ever  been 
before. 

After  the  Confederate  armies  had  been 
driven  out  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee, 
and  the  Union  forces  withdrawn,  several 
bands  of  daring  guerrillas  sprang  up  in 
those  States,  and  hovered  upon  the  rear 
and  flanks  of  the  Federal  army,  or  roamed 
at  will  all  over  the  country,  plundering  the 
Union  inhabitants.  One  of  these  bands, 
led  by  Jchn  Morgan,  a  native  of  Alabama, 
raided  through  Kentucky  and  prepared  the 
way  for  the  advance  of  an  invading  army 
from  Chattanooga  under  General  Braxton 
Bragg  This  army  made  its  way  toward 
Kentucky  by  a  route  eastward  of  Nash 
ville  at  the  same  time  that  General  Buell 


Bragg  entered  Kentucky  by  crossing 
the  Cumberland  River,  September  5th. 
General  J.  R.  Chalmers,  with  8,000  men, 
was  leading  the  way  when,  upon  his  arrival 
at  Munfordville,  on  the  line  of  the  Nash 
ville  and  Louisville  Railroad,  he  encoun 
tered  a  Union  force  under  Colonel  T.  J. 
Wilder.  The  next  morning  (September 
1 5th)  the  two  forces  clashed,  and  in  a  bat 
tle  of  five  hours'  duration  the  Confederates 
were  defeated.  Wilder's  elation  at  his  vic 
tory  did  not  last  long,  for  two  days  after 
another  and  stronger  enemy  appeared  un 
der  General  Polk,  and  fell  upon  him  with 
such  strength  that  he  was  compelled  to  fly 
from  the  field.  Bragg  then  joined  Smith 
at  Frankfort  and  prepared  to  march  on  to 
Louisville.  His  army  then  numbered 
65,000  men,  while  Buell,  who  was  following 
him,  had  about  60,000.  These  two  armies 
came  together  on  October  8th  near  the  lit 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF    THE   CIVIL    WAR. 


BAXKS'S  EXPEDITION-EXECUTIVE  OFFICER  PARKER.  OF  'J'lIK  UNITED  STATES  GUNBOAT  ••  ESSEX,"  HOISTING  THE  NATIONAL 
STAXDARD  OX  THE  STATE  CAPITOL,  BATOX  ROUGE,  LA.,  ON  ITS  OCCUPATION'  BY  THE  FEDERAL  FORCES  COMMANDED 
BY  GEXERAL  GROVEH,  WEDNESDAY,  DECEMBER  17'in.  JS(i;i. 


lie  town  of  Perryville,  Boyle  County,  and  a 
severe  battle  was  fought.  All  clay  it  con 
tinued,  and  when  night  set  in  the  Confed 
erates  had  had  enough  of  it,  and  fell  back 
in  haste  to  Harrodsbtirg,  and  thence  out  of 
the  State.  The  Federals  suffered  in  the 
light  to  the  extent  of  4,350  men.  The 
marauding  bands  that  had  come  with  the  in 
vaders  had  been  so  successful  in  their  raids 
that  when  they  retreated  they  had  a  wagon 
train  of  stolen  property  fort)-  miles  in 
length.  A  large  portion  of  this  had  to  be 
left  behind. 

At  this  time  the  Confederate  army  in 
Northern  Mississippi,  commanded  by  Gen 
eral  Beauregard,  had  advanced  toward  Ten 
nessee  under  Generals  Van  Dorn  and  Price. 
General  Gmnt,  hearing  of  this,  sent  word 
to  General  Rosecrans,  then  commanding 
the  Army  of  the  Mississippi,  of  the  danger 
gathering  west  of  him.  Rosecrans  at  once 
moved  toward  Corinth,  and  as  he  did  so 
Price  went  to  meet  him.  When  they  met 
near  the  village  of  luka  Springs,  in  North 
ern  Mississippi,  September  igth,  Rosecrans 
with  only  3,000  effective  men  successfully 
held  the  field  against  Price's  11,000.  It 
was  a  fierce  battle,  and  ended  in  the  flight 
of  the  Confederates  southward  in  great 
haste  and  confusion.  A  stirring  incident  of 
the  conflict  was  a  desperate  hand-to-hand 
struggle  for  the  possession  of  an  Indiana 
battery  which  the  Confederates  had  seized 
after  the  horses  and  72  of  its  artillerymen 
had  been  killed.  The  Federal  soldiers,  al 
though  they  fought  hard,  could  not  regain 
their  battery,  and  it  was  dragged  off  the 
field  with  ropes.  Rosecrans  captured  nearly 
i  ,000  prisoners. 

Grant  had  sent  re-enforcements  under 
General  Ord  to  Rosecrans,  but  they  did 
not  reach  him  until  the  day  was  won.  Gen 


eral  Ord  had  stopped  on  his  way  at  a  place 
within  four  miles  of  luka,  in  order  to  fol 
low  out  the  instructions  given  him  to  wait 
there  until  he  should  hear  Rosecrans's  great 
guns.  A  high  wind  from  the  north  pre 
vented  the  sounds  reaching  him,  and  he- 
knew  nothing  of  the  battle  until  it  was 
over. 

Rosecrans  now  gathered  his  troops  at 
Corinth,  knowing  that  Van  Dorn  and  Price 
had  united  their  forces  and  were  preparing 
to  attack  him.  The  Confederates,  40,000 
strong,  moved  up  from  Ripley  and  began 
the  assault  on  Corinth,  October  3d.  For 
two  days  the  battle  raged  with  great  fury. 
At  length  the  Confederates  were  driven 
back  and  pursued  to  Ripley.  They  lost 
about  9,000  men,  including  prisoners,  and 
the  Federals  about  2,300.  General  Ord, 
who  was  then  at  Hatchie  River,  attacked 
a  part  of  Van  Horn's  retreating  army,  and 
was  severely  wounded. 

CHAPTER    XIII. 

EFFORTS  TO  TAKE  VICKSBURO — BATTLE  AT  BAIV.S  Rorui-: 
-THE  CONFEDERATE  HAM  "ARKANSAS" — EVENTS 
IN  MISSOURI — BATTLES  AT  PRAIRIE  GROVE  AND  LA- 
HADIEVII.LE  —  SritKKNOER  OF  GALVESTON  —  BATTLE 
OF  MtTRFBEKSBOBOUGH. 

IN  the  spring  of  1862  Admiral  Farragut 
was  making  active  preparations  for  the 
capture  of  Vicksburg  and  Port  Hudson, 
which  were  then  the  only  obstructions  to 
the  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  River. 
Vicksburg  was  a  particularly  important 
point,  as  it  stood  on  high  ground  among 
the  Walnut  Hills,  on  the  eastern  bank  of 
the  Mississippi,  and  was  strongly  fortified 
by  the  Confederates.  Until  it  could  be 
taken  the  National  Government  could  not 
hope  to  carry  out  its  plans  of  gaining  con 
trol  of  the  great  river.  On  May  jth  the 


Federal  forces  captured  Baton  Rouge,  the 
capital  of  Louisiana,  and  thus  made  it  pos 
sible  for  Farragut  to  go  up  the  river  close 
to  Vicksburg,  where,  after  consultation  with 
the  commanders  of  gunboats  in  the  vicin 
ity,  he  opened  an  attack  upon  the  batteries 
Then,  in  order  to  avoid  the  guns  at  the 
city,  he  had  an  effort  made  to  cut  a  cana1 
across  a  peninsula  in  front  of  Vicksburg; 
but,  failing  in  this,  he  ceased  his  attack  and 
withdrew  his  vessels  down  the  river. 

A  little  later,  early  in  August,  a  Confed 
erate  force  led  by  General  J.  C.  Breckin- 
ridge  attempted  to  regain  possession  of 
Baton  Rouge,  then  in  command  of  General 
Thomas  Williams.  A  severe  conflict  was 
the  result.  During  the  battle  the  Twenty- 
first  Indiana  Regiment,  which  did  splendid 
work,  lost  all  of  its  field  officers.  When 
General  Williams  noticed  this  he  dashed 
up  to  the  regiment,  and  placing  himself  at 
its  head,  exclaimed  :  "  Boys,  your  field  offi 
cers  are  all  gone  ;  I  will  lead  you  !"  A 
few  minutes  afterward  he  fell  dead  with  a 
bullet  in  his  breast.  His  soldiers  then  fell 
back,  as  did  also  the  Confederates. 

Just  after  this  battle  the  Confederate 
ram  Arkansas,  intended  for  the  destruc 
tion  of  all  the  Federal  vessels  in  the  Mis 
sissippi,  appeared  above  Baton  Rouge, 
ready  to  carry  out  its  intentions.  To  pre 
vent  this  Commodore  Porter,  with  the  gun 
boats  Essex,  Caynga  and  Suintcr,  went  to 
meet  her.  There  was  a  short,  sharp  and 
decisive  tight.  The  Arkansas  soon  became 
unmanageable  and  struck  the  shore,  where, 
her  maga/ine  exploding,  she  was  blown  to 
pieces. 

Missouri  had  become  so  overrun  with 
guerrillas  that  in  June,  1862,  that  State 
was  made  into  a  separate  military  district, 
with  General  J.  M.  Schofield  as  its  com- 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HIS  TOR 


THE   CIVIL    WAR. 


477 


mander.  With  a  force  of  30,000  men  that 
active  and  vigilant  leader  soon  dispersed 
the  roaming  bands  and  d'ove  out  the  Con 
federate  troops  that  came  into  Missouri 
over  the  southern  border.  These  troops 
then  gathered  in  Arkansas  under  General 
T.  C.  Hindman.  But  Schofield  followed 
them  with  8,000  troops  under  General 
J.  G.  Blunt.  The  latter  came  across  a  por 
tion  of  Hindman's  army  at  Fort  Wayne, 
near  Maysville,  on  October  22d,  and  at 
tacking  them  fiercely,  drove  them  into  the 
Indian  country.  Another  portion  was 
found  on  the  White  River,  eight  miles 
from  Fayetteville,  and  they  were  driven 
into  the  mountains  by  a  cavalry  force  un 
der  General  F.  J.  Herron.  These  success 
ful  movements  resulted  in  General  Blunt 
receiving  the  command  of  the  Missouri 
District,  when  soon  afterward  Schofield  re 
tired  on  account  of  ill  health. 

Gathering  about  20,000  men  on  tin- 
western  borders  of  Arkansas,  Hindman 
prepared  to  make  a  determined  effort  to 
recover  Missouri.  He  started  out  against 
Blunt  late  in  November.  After  attacking 
and  defeating  Hindman's  advance,  com 
posed  of  Marmaduke's  cavalry,  on  Boston 
Mountains,  Blunt  took  up  a  position  at 
Cane  Hill.  He  then  sent  for  Herron,  who 
was  just  over  the  border  in  Missouri,  and 
the  two  awaited  the  approach  of  Hindman. 
The  latter  soon  came  with  1 1,000  men,  ex 
pecting  to  deal  a  crushing  blow  on  Blunt's 
army  ;  but  the  combined  Federal  forces,  in 
a  battle  at  Prairie  Grove,  defeated  him  and 
drove  his  troops  in  confusion  over  the 
mountains. 

Meanwhile  vigorous  efforts  were  being 
made  to  recover  Texas  from  Confederate 
rule.  Commander  Eagle  wJfh  a  small 


squadron  sailed  up  to  Galveston  in  May, 
1862,  and  demanded  its  surrender.  Meet 
ing  with  a  prompt  refusal,  he  withdrew, 
and  nothing  was  done  toward  its  capture 
until  the  following  October,  when  the  civil 
authorities  of  the  city  surrendered  it  to 
Commodore  Renshaw.  At  this  time  Gen 
eral  Godfrey  Weitzel,  leading  an  expedi 
tion  sent  out  by  Butler  to  gain  control 
of  La  Fourche  Parish,  in  Louisiana,  had 
a  severe  engagement  with  a  force  of  Con 
federates  at  Labadieville  (October  2/th). 
He  was  victorious,  and  soon  afterward 
the  eastern  portions  of  the  State,  along  the 
borders  of  the  Mississippi,  were  brought 
under  Federal  control.  Two  months  later 
General  N.  P.  Banks  succeeded  Butler  in 
the  command  of  the  Department  of  the 
Gulf. 

Toward  the  close  of  the  year  1862  Gen 
eral  Rosecrans,  with  a  greater  part  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland,  composed  of 
troops  under  Generals  Sheridan,  McCook, 
Rousseau,  Thomas,  Crittenden,  J.  C.  Davis, 
Palmer,  Van  Cleve,  Wood,  Matthews,  Neg- 
ley,  Hazen  and  others,  had  moved  south 
ward,  and  on  December  3Oth  reached 
Stone  River,  near  Murfreesborough.  On 
the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  within  can- 
nonshot,  was  General  Bragg's  army  with 
such  good  leaders  as  Generals  Kirby  Smith, 
Polk,  Hardee,  Breckinridge,  Cleburne, 
Cheatham,  Withers  and  Wharton.  Bragg 
had  come  up  from  Kentucky  by  way  of 
Chattanooga  to  invade  Middle  Tennessee, 
and  had  concentrated  his  forces  at  Mur 
freesborough,  just  south  of  Nashville. 

The  next  morning,  December  3ist,  a 
fearful  battle  began.  Rosecrans  advanced 
to  fall  upon  the  enemy's  left,  while  the 
Confederates  had  massed  and  made  a  dash 


upon  Rosecrans's  right,  held  by  General 
McCook.  The  latter  was  soon  hard  pressed 
by  overwhelming  numbers,  and  sent  to 
Rosecrans  for  assistance.  The  reply  was  : 
"  Tell  him  to  contest  every  inch  of  ground. 
If  he  holds  them  we  will  swing  into  Mur 
freesborough  with  our  left  and  cut  them 
off."  But  the  attack  on  McCook  was  too 
strong  to  withstand,  and  as  his  troops  were 
slowly  driven  back  Rosecrans  saw  that  he 
must  change  his  original  plan  and  hasten 
to  the  assistance  of  liis  right.  Meanwhile 
Sheridan  was  assailed.  The  Confederates 
advanced  toward  him  in  a  compact  mass 
across  an  open  field.  He  at  once  opened 
three  batteries  upon  them  with  telling  ef 
fect.  They  kept  bravely  on,  however,  un 
til  within  about  fifty  yards,  when  Sheri 
dan's  troops,  who  had  been  lying  in  the 
woods  under  cover,  suddenly  arose  to  their 
feet  and  poured  such  a  murderous  volley 
into  their  ranks  that  they  broke  and  fled. 

The  Confederates  at  once  sent  another 
division  against  Sheridan,  only  to  be  again 
repulsed.  Three  more  times  he  was  at 
tacked,  but  each  time  he  stood  his  ground, 
and  the  enemy,  with  terrible  loss,  at  length 
retired  to  its  intrenchments.  On  the  next 
day  nothing  but  heavy  skirmishing  was 
done. 

Then,  on  January  2d,  the  fight  was  re 
newed  in  terrible  earnest.  The  losses  soon 
became  so  great  that  it  seemed  for  a  time 
as  if  the  battle  would  end  only  when  there 
were  no  more  troops  to  fight.  At  length 
the  Nineteenth  Illinois,  the  Seventy-eighth 
Pennsylvania,  the  Eleventh  Michigan,  the 
Thirty-seventh  Indiana  and  the  Eighteenth, 
Twenty-first  and  Seventh-fourth  Ohio  Reg 
iments  made  a  simultaneous  charge,  on  the 
Confederate  line  and  broke  and  scattered 


V* 

A  SOUTHERN  CARICATURE-"  GENERALS  WHEELER  AND  WHARTON  FALLING  SLOWLY  BACK.  CONTESTING  EVERY  FOOT 

OF  THE  WAY." 


478 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORY  OF   THE   CIVIL   WAR. 


it  ir  confusion.  The  next  night  Bragg 
took  his  badly  smitten  army  southward  to 
Tullahoma.  The  Federals  lost  at  Mur- 
freesborough,  in  killed  and  wounded,  8,778, 
and  the  Confederates  more  than  10,000 
and  about  1,500  prisoners.  Great  alarm 
and  discouragement  were  produced  among 
the  leaders  of  the  Confederacy  and  among 
the  people  of  the  South  by  this  crushing 
blow.  It  marked  the  last  of  a  series  of 
failures  the  Confederates  had  made  in 
every  aggressive  movement  from  Antietam 
to  Murfreesborough. 

CHAPTER    XIV. 

PROCLAMATION  OF  EMANCIPATION — THE  CONFEDERATE 
GOVERNMENT  MAKE  A  ' '  PERM ANENT  "  ONE— ITS 
PRESIDENT  AND  CABINET CAPTURE  OF  FORT  HIND- 
MAN —  RfNNlNd  HY  TI1K  VlCKSWIKi  RATTEKIES  — 

GHANT  TAKES  JACKSON     THE  SIEOE  OF  VicKSBruo. 

WIIKN  the  war  had  been  going  on  for 
almost  two  years  President  Lincoln  saw  that 
something  must  be  done  to  abolish  the 
slave  system,  as  through  it  the  Confederacy 
could  call  on  every  available  man  to  tight 


independent  more  than  three  millions  of 
slaves. 

The  Confederacy  made  its  Provisional 
Government  a  permanent  one  early  in  1862. 
Its  Provisional  Congress  expired  by  limita 
tion  on  February  i8th,  and  a  new  "perma 
nent  "  one  began  on  the  same  day  with 
representatives  from  all  the  slave-labor 
States  excepting  Maryland  and  Delaware. 
The  next  day  Jefferson  Davis  was  declared 
elected  President  of  the  Confederacy  for 
six  years.  H  is  Cabinet  consisted  of  J  udah  P. 
Benjamin,  of  Louisiana,  Secretary  of  State  ; 
George  W.  Randolph,  of  Virginia,  Secre 
tary  of  War ;  S.  R.  Mallory,  of  Florida, 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  ;  Charles  G.  M em- 
mi  nger,  of  South  Carolina,  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  and  Thomas  H.  Watts,  of  Ala 
bama,  Attorney  General.  Randolph  re 
signed  soon  afterward,  and  James  A.  Secl- 
don,  of  Richmond,  was  appointed  to  fill 
his  place. 

As  we  have  seen,  the  chief  object  of  the 
Federal  forces  at  the  beginning  of  1863 


his  fleet  of  gunboats,  and  they  all  went  up 
the  Yazoo  River.  At  attempt  was  made  to 
capture  some  batteries  which  protected  the 
rear  of  Vicksburg,  but  after  a  sharp  battle 
at  Chickasaw  Bayou  (December  28th)  Sher 
man  was  repulsed  and  retired  to  Young's 
Point  and  Milliken's  Bend,  opposite  the 
mouth  of  the  Yazoo  River,  where  the  army 
was  concentrated  twelve  miles  above  Vicks 
burg.  Grant  then  took  his  forces  from 
Memphis  down  the  river  to  the  same  place, 
after  convincing  himself  that  the  city  could 
not  be  taken  by  direct  assault. 

While  waiting  for  Grant,  General  John 
A.  McClernand,  who  arrived  at  headquar 
ters,  near  Vicksburg,  and  took  temporary 
command,  captured  Fort  Hindman,  at  Ar 
kansas  Post,  fifty  miles  from  the  mouth  of 
Arkansas  River,  January  iith.  The  troops 
were  convoyed  by  Porter's  gunboats  and 
rams  to  within  three  miles  of  the  fort,  where 
they  were  landed.  Porter  then  passed  up 
to  close  range,  and  a  sharp  conflict  was  be- 
<nm.  The  fort  was  soon  surrendered  with 


was  the    capture    of  Yicksburg    and    Port     5,000  prisoners. 


THE     WAR     IN     MISSISSIPPI— DEFEAT     OF     WIRT     ADAMS'S     CONFEDERATE     CAVALRY     BY     THE     SECOND     WISCONSIN     CAVALRY, 

MAJOR     EASTMAN,    NEAR     RED     BONE     CHURCH,    MISS. 


against  the  government  without  the  neces 
sity  of  leaving  some  to  till  the  ground  and 
produce  food  for  the  army,  the  slaves  be 
ing  put  to  that  work.  So  on  September 
22d,  1862,  the  President  issued  a  proclama 
tion  in  which  he  said  that  he  would  declare 
the  emancipation  of  all  slaves  in  the  States 
wherein  insurrection  existed  on  January  ist, 
1863,  unless  the  offenders  should  lay  down 
their  arms. 

This  offer  to  protect  the  human  property 
of  the  slaveholders,  should  they  give  up 
their  war  against  the  Union,  was  rejected  ; 
they  would  make  no  concessions  of  any 
kind.  They  hoped  that  the  question  of 
emancipation  would  divide  the  people  of 
the  free  States,  and  thus  enable  them  in 
the  end  to  secure  their  much-desired  sep 
aration  from  the  Union.  So  their  resist 
ance  to  the  National  Government  became 
stronger  than  ever.  Accordingly,  on  the 
first  day  of  January,  1863,  the  Proclamation 
of  Emancipation  prepared  by  the  President 
and  approved  by  his  Cabinet  was  promul 
gated.  Thus  were  declared  to  be  free  and 


Hudson,  on  the  Mississippi  River.  Lor 
this  purpose  General  Grant  concentrated 
his  army  near  the  Tallahatchie  River,  in 
Northern  Mississippi.  He  planned  to  get 
to  the  rear  of  Vicksburg  by  capturing 
Jackson,  the  capital  of  the  State  ;  then 
await  the  arrival  of  Sherman,  who  was  to 
pass  down  the  river  from  Memphis  in  trans 
ports  guarded  by  Porter's  gunboats,  then 
up  the  Yazoo  to  a  point  where  he  could 
make  a  junction  with  Grant's  forces.  Grant 
moved  first  to  Holly  Springs,  where  he  left 
a  large  quantity  of  supplies  ;  then  on  to 
Oxford,  after  flanking  the  enemy  drawn  up 
for  battle  on  the  other  side  of  the  Talla 
hatchie.  While  there  Grant  learned  that 
Van  Dorn,  with  his  cavalry,  had  surprised 
the  regiment'guarding  the  supplies  at  Holly 
Springs  and  effectually  destroyed  them. 
This  compelled  the  Federals  to  fall  back 
to  Grand  Junction. 

Meanwhile  Sherman,  with  i  2,000  troops, 
left  Memphis  in  transports,  with  siege  guns, 
to  beleaguer  Vicksburg.  At  Friar's  Point 
he  was  joined  by  Commodore  Porter  and 


The  following  month  Porter  ran  by  the 
batteries  at  Vicksburg  with  nearly  his  whole 
fleet  and  a  number  of  transports,  which 
were  protected  from  shot  by  bales  of  cotton 
and  hay.  These  transports  were  manned 
by  volunteers,  which  led  Grant  to  say,  in 
one  of  his  reports  :  "  It  is  a  striking  feature 
of  the  volunteer  army  of  the  United  States 
that  there  is  nothing  which  men  are  called 
upon  to  do,  mechanical  or  professional, 
that  accomplished  adepts  cannot  be  found 
for  the  duty  required,  in  almost  every  regi 
ment." 

When  the  gunboats  and  transports  had 
successfully  passed  down,  on  the  way  at 
tacking  the  batteries  at  Grand  Gulf,  they 
stopped  at  Bruensburg  to  ferry  across  the 
Mississippi  Grant's  army,  which  had  march 
ed  down  the  west  side  of  the  river.  This 
done,  Grant  pressed  on  to  Port  Gibson, 
which  he  captured  after  a  short  battle 
(May  ist). 

Grant  then  waited  five  days  for  Sherman, 
who  had  been  sent  to  attempt  the  capture 
of  Haines's  Bluff,  on  the  Yazoo  River. 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  tiisTolm  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 


479 


Being  unsuccessful  in  this,  Sherman  crossed 
the  Mississippi  and  joined  Grant  on  May 
8th.  The  army  then  started  for  Jackson, 
the  capital  of  Mississippi.  On  the  way 
they  found  a  large  force  of  Confederates 
strongly  posted  in  the  woods,  near  the  vil 
lage  of  Raymond.  They  were  driven  out 
after  a  battle  of  three  hours,  and  the  Fed 
erals  continued  their  march.  Generals  Sher 
man  and  McPherson  were  in  the  advance, 
and  when  they  arrived  within  three  miles 
of  Jackson  they  came  upon  a  Confederate 
force  of  i  1,000  men,  under  General  Joseph 
K.  Johnston  (May  i4th).  McPherson  at 
once  attacked  the  main  body,  while  Sherman 
passed  round,  flanking  the  enemy  and  driv 
ing  the  riflemen  from  their  pits.  After  a 
short  engagement  the  Confederates  fled 
northward,  leaving  250  prisoners  and  18 


demoralized  condition  of  the  enemy,  it 
might  be  taken  that  way.  But  he  found  it 
too  strongly  fortified,  and  the  troops  were 
withdrawn.  After  a  rest  of  two  days  Grant 
decided  to  make  another  effort  to  carry  the 
city  by  storm.  So  at  ten  o'clock  on  the 
morning  of  the  2 ad  almost  the  whole  army 

O  J 

moved  at  an  appointed  signal  and  made  a 
dash  upon  the  Confederate  works.  A  ter 
rible  scene  took  place.  The  frowning  forti 
fications  became  almost  a  mass  of  flame  as 
they  poured  forth  a  deadly  fire  upon  the 
uncovered  troops  below.  Bravely  the  army 
struggled,  with  terrible  loss  of  life,  to  gain 
a  foothold  where  they  could  stop  the  mur 
derous  guns.  After  a  time  General  McCler- 
nand  sent  word  to  Grant  that  he  had  won 
some  intrenchments  ami  wanted  help  to 
hold  them  and  enable  him  to  push  further 


man  lying  across  Stout's  Bayou,  and  touch 
ing  the  bluffs  on  the  river.  Parke's  corps 
and  the  divisions  of  Smith  and  Kimball 
were  sent  to  Haines's  Bluff. 

For  more  than  a  month  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg  continued.  Shot  and  shell  follow 
ed  each  other  in  quick  succession  through 
out  every  day.  Batteries  on  land  and  water 
sent  death-dealing  messages  into  the  very 
heart  of  the  city,  playing  havoc  with  the 
buildings,  and  driving  the  inhabitants  into 
the  shelter  of  caves  dug  into  the  earth. 
While  the  iron  hail  was  dropping  on  to  the 
devoted  citadel  Grant's  army  dug  its  way 
nearer  and  nearer  to  the  city,  until  it  got 
close  enough  to  undermine  one  of  the 
principal  forts  in  the  line  of  the  defenses  on 
the  land  side.  This  was  done,  and  the  fort 
blew  up  with  fearful  effect.  Meanwhile 


THE    WAR    IN    MISSISSIPPI— MoPHERSON'S    TROOPS    FORAGING    AT    THE    CONFEDERATE  GENERAL    WHITFIELD'S    HEADQUARTERS. 


guns. 


Grant  then  seized  the  capital.  He 
left  Sherman  there  to  destroy  the  war  ma 
terial  and  public  property,  while  he,  with 
a  large  force,  marched  to  Champion  Hill, 
where  General  Pemberton,  with  25,000  men, 
held  a  strong  position.  Upon  his  arrival 
there  Grant  decided  to  wrait  until  McCler- 
nand,  with  the  Thirteenth  Corps,  could 
come  up,  but  the  Confederates  would  not 
wait,  and  on  the  morning  of  May  i6th  began 
the  battle.  The  struggle  was  short  and  de 
cisive.  Pemberton's  troops  were  driven 
from  the  field  and  fell  back  to  Black  River 
railroad  bridge.  There  they  were  followed 
and  again  defeated,  and  sent  flying  in  dis 
order  to  Vicksburg. 

The  victorious  army  swept  on  and  closely 
invested  Vicksburg  in  the  rear  the  next  day 
(May  igth).  An  assault  upon  the  city  was 
&oon  ordered,  Grant  expecting  that,  in  the 


on.  More  troops  were  sent  him,  and  new 
vigor  was  put  into  the  assault.  But  it  was 
a  false  hope.  McClernand  had  not  gained 
as  much  as  he  intimated,  and  after  a  little 
more  slaughter  the  broken  army  was  at 
length  compelled  to  fall  back  and  abandon 
the  struggle.  Grant,  feeling  that  McCler 
nand  had  made  a  grievous  mistake  in  call 
ing  for  aid,  removed  that  general  from 
command  and  put  General  Ord  in  his  place. 
Grant  now  saw  chat  he  could  not  take 
the  city  by  storm,  and  so,  with  the  co 
operation  of  Porter's  fleet,  began  a  regular 
siege.  He  at  once  sent  for  re-enforcements, 
and  when  these  came  the  investment  of 
Vicksburg  was  complete.  He  arranged  his 
forces  by  placing  Sherman's  corps  on  the 
extreme  right,  McPherson's  next  and  ex 
tending  to  the  railroad,  and  Ord's  on  the 
left,  with  the  divisions  of  Herron  and  Lau- 


famine  stared  in  the  face  of  the  citizens  of 
Vicksburg.  The  food  was  portioned  out 
sparingly,  and  the  people  had  to  eat  any 
thing  they  could  lay  their  hands  on  that  was 
at  all  edible. 

At  las.  on  July  3d,  a  flag  of  truce  went 
up  on  thi  fortifications,  and  two  officers 
appeared  before  Grant  with  a  note  from 
Pemberton,  in  which  he  suggested  the  ap 
pointment  of  three  commissioners  to  settle 
upon  terms  of  capitulation.  Grant  wrote 
in  reply  that,  as  he  could  not  listen  to  any 
thing  but  unconditional  surrender,  it  would 
be  useless  to  appoint  commissioners,  and  if 
Pemberton  wished  the  cessation  of  the  siege 
he  could  have  it  by  an  agreement  on  those 
terms.  Pemberton  then  asked  for  a  personal 
interview,  and  the  two  generals  met  midway 
between  the  lines,  under  a  gigantic  oak. 
When  Grant  repeated  that  his  terms  were 


480 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL   WAR. 


unconditional  surrender  Pemberton  haugh 
tily  answered  :  "  Never,  so  long  as  I  have  a 
man  left  me!"  "Then,"  said  Grant,  "you 
can  continue  the  defense;  my  army  was 
never  in  a  better  condition  to  continue  a 
siege."  Not  being  able  to  agree,  the  <nter- 
view  ended  with  a  promise  from  Graiu  *"o 
consult  with  his  officers,  and  to  let  Pember 
ton  know  the  result  by  messenger.  The 


Thus  ended  a  short,  stirring  campaign, 
the  result  of  which  was,  as  Grant  said  in 
his  report,  "the  defeat  of  the  enemy  in  five 
battles  outside  of  Vicksburg  ;  the  occupa 
tion  of  Jackson,  the  capital  of  Mississippi, 
and  the  capture  of  Vicksburg  and  its  gar 
rison  and  munitions  of  war — a  loss  to  the 
enemy  of  37,000  prisoners,  among  whom 
were  15  general  officers,  at  least  io,uoo 


capturing  it."  His  own  loss  in  killed, 
wounded  and  missing  he  estimated  at 
8,575. 

In  the  meantime  General  Banks,  after 
an  active  campaign,  in  which,  as  he  re 
ported,  he  managed  to  break  the  Confed 
erate  power  in  Northern  and  Central  Lou 
isiana,  had  invested  Port  Hudson,  then  in 
command  of  General  Frank  Gardner.  With 


THE  WAR    IN    TENNESSEE-LOOKOUT    MOUNTAIN    AND    ITS    VICINITY,   FROM    THE    POSITION    OF    THE    ELEVENTH    ARMY    CORPS. 


terms  agreed  upon  were,  that  the  entire 
place  and  garrison  should  be  surrendered, 
but  that  the  troops  would  be  paroled  and 
allowed  to  march  out  of  the  lines — the 
officers  taking  with  them  their  regimental 
clothing,  and  the  t  taff  and  field  and  cavalry- 
officers  a  horse  each.  This  proposal  being 
accepted,  the  stronghold  of  Vicksburg,  with 
37,000  men  and  a  vast  amount  of  ordnance, 
was  surrendered,  July  4th,  1863. 


killed  and  wounded,  and  among  the  killed 
Generals  Tracy,  Tilghman  and  Green,  and 
hundreds  and  perhaps  thousands  of  strag 
glers  who  can  never  be  collected  and  reor 
ganized.  Arms  and  munitions  of  war  for 
an  army  of  60,000  men  have  fallen  into  our 
hands,  besides  a  large  amount  of  other 
public  property,  consisting  of  railroads,  lo 
comotives,  cars,  steamboats,  cotton,  etc., 
and  much  was  destroyed  to  prevent  our 


the  assistance  of  Farragut's  squadron,  the 
Hartford,  Albatross,  Monongahela,  Rich 
mond,  Essex  and  Tennessee,  and  some  mor 
tar  boats,  Banks  began  the  siege  of  Port 
Hudson  late  in  May.  Like  Grant  at  Vicks 
burg,  he  made  two  unsuccessful  and  disas 
trous  attempts  to  take  the  place  by  storm. 
For  forty  clays  the  siege  continued.  At 
length  the  want  of  ammunition  and  the  fall 
of  Vicksburg  made  it  impossible  to  hold 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HIS  TO  JOT  OF    THE   CIVIL    WAR, 


481 


the  post  any  longer,  and  on  July  qth  Gen 
eral  Gardner  surrendered  to  Banks.  The 
Federals  lost  during  the  siege  about  3,000 
men,  ant  the  Confederates,  exclusive  of 
prisoners,  about  800. 

The  c  ipture  of  Vicksburg  and  Port 
Hudson  sent  a  thrill  of  joy  throughout  the 
North,  for  in  it  the  people  of  the  loyal 
States  could  see  signs  of  the  early  ending 
of  the  war.  The  loss  of  these  important 
places  would  be  a  blow  to  the  Confederacy 
from  which  it  could  never  recover.  Grant 
was  hailed  as  a  great  general  and  took  a 
high  place  in  the  regard  of  the  people. 

CHAPTER    XV. 

THE  FIRST  CAVALRY  CONTEST-  THE  BATTLE  OF 
CHANCELLOKSVILLE — DEATH  OF  STONEWALL 
JACKSON — LEE  AGAIN  INVADES  MARYLAND 
— GENERAL  GEORGE  G.  MEAIU-:  SITCEEDS 
GENERAL  HOOKER. 

AFTER  the  battle  of  Fredericks- 
burg  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
under  General  Joseph  Hooker,  re 
mained  in  comparative-  quiet  on  the 
northern  side  of  the  Rappahannock 
River,  near  Fredericksburg,  for 
nearly  three  months.  The  army 
numbered  about  100,000  men, 
while  General  Lee's  army,  on  the 
other  side  of  the  river,  numbered 
but  60,000,  as  a  large  force  under 
General  Longstreet  had  been  de 
tailed  to  watch  the  movements  of 
the  Federals  under  General  Peck, 
in  the  vicinity  of  Suffolk.  During 
these  three  months  nothing  but  a 
few  cavalry  movements  disturbed 
the  two  armies.  Early  in  February 
the  Federal  troops  at  Gloucester, 
opposite  Yorktown,  were  attacked 
by  a  mounted  force  under  General 
W.  H.  F.  Lee,  and  March  8th  the 
federal  forces  at  Fairfax  Court 
house  were  surprised  in  the  middle 
of  the  night  by  a  band  of  guerrillas 
led  by  Colonel  Mosby.  They 
dashed  into  the  village,  and  after 
taking  some  prisoners,  among  them 
the  commander  at  that  place,  gal 
loped  away.  A  little  later  the  first 
real  cavalry  contest  of  the  war 
took  place.  It  was  between  a  body 
of  Federal  horsemen  led  by  Gen 
eral  Averill  and  some  mounted 
Confederates  under  General  Fitz- 
hugh  Lee.  They  met  at  Kelley's 
Ford,  on  the  Rappahannock,  and 
after  a  severe  battle  Averill's  men 
were  repulsed. 

When  the  three  months  had  al 
most  gone  with  nothing  accom 
plished  Hooker  determined  to  put 
his  army  in  motion  toward  Rich 
mond.  So,  after  making  an  unsuc 
cessful  attempt  with  General  Stoneman's 
cavalry  to  destroy  the  railroads  in  I  ,ee's  rear, 
Hookersent  10,000  mounted  troops  to  raid 
in  the  rear  of  the  enemy.  Then,  while  his 
left  wing,  under  General  Sedgwick,  en 
gaged  Lee  in  front,  Hooker  took  60,000 
troops  of  his  own  right  wing  across  the 
Rappahannock,  several  miles  above  Fred 
ericksburg,  to  Chancellorsville,  a  small  vil 
lage  in  a  region  known  as  the  Wilderness. 
Hooker  made  his  headquarters  there  and 
began  to  intrench  himself.  He  placed 
Howard's  corps  on  his  extreme  right,  with 
Sickles  next  to  him,  Slocum  in  the  centre, 
and  Meade  and  Couch  on  the  left. 

Lee,  instead  of  being  frightened  at  these 
preparations  and  retreating  toward  Rich 
mond,  as  Hooker  expected,  sent  Stonewall 
Jackson,  with  a  large  force,  early  in  the 
morning  of  May  ist,  to  strike  the  Federal 


army  a  heavy  blow.  Hooker's  troops  went  Just  after  the  conflict  had  ended  for  the 
out  to  meet  him,  but  after  a  sharp  engage-  day  the  Confederates  lost  one  of  their  most 
ment  were  driven  back  to  their  intrench-  brilliant  leaders.  In  order  to  make  obser- 
ments.  vations  toward  arranging  a  plan  of  battle 

The  next  morning,  Saturday,  May  2d,  for  the  next  day,  General  T  J.  Jackson 
Lee  sent  Jackson,  with  the  whole  of  the  ("Stonewall'')  rode,  with  his  staff,  over  the 
latter's  command,  about  25,000  men,  to  ground  in  front  of  the  skirmishers.  Then, 
execute  a  grand  flank  movement  on  Hook-  as  he  was  returning  to  the  lines  in  the  dark- 
er's  extreme  right,  where  Howard  was  ness,  he  was  shot  and  mortally  wounded 
stationed.  Jackson  cut  his  way  through  by  one  of  his  own  men,  who  mistook  him 
the  tangled  wilderness,  which  effectually  and  his  staff  for  Federal  cavalry, 
covered  his  approach,  and  reaching  How-  At  dawn  the  next  morning  (May  3d)  the 
ard's  position,  suddenly  burst  from  the  woods  battle  was  renewed  by  an  attack  upon  che 
upon  him.  Fierce  and  terrible  was  the  on-  troops  of  General  Sickles.  The  Confeder 
ates  were  bravely  met  by  the  divis 
ions  of  Birney  and  Berry,  supported 
by  forty  pieces  of  artillery.  For  a 
time  these  made  a  stand  against 
General  Stuart,  who  had  taken  the 
place  of  the  fallen  Jackson  ;  but 
the  Confederates,  undaunted  by 
the  heavy  cannonading  they  re 
ceived,  dashed  up  at  a  furious  pace 
and  drove  Sickles's  corps  gradually 
back,  and  after  six  hours'  hard 
fighting  they  were  pushed  from  the 
field  to  a  strong  position  on  the 
roads  back  of  Chancellorsville. 

While  this  battle  was  being- 
fought  General  Sedgwick,  with 
Hooker's  right  wing,  had  crossed 
the  Rappahannock  on  Lee's  front, 
and  by  a  brilliant  dash  had  capt 
ured  the  heights  of  Fredericks- 
burg.  Then,  leaving  a  part  of  his 
force  to  hold  these  works,  he  took 
his  main  army  toward  Chancellors 
ville  to  join  Hooker.  Learning  of 
this  move,  and  having  Hooker 
well  in  hand,  Lee  at  once  dis 
patched  an  overwhelming  force  to 
intercept  him.  There  w;is  a  severe 
battle,  and  Sedgwick  was  compelled 
to  retreat  across  the  river  at  Banks's 
Ford.  The  troops  left  on  the 
heights  were  also  attacked  and 
driven  over  the  river.  Hooker  soon 
followed,  with  the  rest  of  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  reaching  the  north 
side  of  the  Rappahannock  in  safety 
on  May  4th,  while  Lee  resumed  his 
former  position  on  the  heights  of 
Fredericksburg.  The  loss  on  both 
sides  was  heavy,  that  of  the  Fed 
erals,  in  killed,  wounded  and  prison 
ers,  more  than  i  7,000,  and  the  Con 
federates,  about  15,000. 

Soon  after  the  battle  of  Chan 
cellorsville  General  Longstreet  re 
joined  Lee.  During  his  absence  he 
had  besieged  General  Peck  in  a 
strongly  fortified  position,  near  Suf 
folk,  in  Southeastern  Virginia,  in 
the  hope  of  driving  the  Federals 
from  that  post,  so  as  to  enable  him 
slaught,  crushing  the  Federal  column  like  to  seize  Norfolk  and  its  vicinity  and  attack 
an  eggshell,  and  driving  its  broken  pieces  Fortress  Monroe.  But  failing  in  this,  he 
back  upon  the  remainder  of  the  line.  In  abandoned  the  siege  and  went  back  to 
vain  did  the  gallant  Howard  gallop  furi-  Lee. 

ously  among  his  panic-stricken  men  and  With  this  addition  to  it,  Lee's  army  was 
wave  his  empty  sleeve  as  a  banner  to  them,  reorganized  into  three  army  corps,  com- 
His  column  was  wrecked,  and  he  could  not  manded  respectively  by  Generals  Long- 
save  it.  Back  it  fell,  and  Jackson  was  about  street,  A.  P.  Hill  and  Ewell.  Then  Lee, 
to  gain  the  army's  rear.  But  Hooker,  tak-  made  confident  by  his  successes,  resolved 
ing  in  his  peril  at  a  glance,  sent  his  old  to  invade  Maryland  again.  With  this  pur- 
division,  then  Berry's,  to  the  rescue.  Pre-  pose  in  view,  he  sent  his  left  wing,  in 
senting  a  solid  front  to  the  enemy,  it  enabled  charge  of  General  Ewell,  toward  the  Poto- 
Sickles  and  Howard  to  rally  their  troops  mac,  through  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  by 
behind  it,  and  Jackson's  victorious  course  way  of  Chester  Gap,  while  Longstreet,  with 
was  checked.  But,  regardless  of  the  ter-  another  large  force,  moved  along  the  east- 
rific  loads  of  canister  that  poured  into  ern  bases  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  At  Wm- 
their  ranks  from  thirty  pieces  of  artillery  Chester  the  Confederates  c?me  upon  Gen- 
massed  in  front  of  Berry's  position,  the  eral  Milroy,  with  7,000  Federal  troops,  and 
Confederates  continued  their  attack  until  after  a  battle  drove  him  across  the  Potomac 
late  in  the  evening.  to  Harper's  Ferry.  Ewell  then  crossed  the 


ADMIRAL     SAMUEL     F.    DUPONT. 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORY  OF    THE   CIVIL    WAR. 


stream  and  marched  rapidly  up 
the  Cumberland  Valley  to  with 
in  a  few  miles  of  the  Susque- 
hanna,  opposite  Harrisburg,  the 
capital  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
soon  followed  by  the  divisions 
of  Early,  Hill  and  Longstreet, 
and  on  June  25th,  the  whole  of 
Lee's  army  was  again  in  Mary 
land  and  Pennsylvania. 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
which  had  followed  Lee  on  his 
right  flank,  took  up  a  position 
at  Frederick,  Md.,  June  27th. 
There  General  in  Chief  Halleck 
and  General  Hooker  had  a  de 
cided  disagreement  over  some 
proposed  military  movements, 
and  the  latter  was  forced  to  re 
sign  his  command  of  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac.  He  was  suc 
ceeded  by  General  George  G. 
Meade,  who  kept  the  position 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  His  forces  then 
numbered  100,000  men. 

Lee  now  determined  to  move  upon  Har 
risburg  and  then   push  on 
but   learning   that    Meade 


to 


FLAG    OF  TRUCE    FROM  THE   CONFEDERATES  FOR  A  SUSPENSION 
OF  FIRING,  TO  BURY  THEIR  DEAD,  AT  TORT  ROYAL,  S.  C. 


ately  dispatched  orders  to  the  different 
corps  to  march  with  utmost  speed  to  Get 
tysburg,  and  then  started  off  himself,  reach 
ing  the  place  a  little  after  midnight.  Lee 
also  concentrated  his  forces  that  night  and 


Philadelphia, 
was   well    across 


the  Potomac  and  was  threatening  his  flank     prepared  for  the  great  battle  of  the  morn- 
and  rear,  he  decided  to  first  concentrate  his     ing. 
army  .it  Gettysburg,  and   then  deal   such   a 
demoralizing    blow    upon    Meade    that   he 
could   march   on   to    Baltimore  and   Wash 
ington  without  trouble.    Accordingly,  Long- 


CHAPTER    XVI. 


. 

street  and  1 1  ill  were  ordered  to  march  from 
Chambersburg  to  Gettysburg,  and  Ewell 
ln>m  Carlisle.  As  the  advance  of  General 
Hills  corps  approached  their  destination 
they  were  met  by  Buford's  division  of 
National  cavalry,  at  Seminar)'  Ridge,  July 
1  st,  and  a  sharp  skirmish  took  place.  Gen 
eral  |.  1'.  Reynolds,  with  the  left  wing  of 
Meade 's  army,  then  came  up  and  hastened 
to  Buford's  relief.  Hardly  had  he  reached 
the  field  before  he  was  instantly  killed.  His 
place  was  taken  by  General  Abner  Double- 
day  and  the  battle  went  on.  General  O.  (3. 
Howard  now  arrived  with  his  corps  and 
took  chief  command.  The  Federals  at  once 
began  to  press  the  enemy  back,  and  seemed 
to  be  winning  the  day,  when  K well's  corps 
appeared  on  the  scene,  outflanking  How 
ard's  line  of  battle.  This  turned  the  tide, 
and  Howard  was  driven  off  the  field  to  a 
strong  position  on  a  range  of  hills  near 
Gettysburg,  of  which  Gulp's  Hill  and  Little 
Round  Top  were  the  two  extremes  of  the 
line,  and  Cemetery 
Hill,  at  the  village, 
was  the  apex.  The 
Confederates  pursued 
them  fiercely,  captur 
ing  about  2,500  pris 
oners,  until  they 
reached  the  ridge  of 
hills,  where  they  were 
met  by  such  a  deadly 
artillery  fire  that, 
struggle  as  they 
would,  they  had  to  fall 
back,  and  the  conflict 
ended  with  the  day. 

Learning  of  Reyn- 
olds's  death,  Meade 
at  once  dispatched 
General  Hancock  to 
the  field  to  find  out 
and  report  to  him  the 
state  of  affairs.  Han 
cock's  information  was 
such  that  Meade  de 
termined  to  give  bat 
tle  at  the  strong  posi 
tion  Howard  had  se 
lected.  He  immedi- 


BATTLE  OF  GETTYSBURG — A  TERRIBLE  CANNONADE — LEE'S 
RETREAT— A   GALLANT   CHARGE — CAPTURE    OF   RAP- 

PAHANNOCK     .STATION — TlIE     ARMY    OK    THK     POTOMAC 
GOES    INTO    VVlNTKR    QCAKTERS. 


SOLEMNLY  the 


of  July  2cl,  1863, 
reparations 


p 


a  great 


opened  around  Gettysburg. 
were  being  made  on  all  sides  tor 
battle.  Troops  were' coming  in  from  every 
where  to  swell  the  armies,  soon  to  close  in 
mortal  combat.  Promptly  had  the  divisions 
of  the  Arm\'  of  the  Potomac  responded  to 
Meade's  urgent  call,  and  they  were  all  in 
their  appointed  positions  by  two  o'clock 
that  afternoon. 

The  Federal  line  of  battle  extended  for 
nearly  five  miles  along  both  sides  of  the 
heights  from  Cemetery  Hill,  which  over 
looked  Gettysburg  and  the  field  and  wood 
land  beyond.  Howard,  with  the  Eleventh 
Corps,  occupied  the  centre  ;  next  to  him,  on 
the  right,  was  Slocum  and  the  Twelfth 
Corps,  followed,  across  the  road,  on  another 
hill,  by  the  First  Corps  ;  on  the  left  was  the 
Second  Corps,  under  Hancock,  and  Sickles's 
Third  Corps.  Hill  held  the  centre  of  Lee's 


CAVALRY  SKIRMISHERS  ADVANCING   ON  THE   CONFEDERATE    POSITION   IN   THE  PASS 

OF   THE    BLUE    RIDGE. 


army,  with    Longstreet  on  the 
right,  and  Ewell  the  left. 

The  battle  began  in  the  mid 
dle  of  the  afternoon,  when 
Longstreet  made  a  fierce  charge 
upon  Meade's  left,  commanded 
by  General  Sickles.  Amid  the 
crash  and  thunder  of  artillery 
the  Confederates  dashed  up  sav 
agely,  but  in  splendid  order, 
and  dealt  blow  after  blow,  until 
the  whole  left  wing  of  the  Fed 
erals  was  shaken  and  gradually 
fell  back.  Just  then  the  Fifth 
Corps,  under  Sykes,  came  up 
and  re-enforced  Sickles.  But 
this  did  not  arrest  the  on 
slaught  of  the  enemy  ;  instead, 
the  terrible  fire  of  the  artillery 
that  swept  their  ranks  seemed 
to  make  them  bolder  and  fiercer 
than  ever,  and  they  bravely  con 
tinued  to  force  the  Federals 
back.  They  were  at  last  arrested,  but  not 
driven  away,  by  the  arrival  at  the  scene 
of  Sedgwick's  corps  and  part  of  the  First. 
The  struggle  still  continued,  with  fearful 
losses  on  both  sides,  for  several  hours. 
Meanwhile  another  mighty  contest  was 
going  on  between  Swell's,  corps  and  the 
Federal  right  and  centre  under  Generals 
Slocum  and  Howard.  This  fight  contin 
ued  until  ten  o'clock  in  the  evening,  when 
the  Confederates,  driven  back  by  Howard, 
had  seized  and  held  the  works  of  Slocum 
on  the  extreme-  right  of  Gulp's  Hill. 

The  prospect  was  a  very  gloomy  one  for 
the  Federals  when  the  armies  rested  for 
the  night.  They  had  been  pushed  back  on 
both  the  right  and  left  wings;  they  had 
suffered  great  losses,  and  the  soldiers  were 
tired  with  hurried  marches  and  the  hard 
struggle  of  the  day.  But  Meade  knew  that 
he  had  a  strong  position,  and  as  a  retreat 
would  be  disastrous,  he  resolved  to  fight  it 
out  right  there. 

At  four  o'clock  the  next  morning  the 
battle  was  renewed  on  the  right.  Ewell 
attempted  to  advance  from  the  position  he 
had  captured  the  night  before,  and  Slocum 
determined  not  only  to  prevent  him  doing 
so,  but  to  recover  his  lost  ground.  I  or  two 
hours  there  was  a  desperate  struggle.  Fear 
lessly  the  Confederates  charged  through 
the  smoke  and  death-dealing  balls  of  artil 
lery.  For  a  moment  Slocum  was  pressed 
back,  but  Wheaton's  brigade  of  the  Sixth 
oeing  hurried  to  his 
aid,  he  again  advanced. 
More  troops  were 
brought  up,  and  at 
last  Ewell's  brave  fol 
lowers  were  compelled 
to  give  up  and  fall 
back,  defeated  in  their 
purpose. 

Lee  now  looked  for 
a  more  vulnerable 
point  to  attack,  and 
fixing  on  the  centre, 
he  determined  to  make 
a  desperate  effort  to 
crush  it  with  his  artil 
lery.  Bringing  forward 
145  heavy  cannon,  he 
opened  a  terrific  fire 
upon  Cemetery  Hill 

I       •  •      •        •  TM 

and  its  vicinity.  1  he 
Federal  great  guns,  to 
the  number  of  100,  re 
sponded,  and  one  of 
the  most  fearful  can 
nonades  everwitnessed 
was  begun.  For  two 
hours  the  country 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF    THE   CIVIL   WAR. 


483 


around  shook  with  the  reverberations 
Then,  at  four  o'clock,  Lee  ordered  a 
grand  charge.  Gallantly  his  men  obeyed 
the  command.  In  splendid  order  they  ad 
vanced  rapidly  in  heavy  columns.  The 
steady  hail  of  shot  and  shell  had  no  ter 
rors  for  them  ;  on  they  hurried,  and  even 
when  the  Federals,  reserving  their  fire, 
poured  a  volley  into  their  ranks  that  an 
nihilated  their  lira  line,  they  still  kept 
on,  and  dashing  over  the  rifle  pits  and 
iip  to  the  guns,  bayoneted  or  drove  the 
winners  away.  But  suddenly  their  triumph- 
i'it  charge  was  checked.  The  guns  on  the 
western  slope  of  Cemetery  Hill  opened 
upon  them  with  grape  and  canister  with 
such  awful  effect  that  what  was  left  of  them 
fled  in  confusion.  At  sunset  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg  was  over,  the  Confederates  had 
been  repulsed  at  every  point.  That  night 
the  field  presented  an  awful  sight,  being 


erates  went  up  the  Shenandoah  Valley. 
After  several  skirmishes  in  the  mountain 
passes,  the  Confederates  managed  to  detain 
Meade  at  Manassas  Gap  in  a  heavy  skir 
mish,  while  Lee  hastened  through  Chester 
Gap,  and  crossing  the  Rappahannock,  took 
a  position  between  that  stream  and  the 
Rapidr.n.  When  Meade  followed  Lee  re 
treated  and  took  up  a  strongly  defensive 
position  beyond  the  Rapidan. 

Lee  now  determined  to  make  another  at 
tempt  to  capture  the  national  capital  by 
turning  Meade's  right  flank  to  gain  his 
rear,  and  then  going  on  rapidly  to  Wash 
ington.  Lee  partially  succeeded  in  his 
flanking  movement,  and  the  two  armies  at 
once  started  northward,  one  with  the  hope 
of  reaching  Washington,  the  other  with  a 
determination  to  get  a  position  where  it 
could  prevent  the  accomplishment  of  the 
other's  purpose.  After  an  exciting  race, 


were  thus  captured.  Lee  now  fell  back  to 
a  line  of  defenses  on  the  bank  of  Mine 
Run,  behind  the  Rapidan. 

A  few  weeks  afterward  (November  26th) 
Meade  decided  to  attempt  the  dislodg- 
ment  of  Lee's  army.  General  Warren  was 
sent  ahead  with  a  large  force,  and  upon 
reaching  the  vicinity  of  the  defenses  he, 
with  an  escort,  made  a  personal  reconnois- 
sance,  in  which  t\\.;nty  of  his  men  were 
killed  or  wounded.  Then,  having  made 
his  plans,  Warren  resolved  to  make  an  at 
tack  the  next  morning;  but,  losing  time  in 
manreuvring  in  an  unknown  councry,  the 
day  went  by  with  nothing  accomplished. 
Then  Meade  decided,  after  hearing  War 
ren's  report,  to  make  a  general  assault  on 
the  fortifications  at  eight  o'clock  the  next 
morning;  but  at  daylight  it  was  found  that 
Lee  had  entirely  changed  his  lines  during 
the  night,  and  was  so  strongly  fortified  as 


THE    WAR    IN    GEORGIA-THE    SIXTEENTH    ARMY    CORPS    FORDING    THE    CHATT AHOOCHEE    AT    ROSWELL'S    FERRY,    JULY    lOra,    1864. 


covered  with  the  dead  bodies  of  men  and 
horses.  The  losses  amounted  to  more  than 
23,000  men  on  the  Federal  side,  and  about 
30,000,  including  14,000  prisoners,  on  the 
Confederate. 

So  great  was  the  importance  of  the  battle 
of  Gettysburg  that  the  triumph  of  the 
Federal  army  moved  the  President  of  the 
United  States  to  recommend  the  observance 
of  August  1 5th  as  a  clay  of  thanksgiving 
therefor. 

With  the  fragments  of  his  shattered 
army  Lee  began  a  retreat  toward  Virginia 
on  the  evening  of  the  day  after  the  battle. 
He  recrossed  the  Cumberland  Mountains 
and  pressed  on  to  the  Potomac,  pursued 
by  Sedgwick,  with  the  Sixth  Corps.  Lee 
managed  to  hold  the  Federals  at  bay  until 
he  made  ready  to  cross  the  nver,  which  had 
been  swollen  by  heavy  rains,  by  pontoons 
and  fording.  Meade  followed  him  three 
days  later,  and  marched  along  the  eastern 
base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  while  the  Confed- 


during  which  there  were  many  skirmishes, 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  reached  Centre- 
ville  Heights  October  I5th. 

When  Lee  reached  Bristoe  Station 
Meade  attacked  him  and  drove  him  back 
to  the  Rappahannock  ;  then,  after  repairing 
the  railroad  which  Lee  destroyed  on  his  re 
treat,  followed  him  to  Rappahannock  Sta 
tion,  where  a  sharp  battle  occurred.  The 
place  was.  protected  by  several  strong  forts. 
On  the  north  side  was  a  fort  with  two  re 
doubts  containing  a  force  of  2,000  men. 
Toward  these  the  Federals  turned  their  at 
tention.  General  Sedgwick  directing  an  as 
sault  by  the  Fourteenth  New  York,  Fifth 
Wisconsin  and  Sixth  Maine  Regiments. 
The  troops  gallantly  charged  into  the  rifle 
pits  and  forts  in  the  face  of  a  storm  of 
grapeshot  and  bullets,  and  after  a  short 
hand-to-hand  encounter  drove  back  the  de 
fenders,  whose  retreat  was  cut  off  by  the 
Federals  sweeping  around  to  their  pontoon 
bridge.  More  than  1,600  men  and  4  guns 


to  make  the  chances  of  success  extremely 
doubtful.  So  Meade  withdrew,  and  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  went  into  winter 
quarters  on  the  north  side  of  the  Rapidan. 

CHAPTER    XVII. 

THE  DRAFT  RIOTS  IN  NEW  YOKK — MORGAN'S  RAID — 
BRILLIANT  EXPLOIT  OF  GENERAL  AVERILL — BATTLE 
NEAR  FRANKLIN,  TENN. — GENERAL  STREIGHT'S  EX 
PEDITION — BRAGG  EVACUATES  CHATTANOOGA. 

IN  the  summer  of  1863,  feeling  the  neces 
sity  for  a  larger  force  of  troops,  the  Na 
tional  Congress  authorized  a  draft,  or  con 
scription,  to  fill  up  the  ranks  of  the  army, 
and  the  President  immediately  put  it  into 
operation.  This  act  met  with  the  opposi 
tion  of  the  party  opposed  to  Mr.  Lincoln's 
administration.  The  speeches  of  the  lead 
ers  of  this  party  and  the  utterances  of  the 
press  in  sympathy  with  them  against  the 
draft  so  inflamed  some  of  the  lower  classes 
in  New  York  city  that  they  rose  in  a  mob 
and  entered  upon  a  riot  there  on  July  I3th. 


484 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORY  OF   THE   CIVIL   WAR. 


For  three  days  they  created  a  terrible  dis 
turbance.  They  destroyed  the  telegraph 
wires,  paraded  the  streets  with  horrible 
cries  against  the  draft,  and  plundered  and 
murdered  the  colored  people.  Innocent 
men  and  women  were  clubbed  to  death  or 
hanged  on  the  lampposts,  and  a  large 
orphan  asylum  for  colored  children  was  at 
tacked  and  burned  to  the  ground,  while  the 
fleeing  inmates  were  pursued  and  many  of 
them  captured,  to  be  cruelly  beaten  and 
maimed.  Many  colored  people  had  to  fly 
for  their  lives  into  the  country.  Finally  the 
police,  aided  by  armed  citizens  and  soldiers 
from  the  forts  in  the  harbor,  suppressed  the 
insurrection.  Fully  200  persons  were  killed, 
and  property  to  the  amount  of  at  least 
$2,000,000  was  destroyed. 

It  was  at  this  time  that  John  Morgan, 
the  guerrilla  chief,  made  his  famous  raid 
through  Kentucky,  Southern  Indiana  and 
Ohio."  He  went  swiftly  from  village  to  ' 
village,  plundering,  destroying  and  levying 
contributions.  His  purpose  was  to  give  the 
signal  for  the  uprising  of  the  Secessionists 
in  those  States.  Rut  he  was  unsuccessful, 
and  was  soon  captured,  with  many  of  his 


early  in  April,  with  about  9,000  troops,  for 
the  purpose  of  seizing  that  city,  and  thus 
be  able  to  go  on  and  capture  Nashville. 
But  in  the  battle  that  followed  with  the 
Federal  forces  under  General  Gordon 
Granger  he  was  defeated,  and  he  retired 
to  Spring  Hill. 

Meanwhile  Rosecrans  was  not  idle.  In 
the  latter  part  of  April  he  sent  out  an  ex 
pedition  to  Georgia  in  the  hope  of  taking 
Rome,  where  the  Confederates  had  large 
iron  works,  and  Atlanta,  the  centre  of  an 
important  system  of  railroads.  The  expe 
dition  was  led  by  Colonel  A.  D.  Straight, 
and  left  Nashville  in  steamers  for  Fort 
Donelson,  from  whence  the  troops  marched 
over  to  the  Tennessee  River  and  up  that 
stream  to  Tuscumbia,  where  they  were 
mounted  on  horses  secured  on  the  way. 
Then  they  moved  eastward  through  Ala 
bama  into  Georgia,  in  the  rear  of  Bragg's 
army.  They  were  getting  well  on  the 
way  to  their  destination  when  a  body  of 
cavalry,  under  Forrest  and  Roddy,  set  out 
in  pursuit  of  them.  A  lively  race  ensued, 
and  it  was  ended  only  by  the  giving  out  of 
Streight's  horses  and  ammunition  when  he 


and  south  and  gain  his  antagonist's  rear, 
when  he  ^ould  be  cut  off  from  his  base  of 
supplies  and  be  compelled  to  retreat  or  give 
battle.  With  this  plan  in  view,  Rosecrans 
took  the  corps  of  Generals  Thomas  and 
McCook  across  the  Tennessee,  a  few  miles 
below  Chattanooga,  and  went  up  the  Look 
out  Valley  and  took  possession  of  Lookout 
Mountain.  Then  the  rest  of  the  army,  un 
der  Brigadier  General  Hazen.was  left  with 
orders  to  so  arrange  itself  that  the  enem\ 
would  think  the  whole  force  was  still  on 
the  north  shore  of  the  river.  These  orders 
were  so  well  carried  out  that  Bragg  was 
thoroughly  deceived  and  knew  nothing  of 
Rosecrans's  movements  until  the  latter  was 
far  to  the  south  of  him.  Bragg  immedi 
ately  saw  the  danger  of  being  cut  off  from 
his  base  of  supplies,  and  at  onca  broke  up 
his  camp  and  evacuated  Chattanooga,  pass 
ing  through  the  gaps  of  Missionary  Ridge 
to  Chickamauga  Creek,  near  Lafayette,  ii: 
Northern  Georgia. 

\\  hen  Rosecrans  heard  of  Bragg's  retreat 
his  army  was  scattered.  McCook's  corps 
was  forty-five  miles  away  up  the  valley ; 
Thomas  was  clown  the  valley,  thirteen 


jfc  •  ^r  v ;»-* j:  v/^**^^;,^ Mf.V  ^V, 

SIEGE    OF    CHARLESTON,   S.    C.— FEDERAL    SHARPS HOO'I'K Its    APPROACHING     FORT     WAGNKK     JiKKORK    THE    EVACUATION. 


followers,  in  Southeastern  Ohio,  late  in 
July.  The  remainder  of  his  band  were 
killed  or  dispersed. 

A  brilliant  exploit  was  performed  by  a 
troop  of  Federal  cavalry,  led  by  General 
W.  \V.  Averill,  in  December,  1863.  They 
were  sent  to  destroy  the  East  Tennessee 
and  Virginia  Railroad  in  West  Virginia, 
and  so  successfully  did  they  conduct  the 
raid  that  they  almost  entirely  cleared  that 
State  of  armed  Confederates,  and  serious 
ly  interrupted  railroad  communication  be 
tween  Lee  in  Virginia  and  Bragg  in  Ten 
nessee. 

After  the  battle  of  Murfreesborough  the 
two  opposing  armies  of  Rosecrans  and 
Bragg  remained  within  a  few  miles  of  one 
another  until  June,  1863.  In  the  meantime- 
the  cavalry  forces  on  both  sides  were  busy. 
The  Confederates,  early  in  February,  sent 
out  4,000  mounted  men,  under  Generals 
Wharton  and  Forrest,  to  capture  Fort 
Donelson.  But  they  failed  and  were  driven 
back.  Then  General  Van  Dorn,  with  a  con 
siderable  force  of  cavalry,  attempted  to 
seize  Rosecrans's  supplies  at  Franklin,  just 
below  Nashville,  in  March,  but  was  attacked 
and  defeated  by  General  Sheridan.  Van 
Horn  went  back  to  the  army,  and  getting 
re-enforcements,  reappeared  near  Franklin, 


was  within  a  few  miles  of  Rome.  The  pur 
suers  fell  upon  him  on  May  3d,  and  his 
condition  compelled  a  surrender.  Straight 
and  his  men  were  sent  to  Richmond  and 
confined  in  Libby  Prison,  from  which  he 
and  one  hundred  other  officers  afterward 
escaped  by  burrowing  themselves  out. 

Rosecrans  organized  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland  into  three  divisions,  com 
manded  respectively  by  Generals  Thomas, 
McCook  and  Crittenden,  with  the  inten 
tion  of  moving  on  to  Chattanooga,  in 
Northern  Georgia.  The  march  from  Mur 
freesborough  began  late  in  June.  Bragg 
left  his  intrenchments  on  the  line  of  the 
Duck  River  at  the  same  time,  and  fell  back 
to  Tullahoma ;  then,  finding  that  Rose 
crans  was  coming  up  and  seriously  menac 
ing  his  flank,  he  quickly  retreated  from 
there  toward  Chattanooga,  closely  pursued. 
Passing  over  the  Cumberland  Mountains, 
Bragg  crossed  the  Tennessee  River  at 
Bridgeport,  destroying  the  bridge  as  he 
left  it 

The  Army  of  the  Cumberland  reached 
the  Tennessee  late  in  August,  when  Bragg 
was  safe  in  Chattanooga.  Rosecrans  soon 
saw  that  the  city  was  in  too  strong  a  posi 
tion  to  be  taken  by  a  direct  attack,  so  he 
made  up  his  mind  to  Bank  it  by  the  west 


miles  back  ;  while  Crittenden  was  on  the 
river,  only  eight  miles  from  Chattanooga. 
Rosecrans,  supposing  the  enemy  to  be  in 
full  retreat  toward  Rome,  ordered  Critten 
den  to  move  up  the  Chickamauga  Creek 
and  take  position  at  Gordon's  Mill,  where 
the  road  from  Lafayette  to  Chattanooga 
crossed,  so  as  to  intercept  the  fleeing  army. 
Just  then  Rosecrans  learned  that  Bragg, 
instead  of  rapidly  retreating,  had  turned 
about  and  was  preparing  to  march  back  or 
Chattanooga. 

To  save  Crittenden,  if  possible,  from 
destruction  by  Bragg,  Thomas  was  ordered 
to  march  with  all  haste  over  the  mountain 
to  his  support.  Bragg  learned  of  this 
movement,  and  at  once  sent  General  Hind- 
man  to  Stevens's  Gap,  through  which 
Thomas  would  have  to  pass,  so  as  to  hold 
the  latter  and  allow  Polk  to  fall  on  Critten- 
den's  isolated  position.  For  some  reason 
or  other  neither  of  these  two  movements 
was  made,  and  so  Thomas  was  able  to  cross 
the  gap,  after  sending  Negley  to  hold  it, 
and  push  down  the  valley  to  Crittenden's 
side. 

McCook  was  then  ordered  to  join 
Thomas,  and  at  midnight  his  columns  were 
in  motion.  By  taking  an  indirect  route 
down  Lookout  Valley  and  across  Stevens's 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE   CIVIL   WAR. 


485 


Gap  he  managed  to  elude  a  body  of  Con 
federates  sent  to  intercept  him.  Rosecrans 
now  concentrated  his  army  as  much  as 
possible,  and  on  the  morning  of  September 
i  gth  it  stretched  along  the  Chickamauga 
Creek  from  Gordon's  Mill  toward  the  slope 
of  Missionary  Hill,  with  Thomas  on  the 
left,  Crittenden  in  the  centre  and  McCook 
on  the  right.  Bragg's  army  was  arranged 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  creek. 

CHAPTER    XVIII. 

I'ATTLE  OF  CHICKAMAUGA  CREEK  —  ROSECRANS  DRIVEN 
HACK  TO  CHATTANOOGA  —  THOMAS'S  GALLANT  STAND  — 
"Give  THEM  THE  COLD  STEEL!"-  —  LITTLE  JOHN 
CLEM  AND  THE  CONFEDERATE  COLONEL. 


Chickamauga     Creek 
mornin       of    September 


THE     battle     of 
opened     on    the 
1  9th,  1863.     General  Croxton  received  the 


bravely  for  a  time  they  could  not  long 
resist  the  heavy  human  tide  that  swept 
down  upon  them.  Forced  back,  they 
wheeled  their  batteries  into  new  positions 
and  hurled  shot  and  shell  into  the  ranks  of 
their  advancing  foe.  But  all  in  vain. 
Steadily  the  Federals  advanced,  breaking 
the  head  of  each  column  as  it  tried  to  stop 
them,  and  sweeping  over  everything,  until 
the  field  was  won  and  the  Confederates  had 
been  driven  back  nearly  a  mile. 

While  the  battle  was  raging  on  the  left 
the  Federal  centre  was  assailed  by  Polk 
and  Hill  with  such  ardor  that  it  was  quickly 
forced  back  and  was  about  to  break  in  con 
fusion  when  General  J.  C.  Davis,  who  was 
on  the  right,  came  up  and  stemmed  the 
current  for  a  moment.  But  fresh  Confed 
erates  immediately  appeared  and  rushed 


in  great  haste,  charged  furiously  upon  the 
Confederates.  The  two  armies  now  stood 
face  to  face  without  either  side  having 
much  of  an  advantage.  But  Bragg  had 
been  foiled  in  every  attempt  to  break  Rose- 
crans's  line,  and  at  nightfall  he  withdrew  to 
prepare  for  another  struggle  on  the  morrow. 
The  Federal  army  rested  uneasily  that 
night.  It  had  suffered  great  losses  during 
the  day  and  nothing  had  been  gained.  Al 
though  the  troops  were  tired  out  by  the 
struggle,  and  thirsty,  because  of  having 
been  driven  from  Chickamauga  Creek  to  a 
place  where  there  was  no  water,  they  knew 
they  would  have  to  fight  out  the  battle  in 
the  morning.  But  they  had  the  satisfaction 
of  knowing  that  only  their  indomitable 
bravery  had  saved  their  army  from  total 
defeat. 


SIEGE    OF    CHARLESTON— THE    DOOMED    CITY    FIRED    BY    GILLMORE'S    EXPLOSIVE    SHELLS    FROM    FORT    PUTNAM, 

JANUARY    3o,    1864. 


first  blow.  He  had  been  sent  with  his 
brigade  from  the  Federal  left  toward  the 
river  to  reconnoitre,  when  the  Confederates 
opened  the  attack  upon  him.  The  divisions 
of  Brannan  and  Baird  were  at  once  dis 
patched  to  the  assistance  of  Croxton,  but  so 
severe  was  the  assault  that  they  soon  fell 
back  toward  the  centre,  and  Bragg  seemed 
to  be  rapidly  gaining  his  purpose  to  strike 
at  the  whole  line  from  left  to  right  to  find 
the  weak  spot  and  break  through,  when 
Thomas  came  up,  and,  rallying  the  broken 
divisions  of  Brannan  and  Baird,  hurled 
them  upon  the  enemy.  Then  drawing  all 
his  columns  into  position  again,  Thomas 
ordered  the  whole  line  to  advance.  Pre 
senting  a  solid,  determined  front,  the  troops 
marched  out  steadily  and  firmly,  and"  al 
though  Longstreet's  men  stood  their  ground 


into  the  fray  so  fiercely  that  the  Federal 
line  was  parted  in  the  middle,  and  the 
assailants  pushed  on  into  the  gap  thus 
made.  For  a  moment  it  seemed  as  if  they 
had  gained  the  day ;  but  Thomas  came  up 
just  then,  and  while  Hazen  held  the  enemy 
in  check,  Wilder's  brigade  dashed  up  and 
drove  the  advancing  columns  back.  But 
only  for  a  brief  spell  ;  they  soon  rallied,  and 
with  re-enforcements  again  came  on,  forcing 
Wilder,  in  turn,  to  fall  back.  His  retreat, 
however,  was  stopped  by  the  arrival  of 
Sheridan,  who,  with  Bradley's  brigade, 
turned  the  tide  again  in  favor  of  the  Fed 
erals.  Then  Bradley  found  himself  giving 
way  under  an  attack  that,  beginning  at  the 
extreme  Federal  left,  had  drifted  rapidly 
down  the  line  ;  but  he  was  saved  by  Negley 
and  Wood,  who,  coming  down  the  stream 


The  Confederates,  too,  were  unhappy 
over  the  result  of  their  day's  work.  Their 
gallant  struggles  to  get  past  the  Federal 
line  and  recover  Chattanooga  had  come  to 
naught,  and  they  must  repeat  their  efforts 
the  next  morning.  But  the  gloom  that 
settled  upon  their  camp  was  somewhat  dis 
pelled  by  the  appearance  in  the  night  of 
General  Longstreet,  with  the  balance  of  his 
corps,  that  had  been  sent  by  Lee  from  Vir 
ginia  to  the  assistance  of  Bragg,  so  that  the 
latter's  army  was  increased  to  70,000  men, 
while  Rosecrans  had  but  55,000. 

The  next  morning,  Sunday,  September 
2oth,  the  battle  broke  out  again  with  a 
fierce  attack  upon  Thomas's  position.  The 
Confederates  made  a  gallant,  determined 
charge,  and  although  part  of  Thomas's  line 
was  protected  by  a  rude  breastwork,  from 


486 


LESLIES   ILLUSTK.\rEl>    HISTORY   OF    THE    LlllL    \\AK. 


which  poured  an  incessant  stream  of  bullets, 
tlu-y  pushed  on,  rapidly  tilling  the  places  of 
those  who  fell  under  the  hot  fire.  As 
column  after  column  melted  away  fresh 
troops  sprang  forward,  their  leaders  being 
determined  to  put  out  the  fire  at  any  cost. 
Thomas  was  soon  so  hard  pressed  that 
Rosecrans  sent  Negley  to  his  aid,  filling 
the  latter's  place  with  Wood,  of  Critten- 
den's  division.  The  Confederate  generals 
then  urged  the  men  on  to  a  last  desperate 
assault.  So  well  did  they  respond  to  the 
appeal  that,  reckless  of  death,  they  dashed 
up  into  the  very  mouths  of  guns  and  cannon 
and  broke  the  s'olid  columns  in  front  of  them 
and  hurled  them  back.  In  vain  did  Thomas 
try  to  prop  up  the  tottering  columns  with 
his  presence  and  appeals;  one  by  one  they 
crumbled  until  the  whole  wing  fell  back  in 
disorder.  As  they  retreated  Thomas  hastily 
sought  another  position,  and  finding  it, 
managed  to  rail)  the  troops  behind  it,  and 
another  stand  was  made. 

Rosecrans  now  ordered  Wood  to  le:ave 
his  position  in  the  cent  re  and  join  Reynolds, 
who  was  the  hardest  pressed  in  Thomas's 
line.  To  do  this  Wood  had  to  pass  around 
in  the  rear  of  Brannan,  who  stood  between 


the  good  position  of  Thomas  and  his  well- 
directed,  incessant  fire  were  too  much  for 
even  the  bravest  man.  and  the  Confederate 
charge  was  checked.  Falling  back,  they 
decided  to  assail  the  Federals  on  their 
flanks.  In  one  dark  mass  they  suddenly 
swung  round  on  to  Thomas's  right  and 
poured  through  the  gorge  in  his  rear. 
Thomas  shuddered.  All  was  up  with  him. 
In  a  few  moments  they  would  all  be  killed 
or  captured,  for  he  had  no  force  to  check 
the  onslaught  on  the  right  and  rear.  But 
just  at  the  critical  moment  General  Granger, 
who  had  heard  of  the  peril  of  Thomas  and 
moved  to  his  support  from  his  position 
three  miles  away,  arrived  with  the  brigades 
of  Mitchell  and  Whittaker,  under  the  com 
mand  of  Steedman.  Not  a  second  too  soon 
did  they  arrive;  Hindman's  troops  were  al 
ready  shouting  a  victory,  when  Steedman, 
seizing  the  regimental  colors,  led  the  two 
brigades  in  a  gallant  charge  against  them. 
Like  a  cyclone  they  swept  down  upon  the 
conquering  foe  and  blew  it  from  the  ridge. 
Once  more  the  Federals  were  secure  in 
their  position.  Hindman's  troops  were 
rallied  at  once,  and  charged  again  upon  the 
riol"x-,  only  to  be  driven  back  by  the  deadly 

O  *  •*  •" 


come  separated  from  his  companions,  after 
taking  part  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight,  and 
was  running  to  join  them,  with  his  musket 
on  his  shoulder,  when  a  Confederate  colonel 
saw  him  and  shouted:  "Stop,  you  little- 
Yankee  devil  i"  The  boy  came  to  a  stand 
still  and  waited  for  the  colonel  to  ride  up. 
As  he  did  so  young  Clem  swiftly  brought 
up  his  musket,  and  taking  aim,  shot  the 
colonel  dead.  The  boy  escaped,  and  was 
rewarded  for  his  achievement  by  promotion 
to  a  sergeancy. 

CHAPTER    XIX. 

ROSECKANS'S  Sui'l'LlKS  Cl  T  (  )l  I  llliANT  IS  COMMAND  OF 
THE  MlLITAHY  DIVISION  or  THE  MISSISSIPPI — CAW- 
UKE  OF  BHOWN'S  FEHHY  KNOXVILLE  BESIEGED— 
BATTLES  OF  LOOKOUT  MAINTAIN  AND  MISSIONARY 

RlDOE. 

WHKN  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  fell 
back  to  Chattanooga  after  the  fierce  battle 
of  Chickamauga  its  position  soon  became 
precarious,  for  the  Confederates  by  arrang 
ing  themselves  upon  Missionary  Ridge  and 
Lookout  Mountain,  which  commanded  the 
Tennessee  River,  managed  to  effectually 
cut  off  all  its  supplies  from  that  direction. 
Then  by  a  raid  they  destroyed  several 
hundred  wagon  loads  coming  from  other 


THK     \VAH     IN     VIRGINIA— HOSPITAL     SCKNK     A  FT  Kit     THK     BATTLK     OF     BRISTOK     STATION. 


him  and  Reynolds.  Always  on  the  lookout 
lor  a  weak  spot  in  the  Federal  line,  the 
Confederates,  quick  as  a  flash,  saw  the  gap 
made  by  the  departure  of  Wood,  and  with 
out  a  moment's  delay  sprang  into  it.  Davis, 
wh«  moved  quickly  from  the  right  to  pre 
vent  this,  was  swept  aside  without  cere 
mony,  while  those  on  the  left  of  the  gap 
shared  the  same  fate.  Sheridan,  who  had 
come  from  the  right,  rallied  his  troops  and 
for  awhile  stood  his  ground  obstinately 
against  great  odds.  But  the  Confederates 
swept  everything  before  them.  Rosecrans 
himself  and  McCook  and  Crittenden  were 
all  borne  backward,  unable  to  breast  the 
tide,  and  their  troops  fled  to  the  shelter  of 
Chattanooga. 

Thomas's  left  wing  was  now  left  alone 
on  the  field,  and  he  determined  to  make  a 
stand  and  save  the  army  if  possible.  Gath 
ering  his  broken  ranks  on  a  semicircular 
ridge,  he  poured  volley  after  volley  from 
cannon  and  muskets  into  the  masses  of 
Confederates,  who,  flushed  with  their  vic 
tory  on  other  parts  of  the  field,  bore  down 
upon  him  with  great  fury.  Bravely  the 
l-fderals  stood  their  ground,  and  bravely 
their  enemies  rushed  to  the  attack.  But 


tire.  Again  and  again  they  returned  to  the 
attack.  Then  they  tried  an  advance  upon 
the  left,  but  were  routed  by  a  bayonet 
charge  led  by  Reynolds.  The  day  was  now 
fast  closing,  and  the  Confederates  rallied 
for  a  decisive  blow.  Thomas's  ammunition 
was  exhausted,  and  he  had  nothing  to  stop 
this  last  assault  except  the  bayonet.  So 
when  the  foe  came  on  and  reached  striking 
distance  he  shouted  "Give  them  the  cold 
steel !"  Forgetting  their  weariness,  his  men 
sprang  forward  and  charged  so  quickly  and 
steadily  that  the  Confederates  turned  and 
fled,  and  the  left  wing  of  Rosecrans'sarmy 
was  saved. 

The  next  night  Thomas  withdrew  from 
the  field  and  joined  the  balance  of  the 
army,  which  had  fallen  back,  defeated,  to 
Chattanooga.  The  victory  ol  the  Confed 
erates  at  Chickamauga  cost  them  about 
21,000  men,  killed,  wounded  and  taken 
prisoners.  Rosecrans  lost  about  19,000,  or 
nearly  one-third  of  his  splendid  army.  Be 
sides  this,  he  lost  36  guns,  20  caissons  and 
8,450  small  arms. 

One  of  the  many  incidents  of  the  battle 
was  the  exploit  of  a  little  twelve-year-old 
volunteer  named  John  Clem.  He  had  be- 


directions,  and  seriously  damaged  the  rail 
road  between  Stevenson  and  Nashville,  so 
that  it  seemed  for  a  time  as  if  all  the  com 
munications  of  the  Federal  army  would  be 
destroyed  and  a  retreat  become  inevitable. 
But  the  National  Government  determined 
to  hold  Chattanooga,  and  at  once  took 
measures  to  relieve  the  distress  of  the 
troops  there.  The  Armies  of  the  Cumber 
land  and  theTennessee, constituting  the  Mil 
itary  Division  of  the  Mississippi,  were  con 
solidated,  and  General  Grant  was  made 
commander  in  chief.  When  he  arrived  at 
Chattanooga  Grant  made  General  Thomas 
the  leader  of  the  first-named  army,  and 
General  Sherm  n  of  the  latter;  Rosecrans 
having  been  ordered  to  St.  Louis. 

In  order  to  prepare  the  way  for  an  attack 
upon  the  Confederates'  position  on  Look 
out  Mountain  it  was  found  necessary  to 
gain  possession  of  Brown's  Ferry,  three 
miles  below  the  mountain,  and  thus  make 
possible  a  lodgment  on  the  south  side  of 
the  Tennessee  River.  After  a  reconnois- 
sance  by  Grant  and  Thomas,  the  chief 
engineer,  General  W.  F.  Smith,  was  sent 
\vith  4,000  men  to  seize  it.  On  the  night 
of  October  27th  1,500  of  the  men,  spe<;ialK 


/'RANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORY  OF    THE    CIVIL    WAR. 


487 


picked  out  and  led  by  General  Hazen,  were 
placed  in  pontoons  and  flatboats  and 
pushed  out  into  the  stream,  down  which 
they  drifted  without  *he  aid  of  oars,  around 
Moccasin  Point,  in  front  of  Lookout  Mount- 
iin.  They  soon  made  a  landing,  and  while 
h.he  boats  were.-  rowed  across  the  river  to  a 
point  where  stood  the  balance  of  the  4,000 
troops,  who  had  secretly  marched  thither 
by  land,  a  strong  position  to  resist  the  now 
alarmed  enemy  was  secured.  When  the 
AMole  force  had  disembarked  the  Confed 
erates  retreated  up  the  valley,  and  the 
Federals  took  the  opportunity  of  building  a 
pontoon  bridge  that  soon  spanned  the  river 


was  at  once  detached  to  charge  the  heights 
while  the  other  kept  on  toward  Geary. 
Another  brigade,  under  Orlan  Smith,  from 
Steinwehr's  division,  which  just  then  came 
up,  was  ordered  to  carry  a  hill  in  the  rear 
of  Schurz.  They  did  so  with  the  bayonet, 
after  two  desperate  charges  in  the  face  of  a 
fire  from  nearly  2,000  muskets  and  up  a 
steep  slope  covered  with  underbrush  and 
lined  with  gullies  and  ravines. 

Geary  had  a  severe  struggle  against  over 
whelming  numbers,  but  being  re-enforced, 
and  the  men  being  cheered  by  the  presence 
of  Hooker  in  the  most  critical  places,  the 
Confederates  were  at  length  driven  away 


self  in  that  city,  and  at  the  middle  of  No 
vember  was  regularly  besieged  there  by 
Longstreet.  The  siege  continued  until  the 
close  of  the  month,  when  the  arrival  of 
Generals  Granger  and  Sherman,  sent  to 
Burnside's  relief,  drove  Longstreet  into  a 
rapid  retreat  toward  Virginia. 

Grant  now  determined  to  take  advantage 
of  Longstreet's  absence  by  an  attack  upon 
Bragg.  So,  ordering  Hooker  to  attack 
Bragg's  left,  on  Lookout  Mountain,  Sher 
man  was  directed  to  cross  the  Tennessee, 
above  Chattanooga,  and  strike  Bragg's 
right,  on  Missionary  Ridge.  Hooker 
moved  rapidly  on  the  morning  of  Novem- 


-ft  :     'U'^i 

J*L/-  i^/fmm 


THE    WAR    IN    MISSISSIPPI— GENEEAL    McPHERSON    DRIVING    THE    ENEMY    FROM    THEIK    POSITION    ON     THE    CANTON    ROAD, 

NEAR    BROWNSVILLE. 


and  opened  a  way  for  re-enforcement  and 
supplies. 

Hooker,  who  was  at  Bridgeport,  was  now 
ordered  by  Grant  to  advance  to  Lookout 
Valley  and  menace  Bragg's  flank  and  pro 
tect  the  passage  of  supplies  up  the  Ten 
nessee.  He  started  off  at  once  and  took 
up  a  position  at  Wauhatchie,  from  which 
the  Confederates  attempted  to  dislodge  him 
before  daylight  on  the  morning  of  October 
29th.  The  attack  opened  against  Geary's 
division,  and  he  was  soon  so  hard  pressed 
by  overwhelming  numbers  that  Hooker 
ardered  Schurz's  division  of  Howard's  corps 
:o  his  aid.  On  the  way  this  division  was 
surprised  by  a  sudden  fire  of  musketry  from 
ihe  hills  near  by.  A  brigade  under  Tyndale 


to  the  shelter  of  Lookout  Mountain,  after 
a  three  hours'  battle  in  the  darkness. 
During  the  contest  about  200  mules,  panic- 
stricken  by  the  noise  of  the  guns,  dashed 
into  the  Confederate  ranks,  and  the  men, 
supposing  it  to  be  a  charge  of  Hooker's 
cavalry,  fell  back  in  confusion  for  a  mo 
ment. 

Meanwhile  General  Burnside  was  mak 
ing  rapid  progress  in  his  efforts  to  expel 
the  Confederates  from  the  Valley  of  East 
Tennessee.  He  had  taken  possession  of 
Knoxville,  and  was  about  to  move  on  and 
join  Rosecrans  at  Chattanooga,  when,  just 
after  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Bragg 
sent  Longstreet  to  the  valley  to  recover 
Knoxville.  Burnside  then  intrenched  him- 


ber  24th.  With  skill  and  celerity  he  fought 
his  way  up  the  steep,  rugged  sides  of  the 
mountain.  For  awhile  he  seemed  to  the 
on-lookers  below  to  be  above  the  clouds,  as 
a  thick  mist  concealed  his  men  from  view. 
"At  this  juncture,"  said  an  ey<  witness, 
"the  scene  became  one  of  most  exciting 
interest.  The  thick  fog,  which  had  hereto 
fore  rested  in  dense  folds  upon  the  sides  of 
the  mountain,  concealing  the  combatants 
from  view,  suddenly  lifted  to  the  summit  of 
the  lofty  ridge,  revealing  to  the  anxious 
gaze  of  thousands,  in  the  valley  and  on  the 
plains  below,  a  scene  such  as  is  witnessed 
but  once  in  a  century.  General  Geary's 
:olumns,  flushed  with  victory,  grappled 
with  the  foe  upon  the  rocky  ledges  and 


!jk 

i 


..     •,    :." 

:'x  -'.-5 


SJEGE     OF     PKTKKSliUKU-TUE     Nl.NTH     CUKPS     CHAK<il\<;     >'N      il 
linmcdiat.-ly   afti-r    tlu-    .-xplosion    of    the    mine    a    hundred    cannon    opened    along    the    Federal    front      r,d    at    half-u  ist    five   I 

wh  eh"1"1"!  hC  ^r'/T  ua   Sh°rt   disU?^    1>eymld    tl;<>    f°rt'    and    rest"d'  holdin/ground  with   the   utmost  deterSt  pn      It 
ch  would  have  decided    the    contest       The    troops    advanced   in  jr(,od   order    as    far    as    the    first  line,  where  they   receive!    a   g* 
in    the    fort,  and    the    remainder    running    to    the    rear   as    fast    as    possible.     They  were    rallied    and    again   pi 


AFTEK     THK     EXPLOSION     OF     THE     MINE,    JULY     auiH,    l»m. 


charged    carrying    the    fort  with    a    part   of  the    line   on   each   side.      The    Second    Division,  which   was   in   the  centre    advir    ed 
Colored    Division,   under   General   White,  was    pushed   forward   and    ordered   to   charge    and    carry  the    crest    of    the    hi]  I 
pecked  them,  and    although   quite  a  number  kept  on  advancing,   the  greater  number  seemed  to  become  utterly  demoralize 

\'     Without      «lll~r-f>BC       thf»       rri-<sa(-*»t-      f^at-f      /-.f      tka.       ^.ffi^^        .      U     •_.         1-11       r  _J_J  '  '         ' 


490 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORS  OF    THE   CIVIL   \\'AR. 


drove  him  hack  with  slaughter  from  his 
works.  While  the  result  was  uncertain  the 
attention  was  breathless  and  painful;  but 
»vhen  victory  perched  upon  our  stand 
ards  shout  upon  shout  rent  the  air.  The 
whole  army,  with  one  accord,  broke  out  into 
joyous  acclamations.  The  enthusiasm  of 
the  scene  beggars  description.  Men  were 
frantic  with  joy,  and  even  General  Thomas 
himself,  who  seldom  exhibits  his  emotions, 
said  involuntarily.  '  I  did  not  think  it  possi 
ble  for  men  to  accomplish  so  much  !"  The 
Confederates  that  night  fled  down  the 
northern  slopes  to  the  Chattanooga  Valley 
and  joined  their  commander  on  Missionary 
Ridge. 

Sherman,  having  crossed  the  Tennessee 
River,  was  now  in  a  position  on  the  north 
ern  end  of  the  ridge,  and  soon  after  dawn 
on  November  25th  the  attack  on  Bragg^s 
concentrated  forces  began.  Sherman's 
troops  had  to  descend  to  a  deep  valley 
before  climbing  the  hill  upon  which  the 
enemy  was  perched.  Corse,  leading  the  ad 
vance,  gained  a  foothold  on  the  side  of  this 
hill,  and  others  quickly  followed  amid  a 


a  shout  and  a  dash  they  sprang  up  and  over 
into  the  deserted  ditch  beyond.  Then  up 
the  ridge  they  climbed.  Slowly,  but  stead 
ily,  they  ascended  the  steep,  rocky  slope, 
while  from  above  rocks  and  stones  and 
shells  with  lighted  fuses  were  rolled  down 
upon  them.  Grant,  from  a  commanding 
eminence  in  front  of  the  ridge,  known  as 
Orchard  Knob,  which  Thomas  had  capt 
ured  and  fortified  two  days  before,  watched 
his  army  rise  slowly  upward,  and  with 
intense  anxiety  saw  the  murderous  work  of 
shot  and  shell  hurled  against  it.  At  last 
the  brave  soldiers  reached  the  summit  and 
dashed  over  the  batteries,  and  with  loud 
cheers  drove  Bragg  and  his  army  into 
hasty  flight.  They  were  pursued  as  far  as 
Ringgold,  when  after  a  sharp  engagement 
the  Confederates  fell  back  further,  to 
Dalton.  The  Federals  then  returned  to 
Chattanooga,  and  Sherman  went  to  the 
relief  of  Burnside.  The  Federal  loss  in 
the  battle  of  Missionary  Ridge  was  about 
4,000,  while  the  Confederates  lost  about 
3,100  in  killed  and  wounded,  and  a  little 
more  than  6,000  prisoners. 


Sumter  and  Charleston  was  planned.  It  was 
arranged  that  Fort  Wagner,  on  Morris  Isl 
and,  should  first  be  seized,  then  its  guns  used 
in  r-ilencing  Fort  Sumter  and  in  destroying 
Charleston,  if  that  city  was  not  surrendered. 
As  Dupont  did  not  approve  of  this  plan  he 
was  relieved  early  in  July  by  Admiral  John 
A.  Dahlgren. 

The  expedition  started  July  luth.  Gen 
eral  Alfred  H.  Terry  was  first  sent  with  a 
force  to  James  Island  to  attract  the  atten 
tion  of  the  Confederates,  while  Gillmore 
suddenly  landed  a  large  number  of  troops 
on  Morris  Island,  and  forced  the  Confed 
erates  there,  with  the  aid  of  batteries  on 
Folly  Island,  to  the  shelter  of  Fort  Wagner. 
After  doing  this  Gillmore  planted  batteries 
across  the  island.  Then  on  July  nth  his 
forces  made  an  attack  on  the  fort,  but 
being  repulsed,  a  simultaneous  bombard 
ment  by  sea  and  land  was  determined  on. 
On  the  1 8th  a  hundred  great  guns  opened 
on  the  fort  from  Dahlgren's  fleet  and  from 
the  land  batteries.  At  sunset  the  same  day 
Gillmore's  forces,  which  had  been  re- 
enforced  by  General  Terry  joining  him 


IP? 


'''HE     WAK     IN     LOUISIANA— BATTLF.     OF     MANSFIELD,    BF.TWKEN     GENF.KAL     BANKS     AND     GENERAL     DICK     TAYLOR,    APRIL    STH,    18«4. 


terrific  fire.     Nobly  they  tried  to  reach  the 
lofty    heights    above,     and    brigade    after 
brigade  was  brought   to  their  aid,   but   in 
vain.   The  deadly  shot  and  shell  kept  them 
back,    although    they    held    stubbornly    to 
their    position.      All    morning    the    "battle 
raged  furiously  at  this  place.    Bragg,  think 
ing,    from    Sherman's    brave    stand,     that 
Grant  intended   to  crush  the  Confederate 
right  at  any  cost,  withdrew  his  troops  from 
the  centre  to  use  them  in  aiding  the  defense 
against  Sherman.      This  movement  Grant 
had    expected    and    hoped    for.      Hooker, 
who    had     hurried    down     from    Lookout 
Mountain  alter  his  victory  there,  was  im 
mediately  dispatched,  with  three  divisions 
under  General  Granger,  to  climb  the  decliv 
ities  in  front  and  attack  Bragg's  left.     As 
they  moved  in  steady  columns  toward  the 
frowning  heights  the  artillery  all  along  the 
in->t  of   the  ridge   opened  and  poured  a 
decimating  fire  through   the   ranks.     Still 
onward    they    marched    without    flinching. 
Reaching  the  mountain,  they  came  face  to 
face  with  a  long  line  of  rifle  pits  that  sent 
forth   a  continuous  shower  of  destructive 
bullets.    But  this  did  not  stop  them.    With 


CH. \PTKR    NX. 

A  ITEMPTH  TO  TAKF-:  FOKT  SOMTKK  ASSAULT  ON  FOKT 
WAGNER — DEATH  OF  GENERAL,  STRONG  AND  COLONELS 
SHAW  AND  PUTNAM — A  MONSTER  GUN — BOMBARD 
MENT  AND  DESTRUCTION  OP  FORT  SUMTER — DESOLA 
TION  op  CHARLESTON. 

t 

IN  the  spring  of  1863  the  National  Gov 
ernment  determined  to  make  a  strong  effort 
to  gain  possession  of  Charleston,  S.  C. 
The  most  formidable  barrier  to  the  accom 
plishment  of  this  purpose  was  Fort  Sumter, 
so  on  April  6th  Admiral  Dupont  was  sent 
with  nine  monitor  vessels  and  five  gunboats 
to  attack  that  stronghold.  At  the  same 
time  General  Truman  Seymour  was  sent  to 
co-operate  with  him  with  a  force  of  4,000 
troops,  who  took  a  masked  position  on 
Folly  Island.  But  the  expedition  came  to 
naught,  as  the  guns  on  Sumter  and  the 
adjacent  batteries  opened  such  a  terrific- 
concentrated  fire  upon  Dupont's  fleet  that 
he  was  driven  back  to  the  ocean  after  losing 
one  of  his  ironclads,  the  Keokuk. 

When,  two  months  later,  General  Quincy 
A.  Gillmore  succeeded  General  Hunter  in 
the  command  of  the  Department  of  tin- 
South,  another  expedition  against  Fort 


from  James  Island,  moved  in  two  columns 
to  attack  Fort  Wagner.  One  column  was 
led  by  General  Strong,  the  other  by  Colonel 
H.  L.  Putnam,  acting  as  brigadier.  Strong's 
brigade,  composed  of  the  Fifty-fourth 
Massachusetts  (colored)  Regiment,  undei 
Colonel  R.  G.  Shaw,  the  Sixth  Connecticut, 
Forty-eighth  New  York,  Third  New  Hamp 
shire,  the  Seventy  sixth  Pennsylvania  and 
Ninth  Maine,  led  the  assault.  Dashing 
forward  on  the  double-quick,  the  troops 
passed  through  an  awful  storm  of  shot  and 
shell  from  Sumter,  Cummings  Point  and 
Wagner,  on  toward  the  fort,  without  flinch 
ing.  They  soon  gained  the  clitch  before 
it,  and  crossing  this,  they  were  mounting  the 
parapet,  when  Colonel  Shaw,  waving  to  his 
men,  fell  dead.  The  fire  from  the  garrison 
then  became  so  hot  that  every  commanding 
officer  was  killed  or  wounded,  Strong  being 
among  the  latter.  So  the  brigade,  torn  to 
pieces,  beat  a  hasty  and  disordered  retreat. 
Colonel  Putnam's  brigade  now  advanced 
and  dashed  into  the  same  terrible  storm  of 
iron  hail.  They  gained  the  ramparts,  and 
in  a  fierce  hand-to-hand  encounter  managed 
to  get  their  feet  into  a  portion  of  the  fort ; 


LESL/E'S  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORY   OI^IfE   CIl'IL    WAR. 


49' 


but  the  brigade  was  shattered  and  ex 
hausted,  and  when  Putnam  fell  mortally 
wounded  it  broke  and  fled  back  to  the  in- 
trenchments,  leaving  the  beach  strewn  with 
the  dead  and  dying.  The  Confederates, 
having  a  special  hatred  for  Colonel  Shaw 
because  he  commanded  colored  troops, 
pitched  his  body  into  a  hole  with  a  lot  of 
his  negro  soldiers.  General  Strong  was  so 
badly  wounded  that  he  died  shortly  after 
ward  in  New  York. 

Gillmore  now  saw  that  he  could  not 
capture  Fort  Wagner  by  direct  assault,  and 
so  began  a  regular  siege.  At  the  same 
time  he  decided  to  bombard  Fort  Sumter 
over  the  top  of  Wagner.  For  this  purpose 
he  had  to  construct  a  battery  in  a  morass 
halfway  between  Morris  and  James  Islands 


and  the  platform  put  up  six  2oo-pounder 
Parrott  guns  and  one  monster  300- 
pounder  were  mounted  upon  it.  This  latter 
gun  was  called  the  "Swamp  Angel"  and 
sent  shells  into  Charleston,  five  miles  away. 
One  of  these  struck  St.  Michael's  Church 
and  destroyed  a  tablet  containing  the  ten 
commandments,  leaving  only  two  of  them 
visible,  one  of  which  was:  "Thou  shalt  not 
kill." 

On  August  i  jth  the  bombardment  began 
by  an  attack  by  the  batteries  and  fleet  upon 
Fort  Sumter.  All  day  long  it  was  kept  up, 
and  so  terrific  was  the  fire  directed  against 
it  that  by  night  the  walls  began  to  crumble. 
In  the  meantime  Gillmore's  land  troops 
pressed  toward  Fort  Wagner,  gradually- 
moving  their  parallels  nearer  and  nearer, 


attempt  the  capture  of  Charlestop,  its  im 
portance  as  a  commercial  mart  was  de 
stroyed.  Here  is  a  picture  of  the  condition 
of  the  city  at  the  time,  given  by  a  Southern 
paper :  "  Here  and  there,  a  pede-trian 
moves  hurriedly  along,  and  the  rattle  of  a 
cart  or  a  dray  is  alone  heard  for  a  whole 
square.  The  blinds  are  closed  ;  vases  of 
rare  exotics  droop  and  wither  on  the  lonely 
window  sill,  because  there  is  no  tender  hand 
to  twine  or  nourish  them.  The  walk  glis 
tens  with  fragments  of  glass,  rattled  thithc  r 
by  the  concussion  of  exploding  shells  ;  here 
a  cornice  is  knocked  off;  there,  is  a  small 
round  hole  through  the  side  of  a  building; 
beyond,  a  house  in  ruins,  and  at  remote 
intervals  the  earth  is  torn  where  a  shell  ex 
ploded,  and  looks  like  the  work  of  a  giant 


THE  WAR  IN  TENNESSEE  — CONFEDERATE  MASSACRE  OF  FEDERAL  TROOPS  AFTER  THE  SURRENDER  AT  FORT  PILLOW, 

APRIL     12TH,    1861 


by  driving  piles  into  deep  mud  and  placing 
a  platform  upon  it.  When  Gillmore  ordered 
a  lieutenant  of  engineers  to  attend  to  the 
construction  of  this  battery  the  latter  told 
him  such  a  thing  would  be  impossible. 
"  There  is  no  such  word  as  impossible," 
said  Gillmore.  "Call  for  what  you  need." 
The  lieutenant  at  once  made  a  requisition 
on  the  quartermaster  for  "one  hundred 
men  eighteen  feet  high  to  wade  in  mud 
sixteen  feet  deep."  But  although  this  req 
uisition  could  not  be  honored  the  redoubt 
was  built  by  bringing  timber  for  the  piles 
from  Folly  Island,  a  distance  of  ten  miles, 
in  rafts.  The  rafts  were  floated  to  their 
places  at  night,  and  the  piles  driven  into 
the  mud  ur.Jer  cover  of  the  darkness,  so  as 
to  keep  the  enemy  in  ignorance-  of  the 
movement.  For  two  weeks  the  wOiK  was 
carried  on,  and  when  it  was  completed 


and  digging  their  way,  in  spite  of  shot  and 
shell,  into  the  fort.  When,  at  last,  on 
September  6th,  they  were  near  enough  to 
get  within  the  ramparts  by  a  single  bound, 
and  they  were  preparing  for  a  sudden 
assault,  the  Confederates  left  it  and  fled  to 
Fort  Gregg,  on  the  point  opposite  Sumter. 
The  enemy  was  soon  driven  from  there,  and 
Morris  Island  was  in  the  hands  of  the  Fed 
erals.  Its  guns  were  now  directed  against 
Fort  Sumter  and  it  soon  became  silent. 
But  when  on  the  night  of  the  8th  an  armed 
force  went  from  the  ships  in  small  boats  to 
take  possession  of  it  the  garrison  suddenly 
arose  from  its  silence  and  drove  the  assail 
ants  back  with  great  loss.  A  little  later 
(October)  Gillmore  concentrated  his  heav  '- 
est  guns  upon  it  and  reduced  it  to  a  heap 
of  ruins. 

Although  the  Federals  did  not  at  once 


in  search  of  some  hidden  treasure;  and 
little  tufts  of  bright-green  grass  are  spring 
ing  up  along  the  pave,  once  vocal  with  the 
myriad  tongues  of  busy  trade." 

CHAPTER    XXI. 

MASSACRE  AT  LAWRENCE,  KANS. — A  HORRIBLE  SCENE — 
CONFEDERATE  ATTACK  ON  HELENA — GENERAL  STEELE 
TAKES  LITTLE  ROCK — ATTEMPT  TO  CAPTTSRE  SABINE 
PASS— GREAT  BRITAIN  IGNORES  THE  CONFEDERACY — 
GRANT  MADE  LIEUTENANT  GENERAL. 

DURING  a  part  of  the  year  1863  the  Con 
federates,  having  reoccupied  Texas,  carried 
on  a  sort  of  guerrilla  warfare  in  Arkansas 
and  Missouri.  In  January  Marmaduke  fell 
upon  Springfield,  Mo.,  but  being  repulsed 
with  a  loss  of  200  men,  went  back  to  Ar 
kansas.  Then  at  Little  Rock  he  got  together 
8,000  men  and  invaded  Missouri  again  for 
the  purpose  of  seizing  the  Federal  stores  at 


492 


LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORY  O/<    77  W   CIVIL    WAR. 


Cape  Girardeau,  on  the  Mississippi.  His 
raid,  however,  was  checked  by  General 
McNeil,  who  attacked  him  at  the  Cape  on 
.April  2oth  and  drove  him  out  of  the  State. 
Other  similar  bands  roamed  over  the  west 
ern  borders  of  Arkansas.  On  July  i;th 
there  was  a  sharp  battle  at  Honey  Springs, 
in  Indian  Territory,  between  a  large  force 
of  Confederates,  fed  by  General  Cooper, 
and  Federal  troops  under  General  Blunt. 
Cooper  was  defeated  and  part  of  his  force 
fled  into  Northern  Texas.  Guerrilla  bands 
made  much  trouble  in  Blum's  rear.  One 
of  them,  led  by  a  brute  named  Quantrell, 
committed  a  horrible  atrocity  at  Lawrence, 
Kans. 

With  a  band  of  about  350  mounted  men 
Quantrell  dashed  into  the  defenseless  town 
on  August  i^th  and  began  a  scene  of  pil 
lage  and  violence  equaled  only  by  the 
worst  Indian  atrocities.  Houses  were 
broken  into  anil  set  on  tire  and  the  citi 
zens  cruelly  murdered.  Germans  and 
negroes  especially  suffered,  they  being  shot 
on  sight.  The  people  were  taken  prisoners 
and  hurried  toward  the  river  to  be  killed. 
One  man  who  was  captured  and  whose 


the  dead  bodies  pieces  of  roasted  flesh 
would  remain  in  our  hands.  Soon  pur 
strength  failed  us  in  this  horrible  and  sick 
ening  work.  Many  could  not  help  crying 
like  children.  Women  and  little  children 
were  all  over  town,  hunting  for  their  hus 
bands  and  fathers,  and  sad  indeed  was  the 
scene  when  they  did  finally  find  them  among 
the  corpses  laid  out  for  recognition.  1  can 
not  describe  the  horrors  ;  language  fails  me, 
and  the  recollection  of  the  scenes  1  wit 
nessed  makes  me  sick  when  I  am  compelled 
to  repeat  them." 

Quantrell  soon  afterward  ( October  4th) 
attacked  General  Blunt  near  Baxter's 
Springs,  on  the  Cherokee  Reservation, 
while  the  latter  was  on  his  way,  with  an 
escort  of  100  cavalry,  from  Kansas  to  Fort 
Smith,  which  he  had  taken  possession  of 
and  garrisoned  the  previous  month.  In  the 
conflict  that  ensued  nearly  all  of  Blunt's 
little  force  were  killed,  as  those  who  were 
only  wounded  at  first  were  set  upon  and 
murdered.  Blunt  managed  to  escape  with 
about  a  dozen  of  his  men  to  Little  Fort 
Blair. 

A  few  months  before  this  General  Price, 


and  a  premature  attack  by  the  gunboats, 
two  of  the  latter — the  Clifton  and  the 
Sackem — were  disabled  and  captured  with 
all  on  board,  so  that  the  expedition  was  a 
failure.  Banks  then  concentrated  his  land 
forces  on  the  Atchafalaya,  in  the  hope  of 
being  able  to  enter  Texas  from  the  east  by 
way  of  Shreveport,  on  the  Rtd  River ;  but 
he  soon  afterward  concluded  instead  to  try 
to  obtain  possession  of  the  coast  harbor  of 
that  State.  Sending  a  large  body  of 
troops,  under  General  C.  C.  Washburne, 
across  Louisiana  toward  Alexandria,  as  a 
feint,  Banks  dispatched  General  Dana  with 
6,000  more  troops  and  some  war  vessels  up 
to  the  Rio  Grande  These  soldiers  landed, 
and  after  driving  a  body  of  Confederate 
cavalry  up  that  river,  pressed  on  to  Browns 
ville,  opposite  Matamoras,  where  they  en 
camped,  November  6th.  When  the  year 
closed  the  Federals  were  in  possession  of 
all  the  strong  positions  on  the  coast  of 
Texas  excepting  Galveston  Island  and  a 
fort  near  the  mouth  of  the  Bra/os,  and  all 
the  State  west  of  the  Colorado  River  had 
been  freed  of  Confederates. 

The  third   year  of  the.   Civil  War,  1864, 


THE     WAK     IN 


LOUISIANA-  BATTLE     OF     GRAND     f'OTKAU— CAPTURE     OF     THE     SIXTY-SEVENTH     INDIANA     BY 

MOUNTED     INFANTRY.    NOVEMBER    :ST>,    1HIW. 


THE     TEXAS 


house  was  burned  was  told  that  if  he 
would  give  the  fiends  his  money  he  would 
not  be  killed  ;  but  when  he  procured  his  sav 
in<rs  of  years  from  the  burning  house  and 
handed  them  over  he  was  shot  dead  from 
behind.  In  another  place  a  man  was  found 
protected  by  his  wife  and  daughter,  who 
threw  their  arms  around  him  and  begged 
for  his  life;  but  one  of  the  ruffians  deliber 
ately  pushed  his  revolver  between  the  two 
women  and  fired  a  fatal  shot. 

The  massacre  was  terrible.  One  hundred 
and  forty  unarmed  men  were  killed  and 
twenty-four  wounded,  while  one  hundred 
and  eighty-five  buildings  were  laid  in  ashes 
before  the  fiends  left  and  made  their  escape. 
The  horrible  scene  after  Quantrell's  de 
parture  is  thus  described  by  one  of  the 
citizens  :  "  I  have  read  of  outrages  com 
mitted  in  the  so-called  dark  ages,  and, 
horrible  as  they  appeared  to  me,  they  sink 
into  insignificance  in  comparison  with  what 
1  was  then  compelled  to  witness.  Well- 
known  citizens  were  lying,  completely 
roasted,  in  front  of  the  spot  where  their 
stores  and  residences  had  been.  The 
bodies  were  crisp  and  nearly  black.  We 
thought  at  first  they  were  all  negroes,  tiU 
we  recognized  some  of  them.  In  handling 


with  S.ooo  Confederates,  made  an  attempt 
to  capture  the  strongly  fortified  post  of 
Helena,  on  the  Mississippi,  in  Eastern 
Arkansas,  then  in  command  of  General 
Steele.  Price  attacked  the  place  on  July 
^d,  iS6},  but  after  a  sharp  battle  was  re 
pulsed  with  heavy  loss.  As  the  Confeder 
ates  then  abandoned  that  section  of  Ar 
kansas,  General  Steele,  on  August  loth, 
started  out  with  i  2,000  troops  and  40  pieces 
of  cannon  to  attempt  the  capture  of  Little 
Rock.  He  reached  the  vicinity  of  that  city 
early  in  September,  and  arranging  his  forces 
in  two  columns,  they  moved  up  on  each 
side  of  the  Arkansas  River.  The  Confed 
erates  fled  at  their  approach  to  Arkadel- 
phia,  on  the  Ouachita  River. 

General  Banks,  who  was  now  at  New 
Orleans,  determined  at  the  beginning  of 
September  to  make  an  effort  to  recover 
Texas.  He  sent  General  Franklin,  with 
4,000  troops,  to  seize  the  Confederate  post 
at  Sabine  Pass,  on  the  boundary  line  be 
tween  Louisiana  and  Texas.  At  the  same 
time  four  gunboats,  commanded  by  Lieu 
tenant  Crocker,  were  detached  from  Com 
modore  Bell's  Gulf  Squadron  and  sent  to 
co-operate  with  Franklin  ;  but,  owing  to  the 
strength  of  the  batteries  at  Sabine  Pass 


1 1 


pened  encouragingly  for  the  believers  in 
the  Union.  There  were  many  signs  point 
ing  to  the  early  downfall  of  the  Confeder 
acy.  More  than  50,000  square  miles  of 
territory  had  been  recovered  by  the  I-ed- 
erals,  and  there  were  about  800,000  I'ed- 
eral  troops  in  the  field  against  only  half 
that  number  of  Confederates.  The  people 
in  the  Southern  States  were  no  longer  will 
ing  to  volunteer  for  the  military  service, 
and  the  authorities  at  Richmond  were  get 
ting  desperate.  They  passed  a  law  declar 
ing  every  white  man  in  the  Confederacy 
liable  to  bear  arms  to  be  in  the  military 
service,  and  that  upon  his  failure  to  report 
for  duty  at  a  military  station  within  a  cer 
tain  time  he  was  liable  to  the  penalty  of 
death  as  a  deserter  ! 

Another  cause  of  satisfaction  to  the 
defenders  of  the  republic  at  this  time  was 
the  action  of  Lord  John  Russell,  the  British 
Foreign  Secretary,  in  decidedly  ignoring 
the  existence  of  the  Confederate  States  by 
issuing  a  notice  to  the  effect  that  no  more 
vessels  should  be  fitted  out  in  Great  Britain 
for  depredating  on  the  commerce  of  the 
United.  Spates  by  persons  employed  by  the 
"sr -called  Confederate  States." 

The  National  authorities  determined  to 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY 


THE    CIVIL   WAR. 


493 


push  the  war  against  the  enemies  of  the 
government  with  vigor  during  the  year 
1864.  For  this  purpose  they  selected  their 
most  vigorous  military  leader,  Ulysses  S. 
Grant,  and  creating  anew  for  him  the  office 
of  lieutenant  general,  placed  him  in  com 
mand  of  all  the  armies  of  the  republic. 
With  a  determination  to  crush  the  Confed 
eracy  as  soon  as  possible,  Grant  at  once 
planned  a  sharp  and  decisive  campaign. 
He  arranged  for  the  capture  of  Richmond 
by  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  under  Gen 
eral  JNIeade,  and  for  the  seizure  of  the 
great  railroad  centre,  Atlanta,  in  Georgia, 
by  General  Sherman  and  his  forces. 


enforcements  he  expected  in  the  shape  of 
General  W.  S.  Smith  with  a  considerable 
force  of  cavalry  did  not  materialize,  and  he 
was  compelled  to  give  up  his  plan.  After 
waiting  a  week  for  Smith  he  set  fire  to 
Meridian  and  started  for  Vicksburg  with 
400  prisoners  and  5,000  liberated  slaves. 
Alarmed  by  this  raid,  General  Joseph  E. 
Johnston,  in  command  of  Bragg's  army  in 
Northern  Georgia,  had  sent  re-enforce 
ments  to  Polk,  then  in  charge  of  the  Con 
federates  in  that  region,  but  soon  afterward 
had  to  recall  them  to  help  in  defending  his 
own  army  against  a  force  under  General 
Palmer,  which  had  been  sent  down  from 


throwing  shells  with  marked  effect  into  the 
Confederate  ranks.  Forrest  soon  found 
that  he  could  not  carry  the  place  by  as 
sault  ;  so,  instead  of  sitting  down  to  a  reg 
ular  siege  of  it,  he  sent  under  a  flag  of 
truce  a  demand  for  the  surrender  of  the 
fort,  and  at  the  same  time  took  advantage 
of  the  cessation  of  hostilities  to  move  his 
men  up  to  a  position  where  they  could  with 
almost  a  single  bound  gain  the  inside  of 
the 'works.  Bradford's  reply  being  a  re 
fusal  to  surrender,  Forrest's  men  made  a 
sudden  rush,  and  with  the  cry,  "No  quar 
ter  !"  sprang  over  the  ramparts.  The  scene 
then  enacted  was  so  cruel  and  horrible  that 


. 
- 


~~     "  •*-"'^—  =r         ~*~f 


^T- *^*>V- 

i-jT^-— —  JT-n-Tr  *    - 


SKETCHES    OF    ARMY    LIFE -WEIGHING    OUT    RATIONS. 


CHAPTER    XXII. 


SHERMAN'S  RAID — MASSACRE  AT  FOBT  PILLOW — "No 
QUARTER  !" — BAXKS'S  ATTEMPT  TO  RECOVER  TEXAS — 
GENERAL  E.  R.  S.  CANBY  SUCCEEDS  GENEBAL  BANKS 
— PRICE  INVADES  MISSOURI. 

IN  February,  1864,  General  Sherman  at 
the  head  of  20,000  troops  started  on  a 
destructive  raid  through  Mississippi  from 
Jackson  to  the  intersection  of  important 
railroads  at  Meridian.  Everything  in  the 
way  of  public  property  was  destroyed. 
Railroad  '.racks  were  torn  up,  the  ties  set 
on  fire,  and  all  the  stations  and  cars  met  on 
the  line  of  march  burned. 

Sherman's  purpose  was  to  push  on  to 
Montgomery,  Ala.,  and  then,  if  circum 
stances  favored  it,  to  go  southward  and 
attack  Mobile.  But  at  Meridian  the  re- 


Chattanooga.  These  two  forces  met  be 
tween  Ringgold  and  Dalton,  in  February, 
1864,  and  it  resulted  in  Palmer  being  driven 
back  to  Chattanooga. 

A  few  weeks  later  General  Forrest,  with 
a  band  of  inhuman  Confederates,  made  an 
attack  upon  Fort  Pillow,  situated  on  a  high 
bluff  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  above 
Memphis.  It  was  garrisoned  with  557  men, 
262  of  whom  were  colored  troops.  The 
attack  began  on  the  morning  of  April  I3th. 
It  was  vigorously  pressed  up  to  three 
o'clock  without  success,  although  the  Con 
federates  managed  to  kill  the  commander 
of  the  fort,  Major  Booth,  whose  place  was 
at  once  taken  by  Major  Bradford.  The 
gunboat  New  Era,  Captain  Marshall,  did 
good  service  in  the  defense  of  the  fort  by 


a  committee  from  the  Joint  Committee  ot-. 
the  Conduct  and  Expenditures  of  the  \Vai 
was  appointed  to  investigate  the  affair. 
They  vividly  described  the  events  that  took 
place  after  the  surrender  in  their  report, 
which  in  part  was  as  follows  : 

"  Then  followed  a  scene  of  cruelty  and 
murder  without  a  parallel  in  civilized  war 
fare,  which  needed  but  the  tomahawk  and 
scalping  knife  to  exceed  the  worst  atroci 
ties  ever  committed  by  savages.  The.  reb 
els  commenced  an  indiscriminate  slaughter, 
sparing  neither  age  nor  sex,  white  nor 
black,  soldier  nor  civilian.  The  officers 
and  men  seemed  to  vie  with  each  other  in 
the  devilish  work;  men,  women  and  even 
children,  wherever  found,  were  deliberately 
shot  down,  beaten  and  hacked  with  sabres ; 


494 


FRAXK  LESLJFS  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORY  OF    THE    CIVIL    WAR. 


•;ome  of  the  children,  not  more  than  ten 
vears  old,  were  forced  to  stand  up  and  face 
the  murderers  while  being  shot  ;  the  sick 
md  the  wounded  were  butchered  without 
mercy,  the  rebels  even  entering  the  hos 
pital  building  and  dragging  them  out  to  be 
shot,  or  killing  them  as  they  lay  there  una 
ble  to  off -r  the  least  resistance.  No 
cruelty  which  the  most  fiendish  malignity 
could  devise  was  omitted  by  these  mur 
derers.  One  white  soldier,  who  was 
wounded  in  the  leg  so  as  to  lie  unable 
to  walk,  was  made  to  stand  up  while  his 
tormentors  shot  him;  others  who  were 
wounded*  and  unable  to  stand  were  held 
up  and  again  shot.  *  *  :'f  One  man  was  de 
liberately  fastened  down  to  the  tloor  of  a 
tent,  face  upward,  by  means  of  nails  dn\cn 
through  his  clothing  and  into  the  boards 
under  him,  so  that  he  could  not  possibly 
escape,  and  then  the  tent  set  on  tire;  .in- 
other  was  nailed  to  the  side  of  a  building 
outside  of  the  fort  and  then  the  building 
set  on  fire  and  burned.  I  hese 
deeds  of  murder  and  cruelty  ceased  when 
nighi  came  on.  only  to  be  renewed  the 
next  morning,  when  the  demons  careful!) 
sought  amono  the  dead  Ivmg  about  1,1  ail 

^  - 

directions     for    anv    ot     the    wounded     vet 


early  in  1864.  This  was  to  be  done  by  an 
invasion  by  way  of  the  Red  River  and 
Shreveport.  The  expedition  was  to  have 
the  co-operation  of  Admiral  Porter,  with  a 
fleet  of  gunboats,  on  the  Red  River,  Gen 
eral  Steele,  at  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  and  a  de 
tachment  from  Sherman's  army. 

Sherman's  troops,  led  by  General  A.  J. 
Smith,  went  up  the  Red  River  in  trans 
ports,  followed  by  Porter's  gunboats.  They 
captured  Fort  d'e  Russy,  and  on  March 
1 6th  Smith  took  possession  of  Alexandria, 
where  he  was  joined  on  the  26th  by  Banks's 
column,  led  by  General  Franklin,  which 
had  moved  from  Brashear  by  way  of  Ope- 
lousas. 

Banks  now  took  his  whole  force  up  the 
river  to  Natchitoches,  where  he  met  Por 
ter's  vessels.  Then  he  pushed  on  toward 
Shreveport,  while  the  lighter  gunboats 
wt  nt  up  the  river  with  a  body  of  troops 
under  T.  Kilby  Smith.  The  Confederates 
were  driven  as  far  as  Sabine  Crossroads, 
where  they  made  a  stand,  April  8th, 
under  Generals  Taylor,  Price  and  Green. 
I'he  advance  of  Banks's  army  tried  to  drive 
them  from  this  place,  but  the  Confederates 
s'ood  their  ground  so  well  and  fought  so 
desperately,  that,  even  when  Franklin's 


the  Red  River  at  Alexandria  had  become 
so  shallow  that  to  get  the  fleet  past  them 
the  river  above  had  to  be  dammed  and  the 
vessels  floated  down  over  the  rocks  on  the 
bosom  of  the  flood  that  was  suddenly  set 
free  through  sluices.  This  was  done  with 
great  skill  and  industry  under  the  direction 
of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Joseph  Bailey,  of  a 
Wisconsin  regiment.  Upon  its  accomplish 
ment  the  whole  expedition  pushed  toward 
the  Mississippi.  Banks  now  returned  to 
New  Orleans,  and  General  E.  R.  S.  Canbx 
took  his  place  on  the  field.  Steele  was 
prevented  from  co-operating  with  the  expe 
dition  by  a  Confederate  force  at  Jenkin- 
son's  Ferry,  on  the  Sabine  River,  where 
after  a  severe  battle  he  was  defeated  and 
compelled  to  return  to  Little  Rock. 

The  failure  of  this  expedition  and  the 
expulsion  of  Steele  from  the  region  below 
the  Arkansas  River  led  Price  early  in  the  au 
tumn  to  plan  another  invasion  of  Missouri. 
Secret  societies  had  been  formed  in  this  and 
neighboring  States  to  aid  the  Confederate 
cause  and  to  assist  the  Democratic  party 
in  the  election  of  its  candidate  for  Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States — General  Mc- 
Clellan.  From  these  societies  Price  ex 
pected  he  would  gain  a  large  number  of 


.- 


. 


i  - 
^^^ 

THI-:    WAI;    i\    i.<»i  ISIANA    <;KM:I;\I.    FKANKI.IVS    AIIMY    CIIOSSIM;    THK    I-HAIIMK    IN    UXFAYETTK    PAHISH.  NOVEMBER  is™,  isea 


alive,  and    those   they   found   were  deliber 
ately  shot." 

The  report  was  full  of  other  instances  of 
barbarity,  but  these  will  suffice  to  show  to 
some  extent  the  horrible  cruelty  of  Forrest 
and  his  men.  As  to  the  fate  of  Major 
Bradford,  the  commander  of  Fort  Pillow 
when  it  was  captured,  the  evidence  given 
before  the  committee  showed  that  he  was 
made  a  prisoner,  and  while  being  taken  to 
Jackson,  Tenn.,  was  led  out  into  an  open 
•;pace  by  five  of  Forrest's  men  and  shot  to 
death. 

Forrest  at  once  beat  a  retreat,  and  troops 
were  sent  out  from  Memphis  by  General 
"vriith  to  intercept  him.  This  force  came 
up  with  him  on  June  loth,  at  Guutown. 
on  the  Mobile  and  Ohio  Railroad,  but  after 
a  severe  battle  the  Federals  were  driven 
back  with  great  loss.  Then  General  A.  |. 
Smith  set  out  with  12,000  men  to  hunt 
him  up  and  capture  or  drive  him  away. 
They  found  him  near  Tupelo,  [une  idth, 
and  defeated  him,  after  which  they  re- 
f  ited  to  Memphis.  Then,  soon  after- 
wird,  when  Smith  was  in  Mississippi  with 
10,000  men.  Forrest  flanked  him,  dashed 
into  Memphis  and  escaped  into  Missis 
sippi. 

General  Banks  organized   another  expe 
dition    to   attempt   the  recovery   of     Texas 


in  the  attack 
defeated  the 
who  lied 


troops  came  up  and  aided 
against  them,  they  soon 
FVderals  with  great  loss,  wo  le  n 
confusion.  I  heir  retreat  was  covered  for 
awhile  by  a  division  under  General  Emory 
at  Pleasant  Grove,  three  miles  from  the 
battlefield.  F.mory,  after  a  battle,  fell 
back  with  the  Federals,  who  continued 
their  retreat  fifteen  miles  further;  but 
being  pursued,  anotru  r  battle  was  fought, 
.April  9th,  at  Pleasant  Hill.  Banks  was  vic 
torious,  and  wished  to  renew  the  march  for 
Texas,  but  on  the  advice  of  his  associates 
he  fell  back  to  Grand  Fcore.  on  the  Red 
River,  where  Porter's  larger  vessels,  unable 
to  proceed  higher  up,  were  anchored.  I  o 
that  place  the  troops  under  T.  Kilby  Smith 
also  returned,  after  some  sharp  fighting  up 
the  river. 

As  food  and  water  could  be  procured 
only  with  great  difficulty  in  that  region,  it 
was  now  determined  to  continue  the  retreat 
to  Alexandria.  As  the  river  was  falling 
rapidly  the  fleet  had  difficulty  in  passing 
the  bar  at  Grand  Ecore,  but  succeeded  in 
doing  so  April  i  jth.  Then  the  army  started 
off  on  the  2ist,  and  reached  Alexandria  on 
the  27th.  The  expedition  against  Shreve 
port  was  abandoned,  and  the  land  and  na 
val  forces  prepared  to  return  to  the  Mi«sis- 
sippi  River.  The  watrr  in  the  rapids  of 


recruits  upon  his  entering  Missouri.  Rut 
in  this  he  was  disappointed.  Upon  reach 
ing  the  State  in  September,  1864,  he  found 
the  Secessionists  had  been  frightened  and 
quieted  by  Rosecrans,  then  commanding 
the  Department  of  the  Missouri.  Price, 
with  General  Shelby  and  20,000  men,  got 
as  far  as  Pilot  Knob,  halfway  to  St.  Louis, 
where,  after  a  severe  battle,  he  was  badly 
beaten  by  a  brigade  of  Federals  under 
General  Fwing.  Price  was  soon  afterward 
driven  in  disorder  westward  toward  Kan 
sas  by  troops  under  Generals  A.  J.  Smith 
and  Mower;-  and  late  in  November  he 
sought  shelter  in  Western  Kansas  with  a 
very  much  shattered  army. 

CHAPTER   XXIII. 

KILPATKICK'S  RAID  DEATH  OF  COLONEL  DAHLOREN — 
MOVEMENT  OF  THE  ABMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC — BATTLE 
OK  'HE  WILDERNESS — CONFLICT  AT  SPOTTSVLVANIA — 
DEATH  OF  GENEUAT,  SEDOWICK— TEBMBLB  Loss  OF 
LIFE. 

A  KEW  months  before  Grant  started  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  against  Richmond 
General  B.  F.  Butler,  in  command  of  the 
Department  of  Virginia  and  Nort'.i  Caro 
lina,  sent  out  an  expedition  toward  that 
city  for  the  purpose  of  liberating  the  Union 
soldiers  confined  in  Libby  Prison  and  on 
Belle  Isle  in  thv  James  River.  The  ex- 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORY  OF" THE    CIVIL    WAR. 


495 


pedition  consisted  of  1,500  troops,  foot  anil 
horse,  under  General  Wistar,  and  5,000 
cavalry.-  led  by  General  Kilpatrick,  who 
came  from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 

Kilpatrick  started  on  his  great  raid  on 
the  last  day  of  February.  Capturing  the 
entire  picket  stationed  at  Ely's  Ford,  on 
the  Rapidan,  without  giving  the  alarm,  he 
dashed  on  to  Spottsylvania  Courthouse, 
which  he  reached  at  daylight  ;  then  on  to 
the  first  linf  of  the  defenses  around  Rich 
mond,  which  he  took,  and  opened  an  artil 
lery  attack  upon  the  city.  The  sound  of 
this  attack  was  arranged  to  act  as  a  signal 
for  Colonel  Dahlgren  to  advance  to  his 
aid.  The  latter,  with  Colonel  Cook  and 
500  men,  had  been  sent  across  the  James 
River  to  go  down  its  south  bank  and  re 
lease  the  prisoners  at  Belle  Isle,  and  then 
join  Kilpatrick  in  the  city.  But  Dahl 
gren  failed  to  appear.  Lacking  this  co 
operation  and  finding  the  defenses  stronger 


manded  by  Hancock  ;  the  Fifth,  by  Warren  ; 
and  the  Sixth,  by  Sedgwick.  The  army 
safely  crossed  the  Rapidan,  and  then  started 
on  a  march  through  the  dense  wood  known 
as  the  Wilderness,  Sheridan  commanding 
the  cavalry,  leading  the  advance  and  pro 
tecting  the  immense  train  of  more  than 
4,000  wagons.  The  Wilderness  extended 
from  Chancellorsville  to  Mine  Run,  where 
Lee's  army  was  intrenched.  Lee  decided 
to  attack  the  army  while  it  was  on  the 
march  through  this  wooded  country. 

Before  the  battle  opened  Warren  had 
reached  the  Old  Wilderness  Tavern,  ten 
miles  south  of  where  he  forded  the  Rapidan, 
and  Sedgwick  was  on  his  right  with  his  line 
extending  down  to  the  river.  Grant,  learn 
ing  that  a  battle  was  to  be  forced  upon 
him  in  this  unfavorable  spot,  directed  Han 
cock,  who  had  crossed  five  or  six  miles  down 
the  river,  to  hasten  forward  to  Warren  and 
form  the  left  wing.  Lee  at  once  attempted 


Federal  line,  extending  for  seven  miles 
through  the  forest,  the  battle  raged.  Han 
cock's  attack  was  a  furious  one,  and  he 
steadily  drove  the  enemy  back  for  more 
than  a  mile.  In  this  struggle  General 
Wadsworth  was  especially  distinguishing 
himself  by  leading  the  charge  when  he  was 
killed  by  a  ball  in  the  head. 

Hancock  soon  lost  the  ground  he  had 
gained.  The  Confederates  rallied,  and 
falling  fiercely  upon  his  exhausted  troops, 
forced  them  steadily  back  to  their  original 
position.  Then  General  Longstreet  ar 
rived  on  the  scene  from  a  forced  march 
of  twenty-five  miles,  and  Lee  decided  to 
make  a  strong  effort  to  turn  the  Federal 
left.  In  four  lines  the  Confederates 
marched  up  and  threw  themselves  so  des 
perately  on  Hancock's  position  that  they 
broke  through,  and  fora  moment  it  seemed 
as  if  they  would  win  the  day.  But  Gib 
bon's  division  immediately  rushed  up  to 


THE     SIEGE     OF     PETERSBURG— THE     FIFTH     CORPS     AWAITING     THE     OKDER     TO     ADVANCE,    JULY     30™,    1864. 


than  he  supposed,  and  the  Confederates  in 
alarm  concentrating  quickly,  Kilpatrick  was 
compelled  to  retreat.  He  swung  around 
Richmond  to  the  Chickahominy,  and  cross 
ing  it,  went  into  camp  on  the  other  side. 
There  he  was  attacked  by  a  heavy  force. 
But  he  succeeded  in  repulsing  it,  and  then 
encamped  at  Old  Church  to  await  the  ar 
rival  of  the  scattered  detachments.  These 
all  came  in  during  the  day  except  Dahl- 
gren's  command.  That  officer  had  been 
misled  by  a  negro  guide,  and  after  a  time 
became  separated  with  about  loomen  from 
his  main  force.  They  fought  their  way  to 
within  three  miles  of  King  and  Queen 
Courthouse,  where  they  were  led  into  an 
ambuscade.  Dahlgren  was  shot  clown,  and 
all  but  i  7  of  his  party  killed  or  taken  pris 
oners.  The  gallant  officer  was  a  son  of 
Admiral  Dahlgren. 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac  began  its 
grand  movement  on  May  4th.  It  was  ar 
ranged  in  three  corps— the  Second,  coin- 


to  get  into  the  gap  between  Warren  and 
Hancock,  and  thus  divide  the  army.  But 
Grant  prevented  this  by  sending  Mott's 
division,  the  advance  of  Hancock's  corps, 
which  just  then  came  up,  and  the  division 
of  Getty,  to  hold  the  enemy  until  the  bal 
ance  of  Hancock's  corps  could  arrive. 
This  was  successfully  done,  and  the  line 
was  closed  on  the  left. 

Then  began  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness, 
May  5th.  It  was  a  strange,  hard-fought 
conflict.  The  ground  was  so  thickly  cov 
ered  with  pines,  cedars,  shrub  oaks  and 
tangled  underbrush  and  vines  that  artillery 
was  almost  entirely  useless,  and  although 
nearly  200,000  men  were  engaged  not  a 
thousand  could  be  seen  at  one  time.  The 
contest  raged  with  great  fury  until  dark 
ness  put  an  end  to  it  for  that  day. 

The  next  morning  at  five  o'clock  Sedg 
wick  attacked  the  Confederates  under 
E well,  "and  Hancock,  on  the  left,  fell  upon 
those  nearest  him.  Then  all  along  the 


the  break  and  managed  by  hard  fighting 
to  keep  the  assailants  in  check.  Long- 
street  being  determined  to  effectually  turn 
the  Federal  left,  and  Hancock  being  just 
as  determined  not  to  let  him,  the  two  bat 
tled  with  terrible  ferocity  for  nearly  an 
hour.  All  through  the  Wilderness  the 
struggle  went  on  until  'darkness  again  put 
a  stop  to  it. 

That  night  the  field  presented  a  dreary, 
desolate  sight.  The  dead  and  wounded 
lay  everywhere  along  the  low  ridges  and 
slopes  and  in  front  of  the  hastily  thrown  up 
intrenchments.  Grant  spent  the  night  in 
getting  the  troops  into  a  new  and  stronger 
position,  so  as  to  be  ready  for  the  enemy 
if  the  battle  should  be  renewed  in  the 
morning.  But  the  Confederates  did  not 
make  another  attack  the  next  day,  and 
Grant  decided  they  were  preparing  to  re 
treat.  In  order  to  intercept  them  and  cut 
off  Lee's  communications  with  Richmond, 
Grant  ordered  a  rapid  night  march  to 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE   CIVIL   WAR. 


Spottsylvania.     The  advance    started    out 
at  ten  o'clock  that  night. 

Hearing  of  this  movement,  Lee  dis 
patched  Longstreet  to  the  same  place,  and 
a  race  between  the  two  opposing  columns 
took  place.  Longstreet.  knowing  the  coun- 


complete  destruction  of  the  brigade,  one 
regiment,  the  First  Michigan,  losing  three- 
fourths  of  its  number.  The  troops  were 
falling  back  in  wild  disorder  when  Warren 
came  up.  Dashing  forward  on  his  horse, 
he  seized  a  division  flag  and  gallantly  ral- 


line  had  advanced  to  within  three  miles  of 
Spottsylvania  Courthouse. 

On  May  gth  General  Sedgwick,  leader 
of  the  Sixth  Corps,  went  forward  to  super 
intend  the  placing  of  some  batteries.  While 
doing  so  a  bullet  whistled  -past  him.  He 


THE     OLD     FLAG     AGAIN     ON     HUMTEH     RAISED     (ON     A     TEMPORARY     STAFF     FOIttlFD     OF     AN     OAR     AND 

H.    M.    liKAGG,    OF     GENERAL     GILLMORE'S     STAFF,    FEJUiUAKY     J&TH,    1865. 


BOATHOOKj     BY     CAPTAIN 


try  well,    took   the    most   direct   route,   and 
reached  Spottsylvania   first. 

I  pon  the  arrival  of  Warren's  corps, 
which  was  in  the  Federal  advance.  Kart- 
lett's  brigade,  of  Griffin's  division,  was  or- 
(It-red  to  charge  upon  the  place,  as  it  was 
not  known  that  I.ong.street  had  already 
reached  there.  The  result  was  the  almost 


lied  the  men,  and  with  them  he  held  the 
Confederates  in  check  until  the  other  por 
tions  of  his  corps  arrived  Then,  with  the 
assistance  of  the  divisions  of  Crawford 
and  Getty,  an  attack  was  made  upon  the 
Confederates'  position,  and  after  heavy 
loss  the  first  line  of  breastworks  was  car 
ried.  By  the  next  morning  the  Federal  d 


laughed  and  called  out   to  the   nearest  en 
emy  in  sight  :  "  Pooh,  man,  you  can't  hit  an 


elephant  at  that  distance  !"  The  next  mo 
ment  a  bullet  from  a  sharpshooter  hidden 
in  a  near-by  tree  entered  his  brain,  an  i  one 
of  the  best  of  generals  fell  dead. 

Nothing  much  but  sharp  skirmishing  was 
one   by  either  side   that  day.      While  the 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORY  OF    <tjtfE    CIVIL    WAR. 


497 


armies  were  preparing  for  another  battle 
Sheridan  took  his  cavalry  on  a  raid  to  sever 
Lee's  communications  with  Richmond.  He 
managed  to  get  into  the  rear  of  the  Con 
federates,  and  at  once  moved  on,  spreading 
destruction  in  his  path,  tearing  up  rail 
roads,,  etc.,  until  he  reached  the  first  line  of 
works  around  the  capital.  Not  being  able 
to  get  any  further,  he  then  returned. 

The  next  day,  after  pouring  shot  and 
shell  into  the  Confederate  position  from 
daylight  to  about  six  o'clock  in  the  after 
noon,  (  i  rant  ordered  a  grand  assault.  With 
cheers  and  shouts  the  columns  advanced 
through  a  fire  that  swept  their  ranks  at 
every  step.  It  was  a  gallant  charge,  al 
though  useless.  The  fire  was  so  destruc 
tive  that  it  was  soon  found  that  the  works 
could  not  lu-  taken,  and  when  night  fell  the 
Federals  had  suffered  a  fearful  loss  with 
out  having  gained  anything1. 

The  next  morning  Grant,  with 
initiation  to  make  his  campaign 
thoroughly  decisive  at  whatever 
cost,  telegraphed  to  Washington  : 
"I  propose;  to  fight  it  out  on  this 
Line  if  it  takes  all  summer." 

Having  takvn  advantage  of  the 
darkness  and  changed  his  position 
in  the  night,  Hancock  on  the 
morning  of  the  1  2th  was  on  the 
enemy's  right  flank.  About  five 
o'clock  his  troops  suddenly  burst 
upon  an  angle  of  the  Confeder 
ates'  works  held  by  Johnson,  and 
\vithout  firing  a  shot  swept  over 
the  ramparts  and  captured  nearly 
all  ot  Johnson's  division.  Han 
cock  then  drove  the  enemy  before 
him  nearly  a  mile,  where  they  ral 
lied  and  charged  back  upon  him, 
and  a  terrible  tight  ensued.  Other 
corps  were  brought  up  to  the 
slaughter  on  both  sides,  and  the 
struggle,  continued  for  hours. 
Bravely  the  Federals  tried  to  fol 
low  up  the  advantage  the)-  had 
gained,  and  gallantly  the  Confed 
erates  resisted  them  and  attempt 
ed  to  recover  their  ground.  It  was, 
however,  but  a  useless  waste  of  life. 
I  he  positions  were  not  changed 
.it  midnight  when  Lee  withdrew 
behind  a  second  line  of  intrench- 
ments. 

Since  crossing  the  Rapidan  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  lost,  within 
the  brief  space  of  a  fortnight, 
nearly  40,000  men,  killed,  wound 
ed  and  prisoners,  while  Lee's 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia  lost 
about  30,000. 


i  deter-      Passing 


cavalry  to  attempt  the  destruction  of  the 
railroads  south  and  west  from  Petersburg  ; 
but  he  found  that  city  strongly  defended 
by  Beauregard,  who  had  been  summoned 
from  Charleston  to  Richmond.  The  latter 
being  greatly  re-enforced,  now  massed  some 
of  his  troops  in  front  of  Butler's  forces,  and 
on  May  i6th  he  attempted  to  turn  Butler's 
right  flank.  A  sharp  conflict  was  the  re 
sult,  and  Butler's  forces  were  driven  to 
their  intrenchments. 

A  few  days  afterward  Butler  was  re 
quested  to  send  a  large  part  of  his  troops 
to  the  north  side  of  the  James  River  to 
assist  the  army  against  Lee  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Chickahominy.  The  compliance 
with  this  order  deprived  Butler  of  the 
power  to  make  further  offensive  move 
ments. 

General  Kautz  started  out  on  another 
mid  from  Bermuda  Hundred.  May  1 2th. 
Fort  Darling,  on  Drewry's 


near 


CHAPTER    XXIV. 

BUTLEI;  AT  BERMUDA  HUNDRED  —  GENERAL  KAUTZ'S  KAID 
—  BATTLE  OF  COLD  HARBOR  —  GRANT'S  ARMY  BEFORE 
PETERSBURG—  GENERAL  EARLY'S  INVASION  OP  MARY 
LAND  —  A  DESTRUCTIVE  RAID  —  SHERIDAN'S  RIDE. 

JUST  before  the  terrible  battles  of  the 
Wilderness  occurred  Grant  ordered  Gen 
eral  Butler  to  move  his  army  from  Fortress 
Monroe  up  toward  Richmond,  to  co-oper 
ate;  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 

Butler  started,  May  4th,  with  about  25,000 
men,  up  the  James  River  in  armed  trans 
ports.  He  landed  at  City  Point,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Appomattox  River,  fifteen 
miles  below  the  Confederate  capital,  and 
planted  his  army  on  the  narrow  strip  of 
land  known  as  Bermuda  Hundred.  A  line 
of  intrenchmentswasat  once  cast  up  across 
the  peninsula  from  the  Appomattox  to  the 
James. 

While  this  was  being  done  General  A.  V. 
Kautz  went  up  from  Suffolk  with  3,000 


GENERAL     ISAAC     P.    HODMAN. 

Bluff,  he  swept  around  by  Chesterfield 
Courthouse  and  struck  the  Richmond  and 
Danville  Railroad,  eleven  miles  west  of 
the  Confederate  capital.  Then,  striking  it 
at  other  points,  he  went  eastward,  destroy 
ing  the  Southside  Railroad  and  the  Weldon 
Road,  far  toward  North  Carolina,  and  then 
returned  to  City  Point  with  150  prisoners. 
Grant  now  decided  to  move  on  toward 
Richmond.  His  army  started  on  May  2  ist, 
and  reached  the  passage  of  the  North 
Anna  River  on  the  23d.  Here  it  was 
found  that  Lee  had  already  moved  in  that 
direction  and  reached  there  first.  After  a 
severe  battle  Lee  was  dislodged  and  Grant 
pressed  steadily  forward,  and  by  May  28th, 
was  south  of  the  Pamunkey  River.  Lee, 
however,  had  followed,  and  taking  a  shorter 
road,  was  now  in  front,  occupying  a  strong 
pos'tion  on  the  Chickahominy  River,  which 
commanded  a  turnpike  and  two  railroads 
leading  to  Richmond. 


Grant  saw  at  once  that  it  would  be  nec 
essary  to  drive  Lee  from  his  position  before 
he  could  continue  his  march  to  Richmond. 
After  a  reconnoissance  Grant  decided  to 
make  a  flanking  movement  and  cross  the 
Chickahominy  at  Cold  Harbor.  That  place 
was  seized  and  the  army  re-enforced  by  the 
arrival  of  the  troops,  under  General  W.  F. 
Smith,  sent  by  Butler. 

For  three  days,  June  ist,  2d  and  3d,  the 
two  armies  fiercely  struggled  on  the  ground 
where  Lee  and  McClellan  had  fought  two 
years  before.  The  battle  on  the  3d  was 
particularly  sanguinary,  thousands  of  men 
falling  in  the  brief  space  of  twenty  minutes. 
At  its  conclusion  the  Federals  held  the 
ground,  but  they  had  failed  in  their  at 
tempt  to  force  the  Chickahominy.  The 
strength  of  Lee's  position  showed  Grant 
that  Richmond  could  not  be  taken  in  that 
direction.  So.  after  sending  Sheridan  with 
his  cavalry  to  Gordonsville  to  destroy  the 
railroad  between  Richmond  and 
t  h  e  Shenandoah  Valley  and 
Lynchburg,  Grant  decided  to 
transfer  his  army  to  the  south  side 
of  the  James  River,  and  attempt 
the  capture  of  the  Confederate 
capital  in  that  way. 

On  the  night  of  June  I2th  the 
army  silently  withdrew,  and  cross 
ing  the  Chickahominy  at  Long- 
Bridge,  was  well  on  its  way  be 
fore  Lee  knew  of  its  departure. 
It  moved  below  White  Oak 
Swamp  and  on  through  Charles 
City  Courthouse  to  the  James, 
which  it  rrossed  in  boat.,  and  on 
pontoon  bridges.  Grant  hurried 
on  to  Burmuda  Hundred  while 
the  crossing  was  being  made  and 
ordered  Butler  to  send  a  portion 
»  of  his  troops  to  attempt  the  capt 

ure  of  Petersburg  before  Lee 
could  re-enforce  Beauregard.  But 
this  was  unsuccessful,  and  on  the 
evening  of  June  i6th  the  Army 
of  tlie  Potomac  took  up  a  posi 
tion  near  a  strong  line  of  intrench 
ments  that  Beauregard  had  cast 
up  around  the;  city. 

At  this  time  a  formidable  raid 
was  made  by  General  Early,  with 
about  15,000  Confederate  troops, 
for  the  purpose  of  drawing  a  large 
force  away  from  Grant.  He  hur 
ried  down  the  Shenandoah  Valley, 
and  crossing  the  Potomac  at  Will- 
iamsport,  moved  through  Mary 
land  to  Hagerstown  and  Freder 
ick.  Near  the  latter  place,  on 
the  Monocacy  River,  he  was  con 
fronted  by  a  few  troops  which 
General  Lewis  Wallace,  then  in  command 
of  the  Middle  Department,  had  hastily 
collected  at  Baltimore,  and  a  portion  of 
Ricketts's  division  from  the  advance  of 
the  Sixth  Corps,  which  Grant  had  dis 
patched  to  the  protection  of  Washington. 
For  eight  hours,  on  July  gth,  this  little 
band  battled  with  Early's  large  force, 
and  although  it  was  defeated  with  heavy 
loss,  its  gallant  stand  saved  the  national 
capital,  as  it  allowed  time  for  the  Sixth 
and  Nineteenth  Corps  to  reach  the  city 
and  secure  it.  Early,  learning  of  this 
on  his  way  to  Washington,  rapidly  crossed 
the  Potomac  with  his  spoils.  General 
Wright,  who  took  Sedgwick's  place  in  the 
Sixth  Corps,  pursued  him  to  the  Shenan 
doah  Valley  through  Snicker's  Gap,  when, 
after  a  battle,  in  which  the  invaders  were 
driven  up  the  valley,  Wright  returned  to 
Washington. 

Early          ay^ed  in  the  valley  for  some 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF   THE   CIVIL   WAR. 


time.     After  a  contest  with  General  Aver-  burg.     He  succeeded  in  undermining  one 

ill  near  Winchester,  on  July  2Oth,  in  which  of  the  principal  forts,  and  on  the  morning 

Early's  troops  were  defeated,  and  a  battle  of  July  3Oth  the  whole  fort,  with  300  men,          Sherman    n 

with   General    Crook,   in   which  the  latter  was  blown  high  into  the  air.   Then  a  heavy     Confederates 


was  forced  back  toward  the  Potomac,  Early 
sent  a  cavalry  force  of  3,000  men,  under 
Generals  McCausland,  Bradley  and  John 
son,  on  a  plundering  tour  in  Maryland  and 
Pennsylvania.  They 


reached    Chambers- 


burg 


cannonade  was  opened  upon  the  remain 
der  of  the  works  with  great  effect.  But  the 
assault  was  a  failure,  owing  to  slowness  of 
motion  of  some  of  the  assailants. 

Soon  after  this  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
was  massed  on  the  right  of  the  Confeder 
ates,  south  of  the  James,  and  made  an  at 
tack  upon  Lee's  works  on  Hatcher's  Run. 
But  after  a  severe  contest  they  were  re 
pulsed,  and  rn  October  2gth  withdrew  to 
their  intrenchments  in  front  of  Petersburg. 
Very  little  of  importance  was  done  after 
that  by  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  until  the 
opening  of  the  campaign  of  1865. 

CHAPTER  XXV. 

SHERMAN  MOVES  TOWARD  ATLANTA — CAITUMO  OF  ALLA- 
TOONA  PASS —  DEATH  OF  BISHOP  POLK — JOHNSTON 
SUCCEEDED  UY  GENERAL  J.  B.  HOOD — DEATH  OF  GEN 
ERAL  JAMES  B.  McPiiERsoN — ATLANTA  TAKEN — SHER- 
MAN'S  MARCH  TO  THE  SEA — DESTRUCTION  OF  THE 

"AlBEMABLE. " 

GKXKRAL  SHKRMAX  started  on  his  cam 
paign  against  Atlanta  on  May  6th,  1864. 


Pa.,  on  July  3Oth,  and  after  demand- 
ing'a  tribute  of  $200,000  in  gold  to  insure 
the  town  against  destruction,  which  they 
did  not  receive,  two-thirds  of  the  village 
was  laid  in  ashes.  General  Averili,  who 
was  ten  miles  away,  heard  of  this,  and  at 
once  moved  against  the  raiders,  driving 
them  back  into  Virginia.  To  prevent  a 
repetition  of  this  raid  the  Sixth  Corps,  un 
der  General  Wright,  and  the  Nineteenth, 
under  General  Emory,  were  sent  into  the 
Shenandoah  Valley,  and  the  chief  com 
mand  of  all  the  Federal  forces  there  was 
given  to  General  Sheridan,  early  in  Au 
gust. 

Sheridan  immediately  took  measures  to 
drive  Early  from  the  valley.  He  attacked 
and  defeated  him  at  Winchester,  Septem 
ber  igth,  and  fol 
lowed  h  i  m  to  a 
strong  position  on 
Fisher's  Hill,  near 
Strasburg,  f  r  o  m 
which  the  Confed 
erates  were  driven 
on  the  22cl  an  d 
chased  to  Port  Re 
public.  From  there 
the  Federal  caval 
ry  followed  Early 
to  Staunton  and 
compelled  him  to 
take  refuge  in  the 
ranges  of  the  Blue 
Ridge.  The  Fed 
erals  then  fell  back 
b  e  h  i  n  d  C  edar 
Creek,  and  Sheri 
dan  went  to  Wash 
ington  on  the  sup 
position  that  the 
valley  would  not  be 
troubled  again  by 
the  Confederates. 
But  Early,  being 
re-enforced,  c  a  m  e 
back  a  month  later 

and  attacked  General  Wright  at  Cedar 
Creek  so  fiercely  that  he  was  compelled 
to  fall  back  to  Middletown  and  beyond. 

General  Sheridan  was  at  Winchester 
when  the  attack  began,  and  hearing  the 
sound  of  the  guns,  sprang  upon  his  black 
charger  and  clashed  toward  Cedar  Creek. 
Meeting  on  the  way  portions  of  his  army 
in  confused  retreat,  he  galloped  up  to  them, 
and  waving  his  hat  shouted  :  "  Face  the 
other  way,  boys — face  the  other  way  !  We 
are  going  back  to  our  camp  to  lick  them 
out  of  their  boots  !"  Instantly  the  tide  was 
turned,  and  following  their  commander,  the 
troops  hurriedly  retraced  their  steps  toward 
the  lost  battle  ground.  Regiments  were  at 
once  re-formed,  and  cheered  and  encour 
aged  by  Sheridan,  the  men  charged  to  vic 
tory  and  drove  the  Confederates  in  flight 
up  the  valley  to  Fisher's  Hill.  Early's 
force  was  almost  annihilated  and  an  end 
put  to  hostilities  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley. 

While  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  lay  near 
Petersburg  Lee  withdrew  a  large  force  from 

that  city  to  defend  Richmond  from  troops  after  a  sharp  fight  on  May  I5th,  and  being 
sent  by  Butler  over  a  pontoon  bridge  across  pursued  by  Thomas,  McPherson  and  Scho- 
the  James  River.  Grant  took  advantage  field,  he  fled  through  to  Allatoona  Pass, 
of  this,  and  made  several  attempts  to  pene-  where  he  took  up  a  position  on  the  other 
trate  the  Confederate  lines  before  Peters  side  of  the  Etowah  River.  The  opposing 


THE     INVASION     OF 


MARYLAND     GENERAL     MEADE'S 
IN     PURSUIT     OF     LEE,    JULY 


ARMY     CROSSING 
1'2-rn,    1863. 


of  about    100,000  men,  dis- 
Army  of  the   Cumberland, 


He  had  a  force 
tributed  in   the 

led  by  General  G.  H.  Thomas  ;  the  Army 
of  the  Tennessee,  led  by  General  J.  B.  Mc- 
Pherson,  and  the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  com 
manded  by  General  J.  M.  Schofield.  Mov- 


armies  then  rested  for  a  short  time  on  op 
posite  banks  of  the  stream. 

now  attempted  to  flank  the 
out  of  their  strong  position 
by  concentrating  his  forces  west  of  them, 
at  Dallas.  This  movement  led  to  a  battle 
near  that  place.  Neither  side  gained  a 
victory,  and  when  darkness  stoj  <>ed  the 
fight  Johnston  strongly  intrenched 'iii-nself 
through  a  broken,  wooded  country  fro.^ 
Dallas  to  Marietta.  After  much  severe- 
fighting  between  these  two  towns  Johnston 
was  compelled  to  leave  Allatoona  Pass, 
June  1st,  1864.  Sherman  then  took  pos 
session  of  the  position,  garrisoned  it,  and 
rebuilt  the  bridges  that  Johnston  had 
burned  during  his  flight.  The  gaps  made 
in  Sherman's  ranks  by  the  losses  in  the 
numerous  engagements  were  here  filled  up 
by  the  arrival,  on  the  8th,  of  tioops  under 
General  Frank  Blair. 

Sherman  then  pushed  on  with  his  strength 
ened  army,  and  although  Johnston  con 
tested  his  onward  march  at  every  point  at 
which  he  could  make  a  stand,  the  Confed 
erates  were  driven,  after  a  month  of  desper 
ate  fighting,  from  the  Kenesaw  Mountains, 

and  from  Lost  and 
Pine  Mountains, 
down  toward  the 
Chattahoochee 
River,  in  the  direc 
tion  of  Atlanta.  In 
these  struggles  the 
Confederates  lost 
heavily  ;  a  m  o  n  g 
the  killed  on  Pine 
Mountain  b  e  i  ng 
Bishop  Polk,  one 
of  their  corps  com 
manders. 

When  Johnston 
reached  the  Chat 
tahoochee  S  h  e  r  - 
man  rode  into  Ma 
rietta,  and  at  once 
planned  to  strike  a 
severe  blow  on  his 
antagonist  while  he 
was  crossing  that 
river.  But  John 
ston  was  too  quick 
and  skillful  to  al 
low  this,  and  he 
safely  passed  the 
stream  and  made 
a  stand  along  the  line  of  it.  He  was  soon 
forced  from  this  position  and  retreated  to 
a  new  line  that  covered  Atlanta,  his  left 
resting  on  the  Chattahoochee  and  his 
right  on  Peachtree  Creek.  While  there, 


THE     ANTIETAM 


& 

on 


July   loth,  Johnston  was  succeeded  by 


ing  southward  from  Chattanooga,  Sherman     General  J.  B.  Hood,  of  Texas. 


O  _ 

came  upon  a  Confederate  force  of  55,000 
strongly  posted  at  Dalton,  lying  at  the 
junction  of  the  roads  leading  into  East  and 
West  Tennessee.  This  force  was  com 
manded  by  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston, 
and  was  arranged  in  three  corps,  under 
Generals  Hardee,  Hood  and  Polk.  As 
the  position  of  this  force  was  too  strong  to 
warrant  an  attack  in  front,  Sherman  men 
aced  its  flanks  by  seeking  a  passage  through 
Snake  Hill  Gap,  on  the  left.  This  was 
successful,  and  the  Confederates  retreated 
to  a  point  near  Resaca  Station,  at  the 
Oostenaula  River,  on  the  line  of  the 
railroad  between  Chattanooga  and  At 
lanta. 

Johnston    was    driven    across    the 


river 


After  a  short  rest  the  Federals,  toward 
the  end  of  July,  began  advancing  again, 
and  after  detroying  railroads  and  taking 
part  in  some  heavy  skirmishes,  they  were 
attacked  by  the  Confederates  on  the  2oth. 
Hood  himself  led  the  attack,  which  was 
particularly  directed  against  the  corps  of 
Howard,  Hooker  and  Palmer.  The  battle 
was  a  fierce  one  and  both  sides  suffered 
greatly,  but  the  assailants  were  repulsed. 

Sherman  then  moved  rapidly  toward 
Atlanta.  On  the  way  he  encountered  some 
strong  intrenchments,  and  while  attacking 
a  part  of  Hood's  army  behind  them  he 
was  struck  a  severe  blow  in  the  rear  by  the 
main  body  of  that  army  led  by  General 
Hardee,  who  had,  by  a  long  night  march, 
passed  around  him.  The  blow  was  a  crush 
ing  one,  but  after  a  most  sanguinary  battle, 
lasting  many  hours,  the  Federals  were  vic 
torious  and  succeeded  in  driving  the  Con 
federates  back  to  their  works.  While  re- 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORY 


CIVIL    WAR. 


499 


connoitring  in  a  wood  that  day  (July  22d), 
General  McPherson  was  shot  dead  by  a 
Confederate  sharpshooter.  He  was  suc 
ceeded  in  the  command  of  the  Army  of  the 
Tennessee  by  General  Logan. 

A  few  days  later,  July  28th,  the  Confed 
erates  again  made  a  fierce  attack,  and  were 
again  sent  back  to  their  lines  after  a  heavy 
loss.  This  put  a  stop  to  active  hostilities 
for  a  few  weeks.  Then  on  August  3ist 
the  decisive  battle  that  gave  the  Federals 
possession  of  Atlanta  was  fought.  The 
forces  of  Howard  and  Hardee  met  on  that 
clay  at  Jonesborough,  twenty  miles  below 
the  city,  when,  the  Confederates  being  de 
feated,  Hood  blew  up  his  magazine  at 
Atlanta,  and  forming  a  junction  with  Har 
dee,  recrossed  the  Chattahoochee  with  his 
whole  army.  Sherman  then  entered  Atlanta 
on  September  2d. 

The  two  armies  now  rested  for  a  time, 
with  only  the  river  between  them,  and  most 

J 

of  September  was  given  up  to  reorganiza 
tion  on  both  sides.  Then,  hearing  that 
Hood  contemplated  the  seizure  of  Tennes- 


tion  by  Hardee  of  Savannah,  which  Sher 
man  entered  the  next  day. 

Early  in  1864  General  Truman  Seymour 
was  sent  by  General  Gillmore  to  assist  the 
citizens  of  Florida  in  driving  out  the  Con 
federate  troops  under  General  Finnegan, 
so  that  that  State  might  re-enter  the  Union. 
Seymour  went  up  the  St.  John's  River  with 
6,000  men  and  drove  Finnegan  from  Jack 
sonville  into  the  interior.  After  a  hot  pur 
suit  Seymour  came  upon  the  Confederates 
strongly  posted  in  the  heart  of  a  cypress 
swamp  at  Olustee  Station.  He  made  an 
attack,  February  2Oth,  but  was  defeated, 
and  fell  back  to  Jacksonville  after  destroy 
ing  the  enemy's  stores  to  the  value  of 
$1,000,000. 

On  April  1 7th  General  Hoke,  assisted 
by  the  Confederate  ram  Albcmarlc,  made 
a  successful  assault  upon  Plymouth,  on  the 
North  Carolina  coast,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Roanoke  River,  then  held  by  General 
Wessels  with  1,600  troops.  The  Albcmarlc 
was  a  powerful  vessel,  and  for  several 
months  kept  that  part  of  the  coast  free  from 


nessee.  Late  in  October  he  crossed  the 
Tennessee  River  near  Florence,  and  pushed 
vigorously  on  toward  Nashville  with  50,000 
troops.  At  Franklin  he  came  to  the  in- 
trenchments  of  General  Schofield,  who  was 
trying  to  impede  the  invaders  so  that  he 
could  get  himself  and  train  to  Nashville 
before  they  did.  Hood  reached  Franklin 
on  the  afternoon  of  November  3Oth,  and 
at  once  charged  on  Schofield  so  desper 
ately  that  his  troops  were  driven  from  their 
works.  But  they  quickly  rallied,  and  by  a 
gallant  dash  recovered  their  lost  ground 
and  captured  300  prisoners.  Schofield  then 
went  on  to  Nashville,  quickly  followed  by 
Hood,  who  took  up  a  position  in  front  of 
that  city  early  in  December. 

General  Thomas  was  then  in  charge  of 
the  Federal  troops  in  Nashville.  On  De 
cember  1 5th  he  sent  out  General  T.  J. 
Wood,  with  the  Fourth  Corps,  to  drive  the 
Confederates  away.  Wood  made  a  vig 
orous  attack,  and  soon  compelled  Hood  to 
retreat  to  the  foot  of  the  Harpeth  Hills. 
There  he  was  again  assailed  by  the  same 


==^aj&gB5TT3pie: 

SHEKIDAN'S     CAMPAIGN     IN     THE     VALLEY     OF     THE     SHENANDOAH— BATTLE     OF     SUMMIT     POINT,    SUNDAY.    AUGUST     21  ST,    1864. 


see,  Sherman  sent  Thomas  to  Nashville  to 
organize  and  concentrate  a  new  force  of 
troops  there.  Hood  in  the  meantime  de 
scended  upon  Allatoona  Pass  and  at 
tempted  to  capture  the  stores.  He  failed, 
and  Sherman  pursued  him  into  Northern 
Alabama. 

Sherman  now  planned  his  march  from 
Atlanta  to  the  sea.  He  turned  over  the 
command  of  a  large  portion  of  his  troops 
to  General  Thomas,  and  then  started  out 
on  the  morning  of  November  i4th.  Gen 
eral  Kilpatrick,  with  5,000  cavalry,  led  the 
way,  followed  by  Sherman  and  65,000  men, 
arranged  in  two  columns,  commanded  re 
spectively  by  Generals  Howard  and  Slo- 
cum.  They  marched  for  more  than  a 
month  through  the  heart  of  Georgia,  living 
entirely  upon  what  they  picked  up  on  the 
way.  Moving  as  they  did  in  two  columns, 
with  wings  extending  sixty  miles,  the  Con 
federates  were  bewildered,  and  offered  but 
very  little  opposition.  Upon  reaching  the 
Ogeechee  River  Sherman  attacked  and 
captured  Fort  McAllister,  and  a  week  later 
(December  2Oth)  he  compelled  the  evacua- 


Federal  gunboats.  Its  destruction,  accord 
ingly,  was  very  much  desired  by  the  Na 
tional  authorities,  and  this  was  accom 
plished  with  great  skill  and  bravery  by 
Lieutenant  Cushing.  He,  with  thirteen 
men,  on  the  night  of  October  27th,  took  a 
torpedo  up  into  Plymouth  harbor,  and 
reaching  the  anchorage  of  the  ram,  suc 
ceeded  in  thrusting  it  under  her  hull  and 
blowing  her  up  with  fatal  effect.  All  the 
time  during  the  placing  of  the  torpedo, 
after  they  had  reached  within  twenty  yards 
of  the  ram,  the  brave  men  on  the  launch 
were  subjected  to  a  terrific  hail  of  bullets 
fired  from  the  shore  by  the  alarmed  Con 
federates,  who,  although  they  could  see 
nothing  in  the  darkness,  heard  the  move 
ments  of  their  foe  and  directed  their  shots 
in  the  direction  of  the  sound.  Cushing  and 
one  of  his  men,  after  the  work  was  done, 
escaped  to  a  cutter  that  accompanied  the 
torpedo  boat,  while  the  others  of  the,  Pear- 
less  band  were  killed. 

General  Hood,  after  his  unsuccessful 
attempt  to  seize  the  stores  at  Allatoona 
Pass,  prepared  for  his  invasion  of  Ten- 


corps  and  other  troops  the  following  day. 
The  result  was  that  the  Confederates  were 
sent  flying  southward  in  great  confusion. 
They  were  closely  pursued,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  month  Hood,  with  the  remnants  of  his 
army,  escaped  across  the  Tennessee.  Dur 
ing  Thomas's  four  months'  stay  in  Tennessee 
he  captured  11,500  prisoners  and  72  pieces 
of  artillery,  and  inflicted  a  loss  to  the  Con 
federates  of  more  than  20,000  men.  His 
own  loss  was  about  10,000. 

CHAPTER    XXVI. 

THE  "  KEABSAKGE  "  AND  THE  "ALABAMA  "—CAPTURE  OF 
FOBTS  MORGAN  AND  GAINES— ADMIRAL  FARRAGI'T's 
BRAVERY — CHARLESTON  TAKEN—  BATTLE  AT  BENTOX- 
VTLLE — FALL  OF  MOBILE — STONEMAN'S  BAID. 

CONFEDERATE  cruisers  made  great  havoc 
among  the  merchant  ships  of  the  United 
States  during  the  war,  especially  in  the 
first  two  years.  At  the  beginning  of  1864 
they  had  captured  193  vessels,  whose  ag 
gregate  cargoes  were  valued  at  $13,400,000. 
The  most  formidable  of  these  plunderers 
was  the  Alabama,  which  was  built,  armed, 
manned  and  provisioned  in  England.  She 


500 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL   WAR. 


was  undei  command  of  Captain  Raphael 
Semmes,  of  Maryland.  For  two  years  she 
sailed  along  the  paths  of  American  mer 
chantmen  on  the  Atlantic,  plundering  and 
burning  them,  and  always  eluding  the  gov 
ernment  vessels  sent  out  in  search  of  her. 

At  length  Captain  John  A.  Winslow,  of 
the  Kearsargc,  who  had  sought  her  high 
and  low,  heard  that  the  Alabama  had  put 
into  the  port  of  Cherbourg,  France.  He 
immediately  took  his  vessel  to  that  place 
and  lying  off  outside  the  harbor,  awaited 
her  reappearance  on  the  ocean.  When  she 
came  out  the  Kearsargc  moved  beyond 
the  jurisdiction  of  France,  and  then  gave 
lattle.  The  two  vessels  fought  desper 
ately  for  an  hour,  pouring  broadside  after 
oroadside  into  each  other.  Then  the 
Alabama  began  to  sink,  and  in  twenty  min 
utes  went  to  the  bottom.  Semmes  and  his 
officers  and  some  of  his  crew  were  picked 
tip  by  an  English  yacht,  which  had  hovered 
near  to  be  ready  in  case  of  such  an  emer 
gency,  and  taken  in  safety  to  Fngland, 
where  Semmes  was  feted  and  presented 
with  a  sword  as  a  token  of  sympathy  and 
esteem. 

Winslow's  victory  stirred   up  the  author- 


gan  was  captured,  and  the  port  of  Mobile 
effectually  closed. 

The  closing  of  the  port  of  Wilmington 
was  not  attempted  until  December,  1864. 
Then  an  expedition  was  sent  against  Fort 
Fisher.  It  was  composed  of  Admiral 
Porter's  fleet,  and  land  troops  from  Butler's 
department,  under  General  Godfrey  Weit- 
zel.  The  expedition  was  a  failure,  and 
another  attempt  was  made  the  following 
February  with  the  same  fleet,  and  land 
troops  led  by  General  A.  H.  Terry.  This 
was  a  complete  success,  the  fort  was  sur 
rendered  on  the  1 5th,  and  the  Federal 
army  entered  Wilmington  on  the  22d. 

About  a  month  after  the  capture  of 
Savannah  Sherman  started  on  a  rapid 
march  through  South  Carolina,  and  pressed 
on  almost  unopposed  until  he  reached  Co 
lumbia,  the  capital  of  the  State,  which  hi; 
captured,  February  i  7th,  1865.  Upon  learn 
ing  of  this  Hardeeat  once  left  Charleston, 
to  which  he  had  retreated  after  his  evacua 
tion  of  Savannah,  and  (led  into  North 
Carolina  to  join  the  forces  of  General 
Johnston.  Sherman's  forces  then  took  pos 
session  of  Charleston,  and  a  few  weeks 
afterward  Major  Anderson  celebrated  the 


Point,  on  the  James  River,  to  consult  the 
President  and  General  Grant  in  regard  to 
future  operations. 

The  port  of  Mobile  having  been  closed, 
plans  were  laid  in  March,  1865,  for  the 
capture  of  that  city  and  the  rest  of  Ala 
bama.  General  Canby,  who  commanded 
the  Department  of  the  Gulf,  started  out 
against  Mobile  with  25,000  troops,  at  the 
same  time  that  Thomas  sent  from  his  army 
13,000  horsemen  and  about  2,000  foot  sol 
diers,  under  General  Wilson,  to  co-operate 
with  him.  While  Canby  was  attempting 
the  reduction  of  Mobile,  Wilson  swept  down 
from  the  Tennessee  and  raided  650  miles 
through  Alabama  and  Georgia,  capturing 
cities  and  towns  and  destroying  an  im 
mense  amount  of  public  property.  He  also 
succeeded  in  keeping  Forrest's  cavalry 
from  assisting  the  besieged  Confederates 
at  Mobile.  Canby  managed  to  capture  the 
city  on  April  iith,  when  General  Maury, 
in  command  there,  fled  up  the  Alabama 
River  with  9,000  troops.  With  the  city 
were  surrendered  5,000  prisoners  and  150 
cannon.  The  war  in  the  Gulf  region  was 
now  at  an  end. 

Although   the  Armies  of    the    Potomac 


SHEKIDAN'S    CAMPAIGN     IX     THE     VALLEY     OF     THE     SHENANDOAH— FIGHT     OF     PUFFIE'S     CAVALRY,    NEAR    HUNTER'S     HOUSE, 

CHARLESTOWN,    VA.— COVERING     THE     RETREAT     OF     THE     FEDERAL     FORCES. 


ities  of  the  National  Government  to  a  de 
termination  to  close  the  two  ports  then 
open  for  blockade  runners — Wilmington 
and  Mobile.  To  close  the  latter  port 
General  Canby  sent  a  force  of  5,000  troops, 
under  General  Gordon  Granger,  from  New 
Orleans  to  co-operate  with  Admiral  Far- 
ragut's  fleet  of  18  vessels,  which  appeared 
off  the  entrance  to  Mobile  on  August  5th. 
These  vessels,  four  of  which  were  iron 
clads,  then  sailed  in  between  Fort  Morgan 
and  Fort  Gaines  amid  the  terrific  fire  from 
their  great  guns.  Farragut  gave  his  or 
ders  through  a  tube  from  the  maintop  of 
his  flagship  (the  Hartford),  where  he  was 
lashed  to  the  rigging  to  keep  him  from  be 
ing  dislodged  by  the  shock  of  battle.  He 
remained  in  that  perilous  position  during 
the  entire  voyage  past  the  forts.  He  made 
the  passage  safely,  although  one  of  his 
gunboats,  the  Tccumseh,  was  destroyed  by 
a  torpedo.  He  was  then  attacked  by  a 
fleet  of  Confederate  gunboats,  but  after  a 
severe  fight  they  were  defeated. 

A  simultaneous  assault  was  now  made 
by  Farragut  and  Granger  on  Fort  Gaines, 
and  it  was  surrendered,  August  7th.  A 
little  more  than  two  weeks  later  Fort  Mor- 


anniversary  of  his  evacuation  of  Fort  Sum- 
ter  four  years  before  by  raising  over  the 
ruins  of  that  fortress  the  same  flag  which 
he  had  been  compelled  to  haul  down  then, 
and  which  he  had  carried  away  with  him. 

Sherman  soon  passed  on  into  North 
Carolina,  reaching  Fayetteville,  March  12th. 
There  he  rested  until  the  I5th,  when  he 
moved  eastward  toward  Goldsborough. 
On  the  way  he  met  a  force  of  20,000  Con 
federates,  under  General  Hardee,  at  Averys- 
borough.  Defeating  them,  he  continued 
his  march.  Two  days  afterward  (March 
1 8th),  when  near  Bentonville,  he  was  sur 
prised  by  the  whole  of  Johnston's  army, 
which  suddenly  attacked  a  part  of  his  force 
under  General  Slocum.  There  was  a  terri 
ble  battle.  Six  times  did  the  combined 
forces  of  Hoke,  Hardee  and  Cheatham  fall 
fiercely  upon  the  Federals,  and  nothing  but 
the  most  desperate  efforts  saved  Sherman's 
army  from  destruction.  His  troops  made 
a  brave  stand,  and  at  length  succeeded  in 
gaining  the  victory,  the  Confederates  re 
treating  to  Raleigh,  the  capital  of  North 
Carolina.  Sherman  now  went  on  to  Golds- 
borough,  where  he  was  joined  by  Schofield 
and  Terry,  after  which  he  hastened  to  City 


and  of  the  James  remained  in  comparative 
quiet  in  front  of  Petersburg  and  Richmond 
through  the  winter  of  i864-'65,  they  effect 
ually  prevented  by  their  position  a  junction 
of  the  two  forces  of  Lee  and  Johnston. 
Grant  at  length  determined  to  make  a  gen 
eral  and  vigorous  movement  against  the 
Confederate  capital.  Late  in  February  he 
ordered  General  Sheridan,  then  in  the 
Shenandoah  Valley,  to  move  up  and  de 
stroy  all  communications  with  Richmond 
north  of  the  James  River,  and,  if  possible, 
capture  Lynchburg,  where  a  large  number 
of  Confederate  supplies  were  stored. 

With  Generals  Merritt  and  Custer  and 
10,000  men,  horse  and  foot,  Sheridan  left 
Winchester  on  the  27th,  and  going  up  the 
valley,  met  Early's  forces  at  Waynesbor- 
ough.  After  a  battle  there  he  scattered 
his  enemies,  and  then  crossed  the  Blue 
Ridge  and  destroyed  the  railroad  as  far  as 
Charlottesvillc.  Finding  Lynchburg  too 
strong  for  him,  he  divided  his  force,  one 
party  going  to  break  up  the  railroad  to 
ward  that  city,  and  the  other  to  disable  the 
James  River  Canal,  by  which  the  Confed 
erate  capital  received  a  large  portion  of 
its  supplies.  Sheridan  then  rejoiced  the 


FRANK   LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORY  Ofy  THE   LIV/L    WAR. 


Army  of  the  Potomac  by  passing  around 
Lee's  left. 

Lee  now  saw  that  it  was  absolutely  nec 
essary  for  him  to  form  a  junction  with 
Johnston  in  North  Carolina  if  he  wished  to 
save  his  army;  and  so,  concentrating  his 
forces  near  Grant's  centre,  in  front  of 
Petersburg,  he,  on  March  25th,  made  a 
fierce  assault  on  Fort  Steaclman,  hoping  by 
the  capture  of  that  point  in  the  Federal 
lines  to  be  able  to  break  through.  But  he 
was  unsuccessful,  Grant  being  prepared  for 
him  and  defeating  him  with  heavy  loss. 

Early  in  February  General  Stoneman 
was  ordered  to  take  his  cavalry  on  a  raid 
into  South  Carolina  for  the  purpose  of  as 
sisting  Sherman  ;  but  finding  the  latter  in 
no  need  of  help,  Stoneman  moved  eastward 
and  destroyed  the  Virginia  and  Tennessee 
Railroad  for  some  distance  toward  Lynch- 
burg,  after  which  he  turned  southward  and 


fast  being  hemmed  in.  Many  efforts  had 
been  made  to  bring  about  peace  without 
the  conquering  of  the  armies  of  the  Con 
federacy,  but  they  had  failed.  President 
Lincoln  would  listen  to  no  conditions  ex 
cept  absolute  submission,  everywhere  within 
the  bounds  of  the  republic,  to  the  National 
authority,  and  the  entire  abolition  of 
slavery.  When  Jefferson  Davis,  in  answer 
to  an  appeal  from  Francis  P.  Blair,  of 
Maryland,  near  the  close  of  the  year  1864, 
said  that  he  would  be  willing  to  "  enter 
into  a  conference  with  a  view  to  secure 
peace  to  the  two  countries"  President  Lin 
coln  expressed  his  willingness  to  confer  if 
it  was  with  a  view  "to  secure  peace  for  the 
people  of  our  common  country."  Although 
Davis  did  not  like  the  latter  expression,  he 
appointed  as  commissioners  Alexander  H. 
Stephens,  John  A.  Campbell  and  R.  M.  T. 
Hunter.  The  conference  was  fruitless,  as 


die  advance,  fell  back  in  confusion  on 
Crawford's  troops,  which  in  turn  were 
driven  back  on  to  the  division  under 
Griffin.  There  the  enemy's  onslaught  was 
checked,  and  a  division  of  the  Second 
Corps  being  sent  to  Warren's  support,  he 
at  once  re-formed  his  ranks,  and  with  a  sud 
den  dash  regained  the  lost  ground  and 
captured  the  White  Oak  Road.  Sheridan 
also  was  driven  from  Five  Forks  for  a  time, 
but  with  the  aid  of  the  Fifth  Corps  again 
advanced  to  that  place,  where,  on  April  ist, 
a  sanguinary  battle  was  fought.  The  Con 
federates  were  driven  from  their  strong 
line  of  works  and  completely  routed  ;  the 
Hfth  Corps  doubling  up  their  left  flank  in 
confusion,  and  the  cavalry  of  General 
Merritt  dashing  on  to  the  White  Oak  Road, 
capturing  their  artillery  and  turning  it  upo'n 
them.  They  soon  took  to  flight  in  disor 
der,  leaving  behind  them  about  5,000  of 


• 


THE  WAR  ON  THE  UPPER  POTOMAC -WILSON'S  CAVALRY  FORAGING  AT  THE  SELDEN  ESTATE,  CLARKE  COUNTY,  VA. 


struck  the  railroad  between  Danville  and 
Greensborough.  Some  of  his  troops  went 
as  far  as  Salisbury,  in  the  hope  of  releasing 
a  large  number  of  Union  soldiers  impris 
oned  there.  But  the  prisoners  were  re 
moved  before  Stoneman's  men  arrived, 
and  although  the  raiders  destroyed  a  vast 
amount  of  public  property  they  did  not  ac 
complish  their  object.  Then,  while  Stone 
man  and  his  main  body  pushed  into  East 
Tennessee,  a  part  of  his  force,  on  April 
i gth,  destroyed  the  magnificent  bridge  of 
the  South  Carolina  Railroad  which  ex 
tended  1,100  feet  across  the  Catawba 
Rivet.  This  raid  resulted  in  the  capture 
of  6,000  prisoners,  31  pieces  of  artillery 
and  a  large  number  of-small  arms. 

CHAPTER    XXVII. 

EFFORTS  ro  SECURE  PEACE — DAVIS'S  DECLARATION — BAT 
TLE  OF  FIVE  FORKS — FALL  OF  PETERSBUEG — RICH 
MOND  CAPTURED — CORRESPONDENCE  BETWEEN  GRANT 
AND  LEE — SURRENDER  OF  LEE'S  ARMY — TERMS  OF 
SURRENDER. 

THE  Civil  War  was  now  coming  to  an 
«n<S.     The  enemies  of   the   republic  were 


Lincoln  would  not  recede  from  the  position 
he  had  taken. 

Indignant  at  this  result,  Davis  declared 
at  a  public  meeting  held  at  Richmond, 
February  5th,  that  "  sooner  than  we  should 
be  united  again  I  would  be  willing  to  yield 
up  everything  I  have  on  earth,  and,  if  it 
were  possible,  would  sacrifice  my  life  a 
thousand  times  before  I  wrould  succumb." 
Then  a  few  days  later  at  another  meeting 
it  was  resolved  that  the  Confederates 
would  never  lay  down  their  arms  until  their 
independence  was  won. 

Upon  Sheridan's  return  from  his  great 
raid  at  the  close  of  March,  Grant  started 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  on  a  grand  move 
ment  against  the  Confederate  right.  On 
the  morning  of  March  3ist,  Sheridan,  with 
his  cavalry  and  a  corps  of  infantry,  moved 
forward  and  took  possession  of  Five  Forks, 
while  Warren  advanced  toward  the  White 
Oak  Road.  The  latter  drove  the  Confed 
erates  before  him  for  a  short  distance,  but 
they  quickly  rallied,  and  attacked  him  so 
vigorously  that  Ayres's  division,  which  had 


their  troops  as  prisoners  of  war.  The  fu 
gitives  were  pursued  westward  about  six 
miles  by  the  cavalry  of  Merritt  and  Mc- 
Kenzie. 

Grant  heard  of  this  victory  in  his  posi 
tion  before  Petersburg,  and  at  once  or 
dered  a  bombardment  along  his  whole  line 
against  the  city,  to  be  kept  up  all  night. 

At  dawn  the  next  morning  the  works  of 
the  enemy  were  vigorously  attacked.  Wright 
with  his  corps  managed  to  break  through 
the  lines,  and,  pushing  on,  drove  the  Con 
federates  before  him,  captured  a  large 
number  of  guns  and  several  thousand 
prisoners,  and  effectually  crushed  Lee's 
right.  Parke  with  the  Ninth  Corps  had 
meanwhile  carried  the  main  line  in  the 
enemy's  front,  but  was  checked  at  the  sec 
ond  line ;  while  a  part  of  Gibbon's  corps 
by  a  gallant  charge  captured  two  strong 
works  south  of  Petersburg.  The  battle 
now  raged  furiously  from  right  to  left,  the 
Confederates  bravely  fighting  to  hold  their 
intrenchments.  Especially  determined  were 
they  to  retain  possession  of  Fort  Mahone, 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF   THE   CIVIL   WAR. 


which  was  defended  by  Hill's  corps.  In 
tin:  pliant  stand  he.  made  there  Hill  was 
killed.  Sheridan  no\v  came  up  rapidly 
from  the  west,  and  sweeping  down  upon 
the  Confederates'  flank  and  rear,  forced 
them  to  give  up  the  contest  and  fly  in  con 
fusion. 

That  day,  Sunday,  April  2d,  Davis  was 
attending  church  in  Richmond,  when  an 
orderly  hurried  up  the  aisle  and  handed 
him  a  message  from  Lee.  With  a  glance 
he  saw  that  all  was  over.  He  must  seek 
safety  in  flight,  as  Richmond  would  soon 
be  taken.  At  eight  o'clock  that  evening 
he  abandoned  the  capital  and  fled  to  Dan 
ville,  to  which  city  his  wife  had  gone  a  few 
days  before.  The  Confederate  Congress 
and  the  Virginia  Legislature  also  took 
flight.  Early  the  next  morning  General 
Weit/el,  in  command  of  the  forces  on  the 
north  side  of  the  James,  marched  into 
Richmond  with  bands  playing  and  colors 
flying.  His  army,  composed  in  part  of 
colored  troops,  was  immediately  set  to  work 
to  put  out  the  fires  kindled  by  drunken  in 
cendiaries  just  after  the  evacuation,  and 
which  had  destroed  all  of  the  business 


pushed  for  the  Danville  Road,  followed  by 
Meade  with  the  Second  and  Sixth  Corps, 
while  Ord  hastened  along  the  Southside 
Railroad  toward  Burkeville,  where  that 
and  the  Danville  Road  intersect,  a  distance 
of  fifty-three  miles  from  Petersburg.  Lee 
was  also  making  for  that  place,  so  as  to  be 
able  to  join  Davis  at  Danville.  The  Fed 
erals,  having  the  inside  track,  reached  there 
first.  Sheridan  gained  a  position  above 
Burkeville,  and  thus  cut  off  Lee's  avenue 
of  escape,  while  Ord  stopped  below. 

Lee's  position  now  became  desperate. 
He  was  at  Amelia  Courthouse,  and  seeing 
that  he  could  not  advance  by  the  railroad, 
he  swung  around  to  the  west  and  struck 
the  road  again  at  Farmville.  Here  the 
head  of  his  columns  was  met  by  two  regi 
ments  of  infantry  and  some  cavalry,  under 
General  Theodore  Read,  who  had  been 
hurried  forward  to  hold  the  Confederates 
until  Ord  could  come  up  with  the  rest  of 
his  corps.  Read  accomplished  this  at  the 
expense  of  his  life.  When  Ord  arrived  Lee 
intrenched  himself. 

Grant  now  reached  Farmville,  and  on 
the  jth  wrote  a  note  to  Lee  in  which  he 


Grant  then  proposed  a  meeting  to  arrange 
definite  terms  for  the  surrender  of  the  Army 
of  Northern  Virginia.  Lee  wrote  back  that 
he  had  not  intended  to  propose  the  surren 
der  of  his  army.  "  To  be  frank,"  he  went 
on,  "  I  do  not  think  the  emergency  has 
arisen  to  call  for  the  surrender  of  this  army  ; 
but  as  the  restoration  of  peace  should  be 
the  sole  object  of  all,  I  desired  to  know 
whether  your  proposals  would  lead  to  that 
end.  I  cannot,  therefore,  meet  you  with  a 
view  to  surrender  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia  ;  but  as  far  as  your  proposal  may 
affect  the  Confederate  States  forces  under 
my  command,  and  tend  to  the  restoration 
of  peace,  I  should  be  pleased  to  meet  you 
at  10  A.  M.  to-morrow,  on  the  old  stage 
road  to  Richmond,  between  the  picket  lines 
of  the  two  armies." 

Grant  would  not  listen  to  an  interview 
on  this  basis,  as,  having  no  authority  to  treat 
on  the  topic  of  peace,  he  saw  that  such  a 
meeting  would  be  useless.  "  The  terms 
upon  which  peace  can  be  had,"  he  wrote, 
"are  well  understood.  By  the  South  laying 
down  their  arms  they  will  hasten  that  most 
desirable  event,  save  thousands  of  human 


•  *=     ^-^  ~--  ^ 


SHERIDAN'S     CAMPAIGN     IN     THE     VALLEY     OF     THE     SHENANDOAH  -VIEW     OF     THE     FRONT     FROM     THE     FEDERAL     LINES     ON 

JACKSON     HILL,    VA. 


part  of  Main  Street.  Weit/el  found  that 
the  Confederates  had  abandoned  5,000  of 
their  sick  ami  wounded  in  the  hospitals, 
and  had  left  as  trophies  for  the  victors  500 
pieces  of  artillery,  5,000  small  arms,  many 
locomotives  and  cars,  and  a  large  amount 
of  other  public  property,  together  with  a 
part  of  the  archives  of  the  Confederate 
Government.  When  Weitzel  reached  the 
Virginia  Statehouse  one  of  his  staff.  Lieu 
tenant  Johnston  Livingston  de  Peyster,  as 
cended  to  the  roof  and  unfurled  the  Na 
tional  flag,  and  Richmond  was  once  more 
in  the  hands  of  the  Federal  authorities. 

The  news  of  the  capture  of  Richmond 
produced  great  joy  throughout  the  loyal 
States,  for  it  told  of  the  downfall  of  the 
Confederate  Government.  In  Washington 
the  public  offices  were  closed  ;  the  people  of 
New  York  showed  their  pleasure  in  public 
meetings  and  in  the  ringing  of  bells  in  the 
tower  of  Trinity  Church. 

Finding  that  he  could  no  longer  hold 
Petersburg,  Lee  sent  the  message  which 
l)a\is  received  in  church,  and  then  silently 
withdrew  from  his  position  on  the  evening 
of  April  2d.  At  dawn  the  next  morning 
the  Federals  learned  of  his  retreat,  and  at 
once  set  out  to  intercept  him.  Sheridan 


said:  "The  result  of  the  last  week  must 
convince  you  of  the  hopelessness  of  further 
resistance  on  the  part  of  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia  in  this  struggle.  I  feel 
that  it  is  so,  and  regard  it  as  my  duty  to 
shift  from  myself  the  responsibility  of  any 
further  effusion  of  blood  by  asking  of  you 
the  surrender  of  that  portion  of  the  Con 
federate  States  Army  known  as  the  Army 
of  Northern  Virginia."  In  his  reply  to  this 
Lee  said  that,  although  he  did  not  believe 
further  resistance  on  the  part  of  his  army 
hopeless,  he  reciprocated  the  desire  to  avoid 
useless  effusion  of  blood  ;  "  a;id  therefore," 
he  added,  "  before  considering  your  propo 
sition  I  ask  the  terms  you  will  offer  on  con 
dition  of  its  surrender."  Without  waiting 
for  Grant's  answer  Lee  stole  away  in  the 
night  toward  Lynchburg,  hoping  to  escape 
to  the  shelter  of  the  mountains  beyond  that 
city  Early  the  next  morning  the  Federals 
set  out  in  pursuit. 

While  on  the  move  westward  Lee  re 
ceived  Grant's  answer,  in  which  he  said  : 
"  There  is  but  one  condition  I  would  insist 
on,  namely,  that  the  men  and  officers  sur 
rendered  should  be  disqualified  for  taking 
up  arms  against  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  until  properly  exchanged/' 


lives  and  hundreds  of  millions  of  property 
not  yet  destroyed." 

General  Sheridan  had  by  this  time 
reached  a  position  across  Lee's  path,  near 
Appomattox  Courthouse,  so  that  there  was 
no  way  for  the  latter  to  escape  except  by 
cutting  through  Sheridan's  line.  He  made 
a  brave,  desperate  effort  to  do  this  on  the 
morning  of  April  gth.  But  with  the  aid  of 
General  Ord's  command  and  the  Fifth 
Corps,  which  just  then  came  up,  Sheridan 
repulsed  the  Confederates,  and  Lee  was 
compelled  to  give  in.  He  wrote  to  Grant : 
"  I  received  your  note  this  morning  on  the 
picket  line,  whither  I  had  come  to  meet 
you,  and  ascertain  definitely  what  terms 
were  embraced  in  your  proposal  of  yester 
day,  with  reference  to  the  surrender  of  this 
army.  I  now  ask  an  interview,  in  accord 
ance  with  the  offer  contained  in  your  letter 
of  yesterday  for  that  purpose." 

Arrangements  were  at  once  made  for 
the  interview.  The  dwelling  of  Wilmer 
McLean,  at  Appomattox  Courthouse,  was 
selected  for  the  purpose,  and  in  the  parlor 
of  that  house,  on  PalmJSunday,  April  gth, 
1865,  the  two  generals  met  and  discussed 
the  terms  of  surrender.  It  was  agreed  that 
Lee  and  his  officers  should  give  their  pa- 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED   HIS  TO  R\'   OF    THE    CIVIL   WAR. 


/ole  of  honor  not  to  take  arms  against  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  until 
properly  exchanged  ;  that  the  officers  were 
to  be  allowed  to  keep  their  side  arms,  bag 
gage  and  private  horses,  and  that  the  offi 
cers  and  men  would  not  be  disturbed  by 
United  States  authorities  so  long  as  they 
should  observe  their  parole  and  the  laws 
in  force  where  they  should  reside.  On  Wed 
nesday,  April  1 2th,  the  Confederates  laid 
down  their  arms  and  departed  for  their 
homes.  The  number  paroled  was  about 
25,000.  With  the  men  were  surrendered 
about  16,000  small  arms,  150  pieces  of  ar 
tillery,  71  stand  of  colors,  about  1,100 
wagons  and  caissons,  and  4,000  horses  and 
mules. 

That  same  day,  April  i2th,  the  War  De 
partment  issued  an  order  directing  the  sus 
pension  of  all  drafting  and  recruiting  for 
the  National  Army,  and  of  the  purchasing 
of  munitions  of  war  and  supplies. 


the  1 7th  a  suspension  of  hostilities  was 
agreed  upon  pending  the  ratification  or 
rejection  by  the  National  Government  of  a 
basis  of  peace  arranged  by  the  two  generals. 
The  President  and  Cabinet  refused  to  ac 
cept  the  agreement,  whereupon  Johnston 
surrendered  to  Sherman  on  the  same  gen 
erous  terms  as  those  granted  to  Lee.  With 
him  were  surrendered  and  paroled  about 
25,000  men.  One  hundred  and  eight  pieces 
of  artillery  and  about  15,000  small  arms 
fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Federals.  A  few 
days  later,  May  4th,  General  Ta-ylor  sur 
rendered  the  Confederate  forces  in  Ala 
bama  to  General  Canby,  at  Citronville  ;  and 
the  Confederate  Navy  in  the  Tombigbee 
River  was  surrendered  to  Admiral  Farra- 
gut  at  the  same  time.  Hostilities  ended 
with  a  battle  at  Brazos  Santiago,  Tex.,  on 
May  1 3th. 

When    Davis    heard    of    the    surrender 
of   Johnston's    army  he    immediately   left 


tions.  Mistaking  each  othd  fc  -  enemies, 
both  opened  fire,  and  thus  aroused  the 
sleepers.  Davis  tried  to  make  his  escape 
disguised  in  a  woman's  waterproof  cloak 
and  a  shawl  thrown  over  his  head  by  Miss 
Howell,  but  he  was  detected  and  captured 
by  Pritchard  and  his  men.  Davis  was  taken 
to  Fortress  Monroe  and  there  imprisoned 
under  an  indictment  for  treason,  for  some 
time,  when  he  was  released  on  bail.  He 
was  never  tried,  enjoying  his  liberty  until 
his  death,  in  1889. 

While  the  people  of  the  North  were  re 
joicing  over  the  capture  of  Richmond  and 
the  surrender  of  Lee  their  joy  was  suddenly 
turned  into  sorrow  by  the  news  of  the  as 
sassination  of  the  President.  Mr.  Lincoln 
was  seated  in  a  box  in  -a  Washington  the 
atre,  with  his  wife  and  friends,  when  John 
Wilkes  Booth  entered  behind  him  and  shot 
him  in  the  back  of  the  head.  Then  shout 
ing,  "  Sic  semper  tyrannus  !" — so  may  it 


. _     •, 

m 


GRANT'S     MOVEMENTS     SOUTH     OF     THE     JAMES— BATTLE     OF     POPLAR     SPRING     CHURCH— GALLANT     CHARGE     OF     A    PART     OF 

THE     FIFTH     CORPS     ON     THE     CONFEDERATE     FORT,    SEPTEMBER    30rH,    18(54. 


CHAPTER  XXVIII. 

JOHNSTON  SURRENDERS  TO  SHERMAN — HOSTILITIES  ENDED 
— FLIGHT  OF  DAVIS  AND  HIS  CABINET — DAVIS  CAPT 
URED — ASSASSINATION  or  PRESIDENT  LINCOLN — THE 
NAVY  IN  THE  WAB. 

WHILE  the  surrender  of  General  Lee  at 
Appomattox  virtually  ended  the  war,  there 
were  still  Johnston's  army  in  North  Caro 
lina,  and  smaller  bodies  elsewhere  to  be 
conquered.  Sherman  was  preparing  to 
march  toward  the  Roanoke  on  April  loth, 
when  he  heard  of  the  fall  of  Petersburg 
and  Richmond.  This  changed  his  plans, 
and  he  at  once  turned  his  columns  toward 
Raleigh  and  marched  on  Johnston,  who  re 
treated  through  Raleigh  along  the  course 
of  the  railroad  westward  toward  Greens- 
borough,  whither  Davis  and  his  Cabinet 
had  fled  after  making  Danville  the  seat  of 
the  Confederate  Government  for  a  few 
days. 

Sherman  pursued  Johnston  as  far  as 
Raleigh,  where  on  the  i5th  the  latter,  hav 
ing  heard  of  the  overthrow  of  Lee,  re 
quested  an  interview  with  Sherman  for  the 
purpose  of  making  terms  of  surrender. 
This  was  granted,  and  after  a  meeting  on 


Greensborough,  with  his  Cabinet  and  an 
escort  of  2,000  cavalry,  and  fled  toward 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  His  wife  and  children 
and  Miss  Howell,  Mrs.  Davis's  sister,  made 
for  the  same  place  in  wagons,  but  along  a 
different  route.  Upon  reaching  Washing 
ton,  Ga.,  Davis  learned  that  some  Confed 
erate  soldiers,  supposing  the  treasure  that 
he  had  taken  from  Richmond  was  with  his 
wife's  party,  had  formed  a  plot  to  hold  up 
her  train  and  seize  the  valuable  property. 
He  immediately  set  out,  with  a  few  follow 
ers,  to  protect  his  family.  After  a  ride  of 
eighteen  miles  he  joined  his  wife  at  Irwins- 
ville,  nearly  due  south  from  Macon,  Ga. 

General  Wilson,  who  was  then  at  Macon, 
heard  of  Davis's  flight  to  the  Gulf,  and  sent 
out  two  bodies  of  cavalry,  one  under  Lieu 
tenant  Colonel  Pritchard,  and  the  other  led 
by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Hardin,  to  intercept 
him.  As  a  reward  of  $100,000  had  been 
offered  by  the  government  for  the  capture 
of  Davis,  these  two  forces  left  no  stone  un 
turned  to  find  him.  They  soon  discovered 
his  whereabouts,  and  at  early  dawn  the  two 
parties  approached  the  camp  where  he  was 
resting  for  the  night,  from  opposite  direc- 


always  be  with  tyrants — the  assassin  leaped 
out  of  the  box  on  the  stage,  dashed  through 
a  back  door,  and  fled  on  a  horse  that  was 
in  readiness  for  him.  He  was  pursued  and 
overtaken  in  a  barn  below  Fredericksburg, 
Va.,  and  shot  dead  by  a  sergeant  named 
Boston  Corbett. 

President  Lincoln  die*d  the  next  morn 
ing,  April  1 5th,  1865.  His  body  was  taken 
to  his  home  in  Springfield,  111.,  and  there 
buried,  May  4th.  Andrew  Johnson,  by 
virtue  of  his  office  as  Vice  President  and 
in  accordance  with  the  law,  was  sworn  in 
as  President  of  the  United  States  a  few- 
hours  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Lincoln. 

On  the  same  night  that  the  President 
was  shot  Secretary  of  State  Seward  was 
stabbed  and  badly  wounded  by  an  accom 
plice  of  Booth,  which  gave  rise  to  a  belief 
that  a  plot  had  been  arranged  for  the  mur 
der  of  the  President,  all  the  members  of 
the  Cabinet,  General  Grant  and  others.  A 
number  of  persons  were  arrested  on  suspi 
cion  of  being  implicated  in  this  plot,  and 
their  trial  resulted  in  the  conviction  and 
execution  by  hanging  of  David  E.  Harrold. 
Lewis  Payne,  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Surratt  and 


O       '11          • 
" 


MAJOR     GENERAL     SHERIDAX     RIDING    ALONG     THE     LINT-     Al  IK 


Jafuj  ih™i      '  *    ?    uff-   the.11Vlcs    after    hls  victory  at    Fisher's    Hill    is    indeed    a    spirited    oJ 

And  the  men  who  Were    thus    be-,ten      <'.,-'-  SI.  '          ,,17', twenty  Pieces   and    '-'«>  prisoners,   with  caissons   and    ainmi 

the  veterans  whom  Stonewall  Jackson  had    so    often    led    to    battle    in    this  very  valley,  who 


BATXLK     01''     EISHjill'U     HILL,    VA.,    SEPTEMBER     22i>,    1864. 


leral    Sheridan's  whole   force  was    soon    in    possession    of   the    enemy's    works,    driving    them   like    sheep.     The    Confederates   threw 
-Sheridan   was    no    boaster,  but    he  was    heard    to    say:    "I    do    not    think    there    ever  was    an    army  so    badly    routed." 
have    been    inspired  by  past    victory. 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL   WAR. 


George  A.  Atzeroth,  while  Samuel  A. 
Mudd,  Michael  O'Loughlin  and  Samuel 
Arnold  were  sentenced  to  imprisonment 
for  life. 

The  surrender  of  the  two  great  armies 
of  the  Confederacy  and  the  capture  of  its 
President  effectually  crushed  that  tempo 
rary  government  forever,  and  settled  the 
question  of  slavery  in  the  United  States. 
The  Civil  War  in  America,  which  was  more 
extended  in  area  and  more  destructive  of 
life  and  property  than  any  other  recorded 
in  history,  was  over.  The  number  of 
Union  soldiers  engaged  on  the  field  during 
the  war  was  2,666,999.  According  to  a 
statement  prepared  by  the  Adjutant  Gen 
eral's  Office,  the  number  of  casualties  in  the 
volunteer  and  regular  armies  of  the  United 
States  during  the  four  years  was  as  fol 
lows:  Killed  in  battle,  67,058;  died  of 
wounds,  43,012  ;  died  of  disease,  199,720; 


city  public  receptions  were  held  in  honor 
of  their  noble  work.'  A  beautiful  close  to 
the  terrible  struggle  they  had  passed 
through  was  the  grand  review  in  Washing 
ton  of  the  two  armies  that  had  conquered 
Lee  and  Johnston.  The  troops  were 
marched  to  the  vicinity  of  the  National 
capital  and  then  on  May  22d  and  230! 
they  moved  through  the  city  in  long  pro 
cession,  reviewed  by  the  President  and  his 
Cabinet  and  the  foreign  M  nisters. 

The  work  o.'  disbanding  the  armies  was 
then  begun,  and  in  a  remarkably  brief 
space  of  time  the  habiliments  of  war  were 
cast  off,  and  the  soldiers,  now  respected 
citizens,  were  back  in  their  places  in  of 
fices,  stores,  countingrooms  and  on  farms. 
From  the  first  of  June  to  the  middle  of 
November  800,000  of  the  1,000,000  sol 
diers  whose  names  were  on  the  rolls  May 
1st  were  mustered  out  of  service. 


in  all  time  to  come.  In  obedience  to  your 
country's  call  you  left  your  homes  and 
families,  and  volunteered  in  her  defense. 
Victory  has  crowned  your  valor  and  se 
cured  the  purpose  of  your  patriotic  hearts  ; 
and  with  the  gratitude  of  your  countrymen, 
and  the  highest  honors  a  great  and  free  na 
tion  can  accord,  you  will  soon  be  permitted 
to  return  to  your  homes  and  families,  con 
scious  of  having  discharged  the  highest 
duty  of  American  citizens.  To  achieve 
these  glorious  triumphs,  and  secure  to 
yourselves,  your  fellow  countrymen  and 
posterity  the  blessings  of  free  institutions, 
tens  of  thousands  of  your  gallant  comrades 
have  fallen,  and  sealed  the  priceless  legacy 
with  their  blood.  The  graves  of  these  a 
grateful  nation  beclews  with  tears.  It  hon 
ors  their  memories,  and  will  ever  cherish 
and  support  their  stricken  families." 

Although  it  attracted  less  attention  than 


-    ,J~*-  FTZ 


V 

V 


GKANT'S    MOVEMENTS    SOUTH    OF    THE    JAMES— BATTLE    OF    POPLAR    SPRING    CHURCH— THE    NINTH    CORPS    PASSING    POPLAR 
SPRING     CHURCH     AND     CONFEDERATE     PRISONERS     COMING     IN,   FRIDAY    AFTERNOON,    SEPTEMBER    3()TH,    1864. 


other  causes,  such  as  accidents,  murder, 
Confederate  prisons,  etc.,  40,154;  total 
died,  349,944;  total  deserted,  199,105. 
Number  of  soldiers  in  the  Confederate 
service  who  died  of  wounds  or  disease  ('par 
tial  statement),  133,821.  Partial  statement 
Df  deserted,  104,428.  Number  of  United 
States  troops  captured  during  the  war, 
212,608;  Confederate  troops  captured, 
476,169.  Number  of  United  States  troops 
paroled  on  the  field,  16,431  ;  Confederate 
troops  paroled  on  the  field,  248,599.  Num 
ber  of  United  States  troops  who  died  while 
prisoners,  30,156;  of  Confederate  troops, 
30,152. 

A  grand,  imposing  spectacle  was  pre 
sented  when  the  brave  soldiers  who  had 
endured  hardships  and  risked  their  lives 
for  the  preservation  of  the  Union  returned 
from  the  field  of  battle  to  go  back  to  their 
peaceful  avocations.  Everywhere  they  were 
received  with  expressions  of  gratitude  and 
affection,  and  in  almost  every  village  and 


Just  before  the  disbandment  of  the 
soldiers  took  place  General  in  Chief  Grant 
issued,  on  June  2d,  the  following  address 
to  them  : 

"  Soldiers  of  the  Armies  of  the  United 
States  :  By  your  patriotic  devotion  to  your 
country  in  the  hour  of  danger  and  alarm, 
and  your  magnificent  fighting,  bravery 
and  endurance,  you  have  maintained  the 
supremacy  of  the  Union  and  the  Consti 
tution,  overthrown  all  armed  opposition 
to  the  enforcement  of  the  laws  and  of  the 
proclamation  forever  abolishing  slavery— 
the  cause  and  pretext  of  the  rebellion— 
and  opened  the  way  to  the  rightful  author 
ities  to  restore  order  and  inaugurate  peace 
on  a  permanent  and  enduring  basis  on 
every  foot  of  American  soil.  Your  marches, 
sieges  and  battles,  in  distance,  duration, 
resolution  and  brilliancy  of  results,  dim 
the  lustre  of  the  world's  past  military 
achievements,  and  will  be  the  patriot's 
precedent  in  defense  of  liberty  and  right 


the  Army,  the  National  Navy  was  of  inesti 
mable  value  during  the  war.  It  did  excel 
lent  work  in  the  blockade  service  and  in 
co-operation  with  the  Army  along  the  riv 
ers  and  seacoasts.  When  the  war  broke 
out  the  Navy  was  composed  of  but  7,600 
men,  but  before  it  ended  that  number  had 
increased  to  51,000.  During  the  four  years 
208  war  vessels  were  constructed  and  ntted 
out,  and  414  vessels  were  purchased  and 
converted  into  war  ships.  Three  hundred 
and  thirteen  of  these  were  steamers,  and 
many  of  them  were  ironclads.  They  cost 
the  government  about  $19,000,000. 

The  National  vessels  captured  or  de 
stroyed  more  than  1,500  blockade  run 
ners,  which  had  been  fitted  out  by  British 
merchants  and  furnished  with  every  kind 
of  supplies  for  the  Confederates.  The 
capture  and  destruction  of  these  vessels 
meant  an  aggregate  loss  to  their  owners, 
taking  the  value  of  the  ships  and  their 
cargoes  into  consideration,  of  close  upon 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF\JFHE   CIVIL    WAR. 


$30,000,000 ;  but  this  was  probably  bal 
anced  by  the  immense  profits  that  were 
made  on  the  cargoes  of  the  vessels  that 
successfully  "  ran  the  blockade,"  although 
this  violation  of  the  law  could  hardly  have 
been  a  paying  transaction. 

CHAPTER    XXIX. 

CARE  OP  THE  SICK  AND  WOUNDED — Two  NOBLE  ORGANIZA 
TIONS — -LIBERAL  CONTRIBUTIONS  OF  THE  PEOPLE  FOR 
BENEVOLENT  WORK  ON  THE  BATTLEFIELD — THE  NEGRO 
IN  THE  WAR. 

THE  sick  and  wounded  during  the  war 
were  well  cared  for  by  the  government 
authorities.  They  were  very  liberal  in 
supplying  a  sufficient  number  of  hospitals 
and  in  furnishing  them  with  every  neces 
sity,  and  in  the  employment  of  a  large 


body  was  founded  by  Henry  W.  Bellows, 
and  was  organized  under  the  sanction  of 
the  President  and  Secretary  of  War.  The 
founder  was  made  president  of  the  board 
of  managers  of  the  commission,  and  Fred 
erick  Law  Olmstead  was  chosen  general 
manager  of  its  affairs. 

The  commission  at  once  appealed  to  the 
people  for  money  and  supplies  to  carry  out 
its  object,  which  was  to  help  the  wounded 
and  sick  soldiers  with  delicacies,  ice,  stim 
ulants,  fruits,  etc.,  and  with  trained  nurses, 
and  to  do  other  work  to  relieve  suffering 
on  the  battlefield.  The  response  was  re 
markably  liberal.  Money  and  supplies 
flowed  in  at  once.  Men,  women  and  chil 
dren  worked  for  it  and  contributed  to  it. 
Fairs  were  held  in  all  the  large  cities  in  aid 


cared  for,  and  tents  and  trained  nurses  were 
always  on  hand. 

The  United  States  Christian  Commission 
was  founded  by  Vincent  Colyer,  an  artist 
of  New  York,  and  was  organized  at  a  Na 
tional  Convention  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Associations  on  November  I4th, 
1 86 1.  Its  work  was  conducted  on  the  same 
general  plan  of  the  other  commission.  It 
distributed  a  vast  amount  of  food,  hospital 
stores,  delicacies  and  clothing,  and  at  the 
same  time  looked  after  the  moral  and  re 
ligious  welfare  of  the  soldiers.  Bibles  and 
other  good  books,  newspapers,  pamphlets, 
etc.,  were  well  circulated  among  the  men 
in  hospitals,  camps  and  ships,  while  chapels 
for  religious  labors  and  public  worship 
were  erected  at  every  permanent  camp. 


-  -  \. 


«r^r^ 

^r:A^^MMs^,  .s 


THE    AEMY    OF    THE    POTOMAC— BATTLE    OF    HATCHER'S    CREEK,  VA.,    OCTOBER    27ra,    1864— THE    SECOND    CORPS,   UNDER 
MAJOR    GENERAL     HANCOCK,    FLANKING     THE     CONFEDERATE     WORKS     AT     ARMSTRONG'S     MILL. 


number  of  skillful  surgeons.  When  the  war 
was  closed  there  were  204  general  hospitals 
fully  equipped,  with  a  capacity  of  nearly 
137,000  beds.  Besides  these,  many  tem 
porary  and  flying  hospitals  were  erected  in 
camps  and  on  vessels  and  on  battlefields. 
In  the  report  of  Surgeon  General  Joseph 
K.  Barnes,  at  the  end  of  the  war,  it  was 
shown  that  during  the  four  years  there  had 
been  treated  in  the  general  hospitals  alone 
1,057,423  cases,  among  whom  the  average 
rate  of  mortality  was  only  eight  per  cent, 
which  was  smaller  than  had  ever  before 
been  known  in  any  army. 

One  of  the  chief  causes  for  this  low  rate 
of  mortality  in  the  Union  Army  was  the 
beneficent  work  done  by  two  grand  or 
ganizations,  known  as  the  United  States 
Sanitary  Commission  and  the  United  States 
Christian  Commission.  The  first-named 


of  it,  and  they  were  well  patronized,  one 
fair  in  New  York  city  taking  in  $1,181,500, 
while  one  held  at  Poughkeepsie,  on  the 
Hudson,  netted  in  profit  as  much  as  an 
average  of  one  dollar  to  each  inhabitant.  So 
generous  was  the  response  to  the  commis 
sion's  appeal  that  when  the  war  closed  it 
was  found  that  the  people  had  contributed 
to  it  to  the  value  of  $5,000,000 ! 

The  commission  nobly  lived  up  to  the 
high  appreciation  the  people  showed  for 
it.  It  was  untiring  in  its  work  of  relieving 
distress.  Everywhere  the  armies  went  it 
followed  closely,  and  was  always  ready  to 
afford  instant  aid  to  those  who  needed  it. 
With  ambulances,  army  wagons  and  steam 
boats,  which  it  employed  specially  for  the 
purpose,  the  sick  and  wounded  were  care 
fully  and  tenderly  transported  as  scon  as 
possible  to  places  where  they  could  be 


The  money  and  supplies  contributed  by  the 
people  to  this  commission  amounted  in 
value  to  $6,000,000. 

Through  these  two  great  organizations 
and  the  various  other  associations  formed 
everywhere  for  the  same  purpose,  and  by 
private  contributions,  the  loyal  people  of 
the  land  spent  many  millions  of  dollars. 

The  employment  of  colored  troops  in 
the  Union  Army  was  for  some  time  a  much- 
debated  question.  When  a  number  of  col 
ored  men  got  together  in  New  York  city, 
and  began  to  drill,  in  answer  to  the  Presi 
dent's  call  for  troops  in  April,  1861,  the 
sympathizers  with  the  Confederates  became 
so  indignant  that  they  threatened  the 
negroes  with  violence,  and  the  superin 
tendent  of  police  was  compelled,  in  order 
to  preserve  the  public  peace,  to  order  them 
to  cease  drilling. 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF   THE  CIVIL  WAR. 


SfT.NK     IN     CAM!'     I, I  IT. 


IIMNKY   AI;CHITK<TU;K   THI:    FKDKHAI,   SOLDIEKS 


THKIK     ('AMI'     FI1IKS 


A  ye:ar  lat'T  the  action  of  General  Hun 
ter,  then  in  command  of  the  Department 
of  the  South,  in  ordering  the  organization 
of  ne:gn>  regiments  in  his  department, 
aroused  the  indignation  of  Southern  sym 
pathizer;  in  the  National  Congress.  \Vick- 
lifle,  of  Kentucky,  made  a  motion  to  ask 
the  Secretary  of  War  whether  General 
Hunter  had  organized  a  regiment  of  fugi- 
tive  slaves,  and  whether  the  government 
had  authorized  the  act.  \\'lien  llunter  was 
asked  for  an  answer  to  the  first  question 
he  said  :  "  No  regiment  of  fugitive-  slave's 
lias  been  or  is  being  organized  in  this  de- 
partment.  There  is,  however,  a  fine  regi 
ment  of  persons  whose  late  masters  are 
fugitive  rebels — men  who  everywhere  lly 
before  the;  appearance  of  the  National  flag, 
leaving  their  servants  behind  them  to  shift 
for  themselves  as  best  they  can." 

A  few  weeks  afterward  Secretary  Stan- 
ton  issued  a  special  order  directing  General 
Rufus  Saxton,  military  governor  of  the 
seacoast  islands,  to  "arm,  uniform,  equip 
and  receive  into  the  service  of  the  United 
States  such  number  of  volunteers  of  Afri 
can  descent,  not  exceeding  five  thousand," 
as  would  be  useful. 

In  the  summer  of  1862 crowds  of  colored 
people  flocked  to  the  camp  of  General 
G.  VV.  Phelps,  in  command  above  New 
Orleans,  and  volunteered  their  services. 
Phelps  asked  permission  of  General  But 
ler  to  arm  and  equip  these  men  and  form 
them  into  negro  regiments.  Butler,  not 
having  authority  to  give  this  permission, 
suggested  diat  the  colored  men  be  em 
ployed  in  servile  work  on  fortifications. 
To  this  Phelps  replied  :  "  I  am  not  will 
ing  to  be:ome  the  mere  slave  driver 
you  propose,  having  no  qualifications  that 
way." 

He  then  'threw  up  his  commission  and  re 
turned  to  his  home  in  Vermont.  It  was 
not  very  long  after  this  that  Butler  had 
full  regiments  formed  of  negro  volunteers 


from    the    free   colored    men     in    Xew   Or 
leans. 

The  prejudice  against  the  arming  of 
negroes  did  not  abate  a  particle  until  an 
other  year  had  passed  by.  Then,  in  the 
summer  of  i  So^,  Congress  authorized  the 
President  to  accept  colored  volunteers, 
and  regiments  of  them  were'  formed  in 
many  places.  In  a  very  short  time  there 
were  nearly  200,000  negro  troops  in  the 
held,  fighting  for  their  freedom.  'I  he 
Confederates,  naturally,  did  not  arm  their 
slaves.  They  used  them  in  menial  work 
about  their  camps  and  forts. 

CHAPTKK   XXX. 

EXCHANGE  op  PRISONERS— PECULIAR  POSITION  OF  TIIK 
GOVERNMENT— TREATMENT  OF  UNION  SOLDIERS  IN 
CONFEDERATE  PRISONS  -  AN  UNFAIR  EXCHANGE — THE 
SOUTHERN  PEOPLE. 

A  HISTORY  of  the  Civil  War  would  not 
be  complete  without  some  mention  of  the 
arrangements  for  the  exchange  of  prison 
ers  and  of  the  treatment  of  Federal  sol 
diers  confined  in  Confederate  prisons.  It 
was  a  long  time  before  any  plan  of  ex 
change  was  adopted,  because  the  National 
Government,  considering  the  Confederates 
as  rebels  against  its  authority,  would  not 
at  first  consent  to  enter  into  any  nego 
tiations  with  them  as  equals,  which  it 
would  have  to  do  to  arrange  any  plan 
for  the  exchange  of  prisoners.  The  gov 
ernment  felt  that  the  Confederates  had  no 
right  to  take  or  hold  prisoners,  and  to 
treat  with  them  would  be  an  admission 
that  they  had,  which  would  be  worse  than 
acknowledging  them  as  belligerents.  Still, 
the  government  could  not  treat  the  pris 
oners  it  took  as  rebels  and  hang  them,. 
for  the  enemy  would  at  once  retaliate,  and 
the  war  would  thus  become  mere  butch 
ery.  -  The  first  prisoners  captured  by  the 
Federals  were  privateers,  and  they  were 
condemned  as  pirates  and  placed  in  felons' 
cells.  Immediately  the  Confederates  con 


fined  in  like  manner  the;  officers  captured 
at  Bull  Run  and  reserved  them  for  the 
same*  fate  that  should  be  meted  enit  to 
the  imprisoned  privateers.  I  hen  the:  [iris- 
oners  taken  on  both  sides  soon  numbered 
among  the  thousands,  ami  something  hael 
to  be'  done'. 

At  length  the'  Fe-eleTal  authorities,  after 
trying  seve-ral  de-vices  te>  escape  it,  we-re- 
e-e>mpe-lle-el  te>  eipe-n  negotiations  with  the- 
Confederate  Government,  and  a  plan  e)f 
exe-hange  was  arrangeel.  It  is  interesting 
to  note'  the-  scale-  of  equivalents  that  was 
agree:d  upe>n  in  this  plan.  When  thejre  was 
no  office-r  e>f  equal  rank  to  be;  exchanged 
feir  a  captive  officer  it  was  arranged  that 
sixty  privates  or  common  seamen  were  te> 
be:  given  for  a  general  in  chief  or  an  ad 
miral  ;  forty  for  a  flag  officer  or  major  gen 
eral  ;  twenty  for  a  commodore,  carrying  a 
broad  pennant,  or  a  brigadier  general  ; 
fifteen  for  a  captain  of  the  navy  or  a 
colonel  ;  ten  for  a  lieutenant  colonel  or  a 
commander  in  the  navy  ;  eight  for  a  lieu 
tenant  commander  or  a  major;  six  for  a 
lieutenant  or  a  master  in  the  navy,  or  a 
captain  in  the  army  or  marines;  four  for 
master  mates  in  the  navy  or  lieutenants 
and  ensigns  in  the  army  ;  three  for  mid 
shipmen  and  warrant  officers  in  the  navy, 
masters  of  merchant  vessels  and  command 
ers  of  privateers  ;  two  for  second  captains, 
lieutenants,  or  mates  of  merchant  vessels 
or  privateers,  and  all  petty  officers  in  the 
navy,  and  all  non-commissioned  officers  in 
the  army  or  marines.  Privates  and  com 
mon  seamen  were  exchanged  for  each 
other,  man  for  man. 

This  plan  had  been  in  operation  but  a 
short  time,  however,  when  Jefferson  Davis, 
by  his  anger  at  the  employment  of  colored 
troops  in  the  Federal  Army,  interrupted  it 
in  January,  1863.  On  the  I2th  of  that 
month  he  issued  a  proclamation  ordering 
the  delivery  of  all  officers  of  the  Federal 
Army,  commanding  negro  soldiers,  that 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  O$*THE    CIVIL    WAR. 


509 


might  be  captured  after  that  date,  to  the 
respective  State  authorities,  to  be  hanged, 
and  directing  that  those  soldiers  be  treated 
as  rebels  against  their  masters.  Davis  then 
instructed  the  Confederate  Commissioner 
of  Exchange  to  refuse  to  consider  captive 
colored  troops  as  prisoners  of  war.  When, 
in  August,  1863,  the  Federal  Commis 
sioner  demanded  the  revoking  of  these 
instructions,  the  Confederate  Commis- 
, sioner  wrote:  "We  will  die  in  the  last 
ditch  before  giving  up  the  right  to  send 
slaves  back  into  slavery." 

Recognizing  the  just  claim  of  its  negro 
defenders  to  an  equal  right  of  exchange 
with  other  Federal  soldiers,  the  National 
Government  caused  a  cessation  of  the  ex 
change  of  prisoners  until  the  colored  troops 
should  be  treated  simply  as  prisoners  of 
war.  The  result  of  this  action  was  a  large 
increase  in  the  number  and  sufferings  of 
the  Union  prisoners  confined  at  Richmond, 
Salisbury,  Charleston,  Millen  and  Ander- 
sonville. 

Stories  of  cruelty  toward  these  prisoners 
soon  became  current,  and  before  long  it 
seemed  as  if  Davis's  purpose  was  to  so  ob 
struct  exchanges  that  the  Federal  prisoners, 
by  long  and  acute  suffering,  would  be  ren 
dered  unfit  for  active  service  against  him. 
To  investigate  these  stories  of  cruelty  a 
committee  was  appointed  by  the  United 
States  Sanitary  Commission,  with  Dr.  Val 
entine  Mott  as  chairman.  After  several 
weeks'  investigation  this  committee  ren 
dered  a  report  in  which  it  said:  "  It  is  the 
same  story  everywhere  ;  prisoners  of  war 
treated  worse  than  convicts  ;  shut  up  either 
in  suffocating  buildings  or  in  outdoor  in- 
closures  without  even  the  shelter  that  is 
provided  for  the  beasts  of  the  field  ;  unsup- 
plied  with  sufficient  food ;  supplied  with 
food  and  water  injurious  and  even  poison 
ous  ;  compelled  to  live  on  floors  often  cov 
ered  with  human  filth,  or  on  ground  satu 


rated  with  it ;  compelled  to  breathe  an  air 
oppressed  with  an  intolerable  stench  ;  hem 
med  in  by  a  fatal  dead  line,  and  in  hourly 
danger  of  being  shot  by  unrestrained  and 
brutal  guards ;  despondent  even  to  mad 
ness,  idiocy  and  suicide ;  sick,  of  disease 
(so  congruous  in  character  as  to  appear 
and  spread  like  the  plague)  caused  by  the 
torrid  sun,  by  decaying  food,  by  filth,  by 
vermin,  by  malaria  and  by  cold  ;  removed 
at  the  last  moment,  and  by  hundreds  at  a 
time,  to  hospitals  corrupt  as  a  sepulchre, 
there,  with  a  few  remedies,  little  care  and 
no  sympathy,  to  die  in  wretchedness  and 
despair,  not  only  among  strangers,  but 
among  enemies  too  resentful  either  to  have 
pity  or  to  show  mercy.  These  are  positive 
facts.  Tens  of  thousands  of  helpless  men 
have  been,  and  are  now  being,  disabled  and 
destroyed  by  a  process  as  certain  as  poison, 
and  as  cruel  as  the  torture  or  burning  at 
the  stake,  because  nearly  as  agonizing  and 
more  prolonged.  This  spectacle  is  daily 
beheld  and  allowed  by  the  Rebel  Govern 
ment.  No  supposition  of  negligence,  or 
indifference,  or  accident,  or  inefficiency,  or 
destitution,  or  necessity,  can  account  for 
all  this.  So  many  and  such  positive  forms 
of  abuse  and  wrong  cannot  come  from  neg 
ative  causes.  The  conclusion  is  unavoida 
ble,  therefore,  that  these  privations  and 
sufferings  have  been  designedly  inflicted 
by  the  military  and  other  authorities  of  the 
Rebel  Government,  and  cannot  have  been 
due  to  causes  which  such  authorities  could 
not  control." 

The  man  in  charge  of  the  prisoners  at 
Richmond  for  some  time,  and  who  was 
responsible  for  much  of  the  cruelty  there, 
was  Brigadier  General  John  H.  Winder, 
who  was  among  the  leaders  of 
that  attacked  the  Massachusetts 
Baltimore.  His  reputation  for 
treatment  of  prisoners  was  so 
when  he  was  transferred  to  the  prison  at 


the  mob 
troops  in 
inhuman 
that 


great, 


Andersonville,  in  Georgia,  the  Richmond 
Examiner  exclaimed  :  "  Thank  God,  Rich 
mond  has  at  last  got  rid  of  old  Winder ! 
God  have  mercy  upon  those  to  whom  he 
has  been  sent  !" 

The  Confederates  themselves  furnished 
testimony  corroborative  of  statements  made 
by  the  prisoners.  In  a  report  made  in  Sep 
tember,  1862,  by  Augustus  R.  Wright, 
chairman  of  a  committee  of  the  Confederate 
House  of  Representatives  upon  the  pris 
ons  at  Richmond  in  which  Union  soldiers 
were  confined,  he  said  that  the  state  of 
things  was  "  terrible  beyond  description  "; 
that  "the  committee  could  not  stay  in  the 
room  over  a  few  seconds"  ;  and  that  "  the 
committee  makes  the  report  to  the  Secre 
tary  of  War,  and  not  to  the  House,  be 
cause  in  the  latter  case  it  would  be  printed, 
and,  for  the  honor  of  the  nation,  such  things 
must  be  kept  secret'  ! 

When  a  committee  of  the  United  States 
Christian  Commission  appeared  before  the 
lines  of  Lee's  army  and  asked  permission  to 
be  allowed  to  visit  the  Union  prisoners  at 
Richmond  and  on  Belle  Isle  for  the  purpose 
of  affording  them  relief,  with  the  under 
standing  that  similar  committees  on  like 
missions  would  be  granted  the  same  privi 
leges  in  Federal  prisons,  it  was  refused,  be 
cause,  as  Confederate  witnesses  testified, 
the  authorities  at  Richmond  did  not  dare 
face  an  exposure  of  their  methods. 

During  the  cessation  of  the  exchange  of 
prisoners  nearly  40,000  Union  soldiers 
went  through  the  starving  process  and 
were  reduced  to  mere  skeletons,  so  that 
they  had  hardly  strength  enough  to  walk. 
Having  got  them  to  this  pass  the  Confed 
erate  authorities  made  a  proposition  for 
the  resumption  of  exchanges.  For  the 
sake  of  humanity  the  National  Government 
agreed  to  it,  anil  the  poor  fellows  in  Con 
federate  prisons  were  liberated.  It  could 
hardly  be  called  a  fair  exchange  that  took 


SEACOAST     OPERATIONS     AGAINST     CHARLESTON— BRILLIANT     DASH     AND     CAPTURE     OF     CONFEDERATE    RIFLE    PITS 
PRISONERS    BY     THE    FEDERAL     TROOPS    ON     JAMES    ISLAND,   S.    C.,    FEBRUARY    9iH,    1805, 


FRANK  LESI.II-.'S  ILLUSTRATED   HISTORY  OF  THE   CIVIL    WAR. 


place  then,  lor  the  soldiers  confined  at  the 
North  \v".re  well  fed,  and  otherwise  com 
fortably  provided  for.  This  was  recog 
nized  by  the  Confederate  Commissioner  of 
Fxchange,  who,  in  a  letter  to  General 
Winder,  from  City  Point,  when  exchanges 
had  been  resumed,  said  :  "  The  arrange 
ment  I  have  made  works  largely  in  our 
favor.  We  get  rid  of  a  set  of  miserable 
wretches,  and  receive  some  of  the  best 
material  I  ever  saw." 

If  his  own  statements  are  to  be  believed 
General  Lee  was  not  one  of  the  Confeder 
ate  authorities  who  knew  of  the  existence 
of  a  plan  to  starve  the  Union  prisoners. 
In  February,  1866,  he  testified  before  the 
National  "Committee  on  Reconstruction" 
that  he  knew  nothing  of  the  alleged  cruel 
ties  about  which  complaints  had  been 
made  ;  that  no  reports  about  them  had 
ever  been  submitted  to  him ;  and  that  he 


who,  by  their  selfish  and  sordid  methods, 
brought  the  war  upon  the  country.  Had 
the  people  of  the  South  been  allowed  to 
have  a  voice  in  the  councils  of  the  seceding 
States  it  is  not  unlikely  that  there  never 
would  have  been  a  civil  war,  with  its  ter 
rible  loss  of  life  and  destruction  of  property. 
They  would  probably  have  found  some 
other  means  more  humane  than  war  for 
settling  the  differences  that  arose  between 
the  two  sections  of  the  country. 

CHAPTER  XXXI. 

REORGANIZATION — PRESIDENT  JoHNSON  AND  CONGRESS — 
THE  RECONSTRUCTION  COMMITTEE—  SLAVERY  ABOL 
ISHED  BY  CONGRESS — AMENDMENTS  TO  THE  CONSTITU 
TION — RETURN  OF  THE  SECEDED  STATES  TO  THE  UNION 
— CONCLUSION. 

IT  was  a  long  time  before  the  country 
recovered  from  the  effects  of  the  war  that 
had  been  thrust  upon  it.  So  many  cliffer- 


sink  into  insignificance."  Although  such 
and  even  more  severe  language  was  used 
by  the  President  when  speaking  of  the  lead 
ing  Confederates,  he  soon  showed  by  his 
actions  that  he  not  only  did  not  mean  to 
do  what  he  said  he  would,  but  was  in  warm 
sympathy  with  the  friends  of  the  late  Con 
federacy.  In  every  way  he  could  he  seemed 
to  try  to  retard  Congress  in  its  efforts  at 
reorganization  of  the  Union.  He  also 
seemed  to  do  all  he  could  to  thwart  any 
measures  looking  to  the  betterment  of  the 
condition  of  the  people  just  made  free  by 
the  proclamation  of  emancipation  and  by 
act  of  Congress.  With  the  idea  of  de 
ceiving  the  people  as  to  his  real  purpose  in 
regard  to  the  colored  race,  he  proposed  to 
the  Governor  of  Mississippi  to  give  the 
franchise  to  such  of  the  freedmen  as  could 
read  the  Constitution  and  possessed  prop- 
perty  worth  $250,  well  knowing  that  the 


TUTTLK     NKAK     KINSTON,    >*.    C.,    MARCH    STH,    1865. 


lid  not  even  know  at  the  time  who  was  in 
command  at  Andersonville,  Salisbury  and 
other  places  where  Union  soldiers  were 
confined. 

But  whoever  knew  of  these  cruelties  to 
Union  soldiers,  or  whoever  was  responsible 
for  them,  it  is  onlyjust  to  say  that  the  great 
body  of  Southern  people  were  entirely  igno 
rant  of  them  and  in  no  way  responsible  for 
their  existence.  Had  they  known  of  the 
terrible  suffering  that  was  going  on  in  their 
prisons  they  would  have  been  just  as  in 
dignant  as  were  the  people  of  the  North, 
and  if  they  had  the  power  to  do  so  would 
have  corrected  the  abuses  at  once.  The 
great  majority  of  the  people  in  the  South 
ern  States  were,  as  they  are  now,  kind- 
hi-artcd,  loving,  humane,  hospitable,  and 
would  never  for  a  moment  have  tolerated 
such  a  state  of  things  in  their  part  of  the 
country  if  they  had  known  about  it  and 
could  have  helped  it.  They  were  pin 
posely  kept  in  ignorance  by  the  scheming 
politicians  who  \vrn  responsible  for  it,  and 


ences  of  opinion  were  entertained  as  to  the 
best  and  most  satisfactory  methods  of  bring 
ing  about  a  thorough  reorganization  and 
reconstruction  that  it  took  several  years  to 
gather  the  different  parts  of  the  Union  into 
one  united  nation  again.  The  country  was 
unfortunate  in  having  at  this  time  a  weak 
President,  and  one  who  did  not  hesitate  to 
usurp  the  powers  of  Congress  whenever  he 
could  by  so  doing  carry  out  his  own  ideas 
and  further  his  own  interests.  For  a  long 
time  there  was  a  war  between  the  Executive 
and  Legislative  branches  of  the  government. 
President  Johnson  had  declared  in  his 
inaugural  address  his  intention  to  punish 
the  leading  enemies  of  the  government, 
and  to  a  delegation  from  New  Hampshire 
who  waited  upon  him  soon  after  his  inau 
guration  he  said  :  "  Treason  is  a  crime,  and 
must  be  punished  as  a  crime.  It  must  not 
be  regarded  as  a  mere  difference  of  opinion. 
\t  must  not  be  excused  as  an  unsuccessful 
rebellion,  to  be  overlooked  and  forgiven. 
It  is  a  crime  before  which  ail  other  crimes 


laws  of  Mississippi  made  it  a  punishable 
offense  to  teach  a  colored  person  to  read, 
and  that  in  the  condition  of  slavery  not 
one  could  hold  property. 

The  first  step  toward  the  reorganization 
of  the  Union  was  taken  by  President  John 
son  in  proclaiming  the  removal  of  restric 
tions  upon  commercial  intercourse  between 
the  States,  which  he  did  on  April  2gth,  1865. 
Soon  afterward  the  President  appointed 
provisional  governors  for  seven  of  those 
States  which  had  formed  the  original  Con 
federate  States  of  America.  He  gave  them 
authority  to  call  conventions  of  the  citizens, 
who  would  have  power  to  reorganize  State 
governments  and  elect  representatives  to 
Congress.  These  conventions  met  and 
acted  according  to  the  President's  instruc 
tions  ;  but  when  Congress  assembled,  on 
December  4th,  it  virtually  condemned  the 
President's  action,  as  a  usurpation  of  power, 
by  passing  a  joint  resolution  to  appoint  a 
joint  committee  to  be  composed  of  nine 
members  of  the  House  of  Representatives 


FRANK  LESLIES  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY 


THE   CIVIL    WAR. 


and  six  of  the  Senate,  to  "  inquire  into  the 
condition  of  the  States  which  formed  the 
so-called  Confederate  States  of  America, 
and  report  whether  they,  or  any  of  them, 
are  entitled  to  be  represented  in  either 
House  of  Congress,  with  leave  to  report 
at  any  time,  by  hill  or  otherwise ;  and  until 
such  report  ^hall  have  been  made  and 
finally  acted  upon  by  Congress  no  mem 
ber  shal1  oe  received  in  either  House  from 
any  <  '  the  so-called  Confederate  States ; 
an  I  all  papers  relating  to  the  representa 
tives  of  the  said  States  shall  be  referred 


United  States,  or  any  place  svbject  to  their 
jurisdiction. 

"  Sectioi  2.  Congress  shall  have  power 
to  enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  legis 
lation." 

After  the  appointment  of  the  "  Recon 
struction  Committee  "  Congress  proceeded 
to  the  consideration  of  bills  tending  to  the 
full  and  permanent  restoration  of  the  Union 
on  a  basis  of  equal  and  exact  justice.  In 
February,  1866,  it  passed  an  act  for  en 
larging  the  operations  of  the  Freedman's 
Bureau,  which  had  been  established  for  the 


Still  another  bill  of  a  similar  kind,  m  which 
the  elective  franchise  was  granted  to  the 
people  of  the  District  of  Columbia  "  with 
out  any  distinction  on  account  of  color  or 
race,"  had  to  be  re-enacted  over  the  Presi 
dent's  veto,  in  January,  1867. 

Despite  the  interference  of  President 
Johnson  by  vetoes  and  otherwise  the  work 
of  reorganizing  the  Union  was  steadily 
pushed  at  different  sessions  of  Congress. 
On  June  i3th,  1866,  another  amendment  to 
the  Constitution  was  adopted,  and  it  was 
ratified  by  a  sufficient  number  of  States  to 


PRESIDENT    LINCOLN     HIDING    THKOTJGH 


RICHMOND,    VA.,    APBIL    4ra,    1865,    AMID 
THE    INHABITANTS. 


committee."     This    body  was 
as    the   "  Reconstruction    Commit- 


relief  of  emancipated  slaves  and  poor  white 
men  who  had  been  rendered  destitute  by 
the  war.  This  act  was  vetoed  by  President 
Johnson,  who,  although  he  had  announced 
himself  as  a  "  Moses  to  lead  the  colored 


to   the   said 

known 

tee." 

At  this  time  (December,  1 865,)  the  slavery 
amendment  to  the  Constitution,  which  had 
been  adopted  at  the  previous  session  of  people  to  freedom,"  showed  by  various  ac- 
Congress,  early  in  the  year,  became  part  of  tions  that  he  was  not  willing  to  give  them 
the  law  of  the  land,  by  the  ratification  of  any  civil  rights.  The  bill,  however,  was 
the  several  State  Legislatures.  This  amend 
ment,  the  Xlllth,  reads  as  follows : 

"  Section  i.    Neither  slavery  nor  involun 


tary  servitude,  except  as  a  punishment  for 
cnme,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been 
duly  convicted,  shall  exist  within  the 


promptly  passed  over  his  veto.  In  March 
he  vetoed  without  effect  another  law  in  be 
half  of  the  negro.  This  was  the  Civil 
Rights  Law,  which  gave  to  ^//citizens,  with 
out  regard  to  color  or  previous  condition 
of  slavery,  equal  civil  rights  in  the  republic. 


THE    ENTHUSIASTIC    CHEERS    OF 

make  it  a  law  in  July,  1868.  By  this 
amendment  "  all  persons  born  or  naturalized 
in  the  United  States,  and  subject  to  the 
jurisdiction  thereof,"  were  given  the  rights 
of  citizenship  ;  the  privilege  of  being  a 
Senator  or  Representative  in  Congress,  or 
Elector  of  President  and  Vice  President,  or 
of  holding  any  office,  civil  or  military,  un 
der  the  United  States,  or  under  any  State, 
was  denied  to  everyone  who  had  taken  part 
in  the  war  against  the  government  after 
having,  as  member  of  Congress,  or  any 
State  Legislature,  or  as  an  executive,  or 
judicial  officer  of  any  State,  sworn  to  sup- 


5'2 


FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF   THE   CIVIL   WAR 


port  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  ; 
the  National  debt  was  declared  valid,  and 
the  payment  of  debts  incurred  in  aid  of  the 
Confederacy  was  forbidden,  and  the  obli 
gations  declared  illegal  and  void. 

Just  before  this  amendment  was  formally 
adopted  President  Johnson,  in  order  to 
forestall  a  portion  of  it,  issued  a  proclama 
tion,  July  4th,  1868,  declaring  general  and 
unconditional  pardon  and  amnesty  for  all 
who  had  been  engaged  in  acts  of  rebellion, 


December,  T  868.  After  several  weeks'  de 
bate  the  following,  as  a  Fifteenth  Amend 
ment,  was  adopted,  February  26th,  1869: 

"Section  i.  The  right  of  citizens  of  the 
United  States  to  vote  shall  not  be  denied 
or  abridged  by  the  United  States,  or  by  any 
State,  on  account  of  race,  color,  or  previous 
condition  of  servitude. 

"  Section  2.  Congress  shall  have  power 
to  enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  leg 
islation." 


and  Texas,  were  allowed  places,  th rough 
Senators  and  Representatives,  in  the  Na 
tional  Congress.  There  were  three  States 
still  out  of  the  Union,  and  they  remained 
so  until  the  year  1872.  On  May  22d  of 
that  year  Congress  passed  an  Amnesty 
Bill,  in  which  it  was  resolved  that  the  de 
nial  of  the  privilege  of  holding  office  im 
posed  by  the  third  section  of  the  Four 
teenth  Amendment  of  the  Constitution  be 
removed  from  all  persons  excepting  mem- 


' 


B%s  m 


-       <" 


s  .:  v:-  •. 


THE    GRAND     REVIEW     AT     WASHINGTON,    P.    f!.,    MAY    21-m.    18<>T>— PRESIDENT     JOHNSON,    LIEUTENANT     GENERAL    GRANT     A\"D 
OTHERS    INSPECTING     SHERMAN'S     ARMY— SHERMAN     SALUTING    AT     THE     HEAD     OF     HIS     STAFF. 


excepting  a  few  who  were  under  present 
ment  or  indictment  for  the  offense.  Then 
on  Christmas  Day  of  the  same  year  he  fol 
lowed  that  proclamation  by  another,  in 
which  he  granted,  in  direct  defiance  of  the 
Fourteenth  Amendment,  unconditional  and 
unreserved  pardon  to  all  and  every  person 
who  had  participated  in  the  late  rebellion. 
Another  amendment  to  the  Constitution, 
one  securing  the  enfranchisement  of  the 
freedman.  was  proposed  in  Congress,  in 


This 


amendment,  being  ratified  by  the 
Legislatures  of  the  requisite  number  of 
States,  became  a  part  of  the  Constitution. 
Having  approved  of  the  amendments  by 
ratification,  and  having  adopted  State  Con 
stitutions  approved  by  Congress,  elected 
National  Senators  and  Representatives,  and 
complied  with  other  requirements  of  Con 
gress,  seven  of  the  late  Confederate  States, 
namely,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina, 
Georgia,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Louisiana 


bers  of  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  heads  of 
departments,  member*  of  diplomatic  corps 
and  officers  of  the  army  and  navy  who  hail 
given  their  services  to  the  Confederacy. 
The  day  after  this  bill  was  passed  the  three 
remaining  States  were  taken  back  into  the 
Union.  The  reorganization  of  the  country 
was  now  complete.  All  the  seceded  States 
had  returned  to  their  allegiance,  and  the 
United  States  again  became  one  great  na 
tion.  THE  END. 


RE 
T( 


6-r 


. 


FC 


RETURN  TO  the  circulation  desk  of  any 
University  of  California  Library 
or  to  the 

NORTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 
Bldg.  400,  Richmond  Field  Station 
University  of  California 
Richmond,  CA  94804-4698 

ALL  BOOKS  MAY  BE  RECALLED  AFTER  7  DAYS 
2-month  loans  may  be  renewed  by  calling 

(415) 642-6233 
1-year  loans  may  be  recharged  by  bringing  books 

to  NRLF 
Renewals  and  recharges  may  be  made  4  days 

prior  to  due  date 

DUE  AS  STAMPED  BELOW 


HECEIVED 


,CTi61990 


0*1996 


N0U'    (o 
R" 


'RCULATION  DEPT. 


-WAR 


JUL  2  0  1999 


MW   JUL  2  0  1990 


MAT   ,      19.9 


403 


DP  Desk 
ate 


BERKELEY,  CA   94720 


RKELEY 


®i 


GENERAL  LIBRARY  -  U.C.  BERKELEY 


BOOOBlblDb 


00268 


